长江三峡大宁河流域张家湾东周—汉代古遗址的孢粉学和沉积学等分析结果表明3 000年来该区环境演变与人类活动的互动影响。连续的孢粉和粒度记录证实,该区古人类活动初期处于暖湿的气候,东周—汉代时期转变为温凉略干的温带气候。东周—汉代后,该区经历了一次规模较大的大宁河洪水泛滥期,导致汉代文化层中断。此后不久,由于人类活动剧烈,自然植被严重破坏,水土流失比较严重,山洪灾害频繁,导致汉代之后该区没有连续的文化层堆积,而由于短暂洪水暴发引起大面积坡面片流,导致坡积物的大量堆积。汉代之后该区频繁的洪涝灾害和山洪灾害体现了人地关系的复杂性。

Palynology and sedimentology research on Zhangjiawan site in Daning valley, the Three Gorges of Changjiang River during East Zhou to Han Dynasties show the relation between environment evolution and human activity in this region over 3000 years. There was warm-humid climate when man dwelled on this place at first. During East Zhou to Han Dynasties there were warm-cold and a little arid climate. After this stage,a transient large-scale deluge took place in this area. After that,human activity became more active, natural plants were destroyed severely, water and soil lost largely, and mountain torrent became frequent which resulted in that there weren't continuous cultural fault after Han dynasty. But a lot of debris talus materials were accumulated resulting from mountain torrent.