吉林省工业化、城镇化与农业现代化关系实证分析
作者简介:姜会明(1963-),男,吉林公主岭人,教授,主要从事区域经济与农村发展研究。E-mail: jhm573@163.com
收稿日期: 2011-07-19
要求修回日期: 2012-04-10
网络出版日期: 2012-05-20
基金资助
吉林省科技厅项目(20100605)资助
Empirical Analysis on the Relationship Among Industrialization, Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization in Jilin Province
Received date: 2011-07-19
Request revised date: 2012-04-10
Online published: 2012-05-20
Copyright
工业化、城镇化和农业现代化相互影响,三者相互促进、相辅相成,有着内在的逻辑关系。通过建立吉林省工业化、城镇化和农业现代化评价指标体系,基于1991~2009年时间序列数据利用因子分析法计算了吉林省工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的发展指数,三条发展指数曲线相互交错,趋势基本相同,尤其是工业化和城镇化水平都在不断进步。但从三者对比来看,三化之间不同步现象明显,出现脱节现象。进而对其进行多变量协整检验,结果表明:“三化” 在时间上并非同步而生,工业化的进步会滞后一期引起城镇化水平和农业现代化水平提高,工业化对“三化”的拉动作用在短期内立即体现,长期内需要工业化水平的不断提高才能为“三化”的进步提供源源不断的动力。农业现代化水平的提高也会促进城镇化水平提高,但是需要滞后三期才会体现。据此提出“三化”统筹的基本思路是“用农业化范式发展工业化”,“用工业化范式发展农业现代化”,“用工农业融合集聚发展城镇化”。
姜会明 , 王振华 . 吉林省工业化、城镇化与农业现代化关系实证分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(5) : 591 -595 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.05.591
Industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization have the inner logical relationship and influence each other. The orchestrating of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization is not only the regional coordination of urban and rural areas, but also the industrial coordination of agriculture and industry. This article sets up the index system to evaluate the industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization in Jilin Province. Based on the time series data of Jilin Province in 1991-2009, the factor analysis method is empoyed to calculate the evaluation indexes. The result shows that the three lines of evaluation indexes interlace with each other but the trends are nearly the same, and especially the unceasing progress trends of industrialization and urbanization are obvious. From the point of view of contrast, the phenomenon of asynchrony is obvious. This article further makes the multivariate cointegration test for the evaluation indexes. The results examine that the industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization do not start synchronously, and industrialization could promote urbanization and agricultural modernization with one year lagged. It means that the industrialization could pull the urbanization and agricultural modernization in the short term. In another word, it is necessary to get the steady promotion of industrialization in the long term, and only the continuous improvement can provide an uninterrupted power to pull the urbanization and agricultural modernization. The improvement of agricultural modernization could also pull the urbanization, but the influence would be revealed three years later, which means that the agricultural modernization could pull the urbanization in the long term and it is different to the cycle of action of industrialization to urbanization. This article gives the explanation that the promotion of industrialization level could drive the development of industrial zone immediately and then cause the gathering of human capital, capital and material resources, and promote the level of urbanization. The promotion of agricultural modernization level could drive the transfer of surplus labor, and gradually expand the demand scale of agricultural production materials, promot the level of urbanization in the long term. Finally, this article puts forward the development thought of orchestrating of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization in Jilin Province. We should use the agricultural paradigm to improve the level of industrialization, use the integration industrial paradigm to improve the level of agricultural modernization, and use the paradigm of agglomeration and integration between industry and agriculture to improve the level of urbanization.
