城市和农村是两种主要的人类居住群落。在中国城市化迅速发展的进程中,广大农村却出现了日益严重的空心化问题。以山东省新泰市北公村为例,通过广泛的问卷调查和实地调研,总结了村落空心化发展的三个阶段,阐明了村落向心力与离心力失衡、经济发展迅速和观念意识落后、新房建设加速和规划管理薄弱等三大矛盾是村落空心化的内在机制,针对村落空心化对耕地资源、小康社会建设以及农村人居环境等带来的不利影响,站在科学发展观的角度,从管理、规划、基础设施建设等方面提出相应的对策措施。
Cities and countryside are the main inhabitation communities for human being. There is showing "village-hollowing", which is one of the problems in the countryside and becoming more and more serious because of the rapid development of urbanization in China. This article takes Beigong village as an example and summarizes the three phrases of "village-hollowing" based on deeply research and analysis. It expounds that the mechanism of "village-hollowing" lies in the three contradictions, unbalance between centripetal and centrifugal forces in village, unbalance between rapid economic development and behindhand ideology, speedup of house building and weakness of administration. Some countermeasures are given against the disadvantageous impacts caused by "village-hollowing", such as strengthening administration, making planning scientifically, improving infrastructure and etc.
[1] 金其铭.聚落地理[M].南京:南京师大出版社,1984.6.
[2] 张文奎.人文地理学概论[M].长春:东北师范大学出版社,1993:210.
[3] 胡兆量.迎接城市化高潮,全面建设小康社会[J].城市问题,2003,(1):4~5.
[4] 许树辉.农村住宅空心化形成机制及其调控研究[J].南方农村,2003.(4):14~17.
[5] 尹昌斌.中国未来耕地非农占用的数量分析[J].农业技术经济,1998,(l):29~32.
[6] 薛 力.城市化背景下的"空心村"现象及其对策探讨——以江苏省为例[J].城市规划,2001,25(6):8~13.
[7] 张军英.空心村改造的规划设计探索——以安徽省巢湖地区空心村改造为例[J].建筑学报,1999(11):12~15.
[8] 程连生,冯文勇,蒋立宏.太原盆地东南部农村聚落空心化机理分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(4):437~446.
[9] 赵之枫.城市化背景下农村宅基地有偿使用和转让制度初探[J].农业经济问题,2001,1:42~45.
[10] 国土资源部.全国土地开发整理规划(2001~2010年)[M].2003.3.
[11] 新华网. 河南农村宅基地浪费严重,空心村占耕地150万亩. http://news.qq.com.2004-06-14.
[12] 单胜道."空心村"问题及其对策研究[J].农村经济问题,2000,(3):24~25.
[13] 蔡运龙. 中国农村转型与耕地保护机制[J].地理科学,2001,21(1):1~6.
[14] 文云朝,汪一鸣. 土地规划与农村整治:比利时瓦隆区国土整治经验借鉴[J].地理研究,1998,17(2):201~207.
