行政单元对经济活动的边界效应是经济地理学科一直关注的问题,它直接反应了行政主体对经济空间格局的影响。以中国227个城市节点的铁路交通流数据为基础,分析了中国25个省级行政单元的边界对交通联系的影响,发现上世纪90年代中国铁路客货流空间的集中化与分散化力量并存。进一步考察了空间相互作用变化背后可能的驱动因子。在中心城市吸引力扩张的影响下,铁路客流空间发生明显的重组,边界效应普遍削弱;而技术进步和地方政府的竞争使得集装箱货流空间的变化则比较复杂,甚至有约一半省份的边界效应增强了。最后分析了省界效应变化趋势并提出了对区域与城市规划和政策制定的一些建议。
Administrative border effect is always an interesting topic for economic geography for its importance in economic space shaping. This paper deals with the border effect of 25 provinces of China by using rail traffic flows data between 227 cities from 1991 to 2000. The analysis on transport links reveals that the process of agglomeration and diffusion co-existed in 1990s, and the driven factors of such process are discussed under the context of globalization and China’s urbanization. As the hub cities expanded their effect beyond administrative borders, the space of passenger flows appeared a significant reconstruction and the border effect was weaken obviously during this process. However, the technical progress and competition between different local governments made the space of container flows more complicate, 11 provinces showed an opposite trend of stronger border effect. At last, this paper discussed the future trend of border effect and gave some policy implication according to our analysis.
[1] 王 颖,陆玉麒.中国省界线形成的地理背景[J]. 南京师大学报(自然科学版),2003, 26(1):116~120.
[2] Yang C.The geopolitics of cross-boundary governance in the Greater Pearl River Delta,China: A case study of the proposed Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge [J]. Political Geography, 2006,25(7):817-835.
[3] 陆大道.中国区域发展的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:334~371.
[4] Morton E O’Kelly. A geographer's analysis of hub-and-spoke networks[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 1998, 6( 3):171-186.
[5] Roy J R, Thill J C. Spatial interaction modeling[J].Regional Science,2004,83(1):339-362.
[6] 朱英明.城市群经济空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004: 4~10.
[7] 金凤君,张文尝.省级区域铁路货运联系的系统研究[J].地理科学,1991,11(1):19~29.
[8] 周一星,杨家文.九十年代中国区际货流联系的变动趋势[J].中国软科学,2001,(6):85~89.
[9] 中国交通年鉴出版社.中国交通年鉴[M].北京:中国交通年鉴出版社,1992,2001.
[10] 铁道部统计中心.全国铁路统计年鉴[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1992,2001.
[11] 黄海波,何 琳.城市间旅客运输需求的研究[J].铁道学报,1999,21(5):5~9.
[12] 金 杉,戴特奇.1990年代中国城际铁路集装箱运输网络空间演变[J].经济地理,2008, 28(4):543~587.
[13] 戴特奇,金凤君.空间相互作用与城市关联网络演进——以我国20世纪90年代城际铁路客流为例[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(2):80~89.
[14] 张文尝,金凤君,荣朝和,等.空间运输联系——理论研究·实证分析·预测方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1992:1~23.
[15] 欧向军,沈正平,王荣成.中国区域经济增长与差异格局演变探析[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):641~648.
[16] 薛凤旋,蔡建明.中国三大都会经济区的演变及其发展战略[J].地理研究,2003,22(5):531~540.
[17] Fujita M, Krugman P, Venables A. The Spatial Economy[M].Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1999:61-72.