Table 1 Industiralization, urbannization and agricultural modernization index system表1 工业化、城镇化和农业现代化发展评价指标体系 |
一级指标 | 二级指标 |
---|---|
工业化评价指标 (A) | 人均GDP(元)A1 |
工业化率(%)A2 | |
第二产业就业比重(%)A3 | |
工业劳动生产率(元/人)A4 | |
电话普及率(部/百人)A5 | |
单位工业增加值能耗(t标准煤/万元) A6 | |
城市登记失业率(%)A7 | |
城镇化评价指标(B) | 非农业就业比重(%)B1 |
城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入(元)B2 | |
人均拥有道路面积(m2)B3 | |
城乡恩格尔系数比(%)B4 | |
城市化率(%)B5 | |
人口自然增长率(‰)B6 | |
人均GDP(元)B7 | |
第三产业产值比重(%)B8 | |
每万人口职业医师数(人)B9 | |
城乡居住面积比(%)B10 | |
农业现代化评价 指标(C) | 单位耕地农机动力 (kw/ha) C1 |
有效灌溉率( %) C2 | |
单位耕地用电量 (kw/ha) C3 | |
第一产业就业比重 (%)C4 | |
第一产业产值比重 (%)C5 | |
粮食土地生产率 (kg/ha) C6 | |
人均农产品(粮食)占有量(kg)C7 | |
农村居民每百户拥有移动电话(部)C8 | |
农村每十万人口初中以上在校生数(人) C9 | |
农村居民家庭人均纯收入(元)C10 | |
固定资产投资中农村占比重(%)C11 |
Table 2 Descriptive statistics of data of index system表2 评价体系指标原始数据统计描述 |
样本量 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 均值 | 标准差 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 19 | 1878.00 | 26595.00 | 9581.6842 | 7161.6489 |
A2 | 19 | 33.60 | 41.97 | 37.4158 | 8.70206 |
A3 | 19 | 0.17 | 0.29 | 0.2213 | 0.04191 |
A4 | 19 | 5985.26 | 135291.1 | 46042.52 | 619.3165 |
A5 | 19 | 1.00 | 78.90 | 29.5211 | 29.24625 |
A6 | 19 | 0.809 | 2.708 | 1.771 | 0.64517 |
A7 | 19 | 1.80 | 4.30 | 3.2632 | 0.82274 |
B1 | 19 | 44.45 | 53.32 | 49.4021 | 3.0670 |
B2 | 19 | 1395.36 | 14006.27 | 6065.6574 | 3774.5061 |
B3 | 19 | 3.80 | 10.99 | 6.2500 | 2.2380 |
B4 | 19 | 0.79 | 0.95 | 0.8479 | 0.0487 |
B5 | 19 | 42.3 | 53.32 | 48.86 | 1.32860 |
B6 | 19 | 1.61 | 7.84 | 4.1521 | 2.1976 |
B7 | 19 | 1878.00 | 26595.00 | 9581.6842 | 7161.6489 |
B8 | 19 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.3111 | 0.0415 |
B9 | 19 | 18.50 | 23.50 | 21.4526 | 1.2094 |
B10 | 19 | 0.39 | 1.24 | 0.6942 | 0.3016 |
C1 | 19 | 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.2389 | 0.0770 |
C2 | 19 | 904.40 | 1683.70 | 1300.5737 | 311.6819 |
C3 | 19 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.0056 | 0.0007 |
C4 | 19 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.4673 | 0.0219 |
C5 | 19 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.2115 | 0.0491 |
C6 | 19 | 0.49 | 0.70 | 0.5781 | 0.0559 |
C7 | 19 | 0.62 | 1.05 | 0.8494 | 0.1134 |
C8 | 19 | 1.00 | 78.90 | 29.5211 | 29.2463 |
C9 | 19 | 620.00 | 2695.00 | 1278.4737 | 820.0689 |
C10 | 19 | 748.33 | 5265.91 | 2509.1900 | 1291.8440 |
C11 | 19 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.1334 | 0.0309 |
Fig. 1 Indexes of industiralization, urbannization and agricultural modernization in Jilin Province图1 吉林省工业化、城镇化与农业现代化发展指数 |
