论文

’98嫩江、松花江洪水与流域综合管理

展开
  • 1. 中国科学院长春地理研究所 长春 130021;
    2. 水利部松辽流域水资源保护局 长春 130021;
    3. 国家环境保护总局松辽流域水资源保护局 长春 130021

收稿日期: 1998-10-10

  修回日期: 1998-12-05

  网络出版日期: 1999-01-20

THE FLOOD OF THE NENJIANG RIVER AND THE SONGHUA RIVER IN 1998 AND THE COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE RIVER VALLEY

Expand
  • 1. Changchun Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Changchun 130021;
    2. Song Liao River Basin Water Protection Bureau, Changchun 130021

Received date: 1998-10-10

  Revised date: 1998-12-05

  Online published: 1999-01-20

摘要

1998年夏季,嫩江、松花江流域发生历史罕见的洪水。此次洪水主要特征是水位高、水量大、持续时间长、灾情严重。由于嫩江支流相继发生洪水,致使嫩江干流出现三次较大的洪峰。农作物受灾面积456×104hm2,倒塌房屋115×104间,直接经济损失超过300×108元。洪灾的主要原因是雨量大、汛期长,土地利用不合理,区域生态环境退化,缺乏控制性水利工程。亟需开展流域综合管理工作,加强水利工程建设,尤其是控制性水利工程建设,发展生态安全型农业。

本文引用格式

吕宪国, 张为中 . ’98嫩江、松花江洪水与流域综合管理[J]. 地理科学, 1999 , 19(1) : 10 -14 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.10

Abstract

In the summer of 1998, an exceptionally serious flood, with the characteristics of high water level, large volume of flow, long duration and serious losses caused by the disaster, occurred in the Nenjiang River valley and the Songhua River valley. Greater flood peak occurred three times in the trunk stream of the Nenjiang River due to the floods occurred in its tributaries one after another. At Jiangqiao Hydrometric Station, the water level was 141.90 m and the rate of flow was 12000 m3/s. The flood is ranged to a catastrophic one which occurs once in 50 years. Ranged to a catastrophic flood at Qiqihar Hydrometric Station that occurs once in 400 years, its water level, 0.89 m higher than the former all time high, was 149.30 m and the corresponding rate of flow was 14800 m3/s. The water level that exceeded the all time high lasted for 7 days. At Harbin Hydrometric Station, the water level, 0.59 m higher than the former all time high, was 120.89 m and the corresponding rate of flow was 17400 m3/s. The water level that exceeded the all time high lasted for 9 to 10 days. The flood here is ranged to a catastrophic one which occurs once in 150 years. The flood of the Nenjiang River damaged 456?104 hm2 of crops and 1.15 million rooms and the direct loss of economy exceeded 30 billion yuan (RMB). The main reasons of the flood are the great rainfall, the long flood season, the unreasonable land use, the regional ecological environment degradation and the lack of water control projects. It is obvious that the following measures are greatly needed: the comprehensive management of the river valleys; making development planning of the river valleys; strengthening water conservancy projects, especially the water control projects; the development of agriculture based on ecological security.

参考文献

1. Kovner J. L. Evapotranspirat ion and water yields following forest cutting and natural regrowth. Proceedings of the Society of American Foresters, 1956. 106-110
2. Hew lett J. D., Hibbert A. R. Increase in water yield after several types of forest cutting. Quarterly Bullet in of the International Association of Scientific Hydrology, 1961, 6: 5-16
3. Hew lett J. D., Helvey J. D. Effects of forest clear-felling on the storm hydrograph. Water Resources Research, 1970, 6: 768-782
4. 陈灵芝. 中国退化生态系统的类型及其成因. 见: 陈灵芝, 陈伟烈主编. 中国退化生态系统研究. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1995. 43
5. 中国自然资源丛书编撰委员会编著. 中国自然资源丛书(黑龙江卷). 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1995.19~36
6. 陈刚起, 张文芬. 三江平原沼泽对河川径流影响的初步探讨. 地理科学, 1982. 2(3) : 254~263
7. 张养贞. 三江平原沼泽土壤的发生、性质与分类. 地理科学, 1981,1(2) : 171~180
8. 陈刚起. 三江平原沼泽径流的实验研究. 见: 黄锡畴主编. 中国沼泽研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 1988. 120~125
9. 马学慧, 杨青, 刘银良. 三江平原沼泽开垦前后土壤水分物理特性的变化. 见: 陈刚起主编. 三江平原沼泽研究. 北京: 科学出版社,1996. 52~59
10. 吕金福, 李志民, 冷雪天, 等. 松嫩平原湖泊的分类与分区. 地理科学, 1998, 18(6) : 524~530
11. 刘兴土. 松嫩 三江平原湿地资源及其可持续利用. 地理科学,1997, 17(增刊) : 453
12. Liu Hongyu. Conservat ion of wetlands especially as w at erfowl habitat in Nort heast China. Chinese G eographical Science, 1998, 8(3) : 28-288
13. 牛焕光, 张养贞. 东北地区沼泽. 见: 黄锡畴主编. 中国沼泽研究.北京: 科学出版社, 1988. 46~57
文章导航

/