采用GIS、系统聚类、地统计学等多种方法探讨了1949~2007年新疆人口的时序变化特征、空间分布规律以及空间结构。结果表明,新疆人口具有明显的时空变化特征和空间结构:新疆每年新增28.17×104人,人口数量的年均增长速率较大,达到6.50%。北疆的人口密度为46.97人/km2,明显高于南疆(13.37人/km2)和东疆(6.37人/km2)。少数民族的人口占总人口比例高的地区占比达到93.94%,中、低比例地区,则分别只有61.79%和33.89%。各县(市)总人口在空间上呈碎片化分布特征,表现出较大的空间变异性,但空间自相关性强烈。维吾尔族、汉族以及哈萨克族人口的空间自相关较强烈,但随滞后距离的增加,空间正相关性减弱,负相关关系增强。维吾尔族人口的空间自相关影响范围覆盖全疆,达2110km,而汉族、哈萨克族人口的则分别只有34km和125km。
Based on GIS, cluster analysis, geostatistics and other methods, this research investigated the time serial change, spatial distribution and structure of population in Xinjiang from 1949 to 2007. The result indicated that population in Xinjiang had evident spatio-temporal character and spatial structure. The individuals increased 28.17?104 per year in Xinjiang.The annual increasing speed of population was high up to 6.50%. Population density in North Xinjiang was 46.97% individuals per square kilometers, distinctively higher than South(13.37%) and East Xinjiang(6.37%). Minority ratio differed a lot in different regions. Percentage in the high ration region was 93.94%, whereas only 67.19% and 33.89% in the middle and low ration ragions. Population of defferent counties in Xinjiang had both positive and negative spatial correlation in fractional spatial distribution, and had great spatial variability. However, the spatial self-correlation was strong. The population of Uygur, Han and Kazak nationalities had intense spatial self-correlation. Whereas when the separation distance got longer, the spatial positive correlation weakened, in the mean time negative correlation enhanced. The Uygur affecting distance of spatial self-correlation was 2 110 km, but the distances of Han and Kazak were only 34 km and 125 km.
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