Table 3 ADF test of industiralization, urbannization and agricultural modernization indexes表3 吉林省“三化”数值ADF单位根检验结果 |
变 量 | 水平值检验 | 一阶差分值检验 | 整合阶数 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
检验形式 | ADF统计量 | 显著性 | 滞后阶数 | 检验形式 | ADF统计量 | 显著性 | 滞后阶数 | ||
工业化水平发展指数 | (C,N) | 0.2721 | - | 0 | (C,N) | -4.145763 | *** | 0 | I(1) |
农业现代化水平发展指数 | (C,N) | -1.3290 | - | 2 | (C,N) | 0.0982 | * | 0 | I(1) |
城镇化水平发展指数 | (C,N) | 0.0093 | - | 1 | (C,N) | -6.85587 | *** | 0 | I(1) |
注:检验形式中(C,N)表示所设的建议方程有截距项但无时间趋势,显著性中“***,**,*,-”分别表示1%,5%,10%,及10%以上显著水平,滞后阶数由SIC最小原则确定,I(1)表示一阶单整。 |
Table 4 Cointegration test of industiralization, urbannization and agricultural modernization indexes表4 吉林省“三化”数值协整检验结果 |
非约束迹检验 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
方程1 | 方程2 | 方程3 | 方程4 | |||||
假定CE个数 | trace统计量 | 概率P值 | trace统计量 | 概率P值 | trace统计量 | 概率P值 | trace统计量 | 概率P值 |
0 | 47.5989 | 0.0000* | 66.1583 | 0.0000* | 47.4958 | 0.0002* | 84.9692 | 0.0000* |
≤1 | 19.4627 | 0.0027* | 37.9163 | 0.0001* | 19.8934 | 0.0102* | 32.0930 | 0.0074* |
≤2 | 4.0123 | 0.0536 | 13.8927 | 0.0060* | 1.3035 | 0.2536 | 10.4549 | 0.1080 |
非约束最大特征值检验 | ||||||||
方程1 | 方程2 | 方程3 | 方程4 | |||||
假定CE个数 | λ-max统计量 | 概率P值 | λ-max统计量 | 概率P值 | λ-max统计量 | 概率P值 | λ-max统计量 | 概率P值 |
0 | 28.1362 | 0.0010* | 28.2420 | 0.0066* | 27.6024 | 0.0053* | 52.8762 | 0.0000* |
≤1 | 15.4504 | 0.0086* | 24.0236 | 0.0021* | 18.5899 | 0.0097* | 21.6381 | 0.0232* |
≤2 | 4.0123 | 0.0536 | 13.8927 | 0.0060* | 1.3035 | 0.2536 | 10.4549 | 0.1080 |
注:① 方程1为方程无截距、序列无趋势,方程2为方程有截距、序列无趋势,方程3为序列有趋势但方程只含截距,方程4为方程和序列都有趋势;② 表格中加*表示在5%或10%显著性水平下拒绝原假设,即Granger因果关系成立。 |
Table 5 Granger causality analysis of industiralization, urbannization and agricultural modernization indexes表5 吉林省“三化”数值因果关系分析结果 |
原假设 | 滞后1期 | 滞后2期 | 滞后3期 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
显著性 | 检验结论 | 显著性 | 检验结论 | 显著性 | 检验结论 | |
工业化不是城镇化的Granger原因 | 0.09032 | 拒绝* | 0.20586 | 接受 | 0.41092 | 接受 |
城镇化不是工业化的Granger原因 | 0.11121 | 接受 | 0.36042 | 接受 | 0.46222 | 接受 |
农业现代化不是城镇化的Granger原因 | 0.41567 | 接受 | 0.53549 | 接受 | 0.08865 | 拒绝* |
城镇化不是农业现代化的Granger原因 | 0.29111 | 接受 | 0.3690 | 接受 | 0.59899 | 接受 |
农业现代化不是工业化的Granger原因 | 0.57968 | 接受 | 0.47058 | 接受 | 0.15007 | 接受 |
工业化不是农业现代化的Granger原因 | 0.03032 | 拒绝* | 0.13012 | 接受 | 0.30732 | 接受 |
注:表格中加*表示在5%或10%显著性水平下拒绝原假设,即Granger因果关系成立。 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
吉林省统计局.吉林统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,1991~2009.
|
[19] |
|
/
〈 | 〉 |