全球变暖导致的北极冰层消退,使北极航线的全线通航预期逐渐缩短,以北极为对象的资源争夺和地缘政治争斗将成为地缘政治研究的新的重要课题。由于北极的地理特殊性和航线权益在北极争夺中的重要性,对于北极地缘政治的研究应更多从北极航线的视角出发。北极航线地缘政治格局的研究有助于中国对于未来的北极及北极航线应得权益的取得。在提出北极航线地缘政治格局概念和研究重要性的基础上,使用人工鱼群聚类方法对北极航线地缘政治格局进行了分析。结果表明,北极航线地缘政治格局聚类为3个类别,分别为以美国为主的27个国家组成的国家集团、以俄罗斯为主的19个国家组成的国家集团和包含英国等其他国家的47个国家组成的国家集团。仿真实验表明,人工鱼群模糊聚类分析对于北极航线地缘政治格局分析是有效的,分析结果能够为中国的北极航线地缘政治战略制定提供借鉴。

For the melting of Northern Sea ice layer caused by the global warming, the anticipation of the navigation on the whole line of the Arctic Route draws near gradually, and the scrambling for the resource and the struggle about the geopolitical which target on the arctic will become a new important issue for the study of the geopolitics. For the specialist of the arctic geography and the importance of rights and interests of the route in scrambling of the arctic, the study of the arctic geopolitics should be start from the perspective of the arctic route, and the study of the geopolitical framework of Arctic Route would be helpful for the government to scramble for the deserved rights and interests of arctic and arctic route in the future. Based on putting forward the idea of geopolitical framework of Arctic Route and the importance of the research on it, using the method of artificial fish-swarm algorithm ,the framework of Arctic Route was analyzed. And the result indicates that there are 3 classes for the arctic route geopolitics, they are the national group which is formed by 27 nations and the main country is the USA, the national group which is formed by 19 nations and the main country is Russia, and the national group which is formed by other 47 nations includes UK. The simulation experience indicates that the method of artificial fish-warm algorithm is available for the analysis of geopolitical framework of Arctic Route and the result would provide references for the country to make the strategy on the arctic route geopolitics.