滹沱河上游山区近50年蒸散变化及主要影响因子分析
作者简介:张瑞钢(1980-),男,山西朔州人,博士,主要从事水文模拟方面的研究。E-mail: zhangrg.08b@igsnrr.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2011-07-01
要求修回日期: 2011-11-11
网络出版日期: 2012-05-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(31171451)、973 基础研究项目(2010CB428404)资助
The Trend and the Principal Influence Factors of Evapotranspiration in Hutuo River Basin During Last 50 Years
Received date: 2011-07-01
Request revised date: 2011-11-11
Online published: 2012-05-20
Copyright
张瑞钢 , 莫兴国 , 林忠辉 . 滹沱河上游山区近50年蒸散变化及主要影响因子分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(5) : 628 -634 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.05.628
It is important for both understanding the hydrological rules and managing the water resources to estimate the evapotranspiration accurately in a basin as well as master the trends of both itself and the principal influence factors. This paper calculated the annual evapotranspiration in the upstream mountain areas of Hutuo River Basin in North China during 1958-2007 by Fu Baopu formula, and analyzed the trend, the abruption and the principal influence factors of the evapotranspiration. The result shows that the Fu Baopu formula can estimate the evapotranspiration satisfactorily. In the past 50 years, the evapotranspiration in Hutuo River basin had a decreasing trend (α=0.05). Precipitation influenced the evapotranspiration strongly, while the potential evapotranspiration has little effect on it. In some of the researched area, relatively humidity also had significant influence (α=0.05). The averaged trends of the studied factors are: annual potential evapotranspiration, annual-averaged daily wind speed, hours of sunshine, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure decreased significantly, annual precipitation decreased non-significantly, annual-averaged daily maximal, mean, minimal temperature increased significantly (α=0.05). The factors and the difference between their multi-year averaged values before and after significant abruptions are: annual potential evapotranspiration decreased 70.30mm. Daily wind speed and hours of sunshine decreased 0.53 m/s and 0.52 h/d, respectively. Daily maximal, mean, minimal temperature increased 1.09、0.95、1.14℃, respectively. Evapotranspiration and precipitation had no abruptions. The sub-basin averaged geological locations, elevations, land cover, and NDVI do not influence the evapotranspiration significantly within the whole basin.
Key words: evapotranspiration; influence factors; trend analysis; Hutuo River
Fig.1 The upstream basin of Hutuo River and the studied sub-basins图1 滹沱河上游流域及研究用子流域分布 |
Table 1 Results of calibration and validation of ω (calibration/validation)表1 ω率定及验证结果(率定/验证) |
流域 | 面积(km2) | ω | MB(%) | MAE(mm) | RMSE(mm) | NSE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全流域 | 15915 | 2.45 | 0.32/1.02 | 20.71/24.28 | 24.97/28.97 | 0.86/0.79 |
芦庄 | 729 | 2.1 | 0.48/4.92 | 20.13/27.34 | 23.68/38.59 | 0.82/0.65 |
豆罗桥 | 714 | 2.35 | 1.61/-2.04 | 30.04/27.53 | 36.54/34.24 | 0.71/0.74 |
会里 | 477 | 2.45 | -0.28/3.85 | 21.15/22.32 | 27.4/32.6 | 0.83/0.56 |
南坡 | 2255 | 2.35 | 0.59/4.90 | 12.6/30.74 | 27.4/36.03 | 0.93/0.61 |
王家会 | 334 | 2.05 | -0.36/-3.38 | 27.67/30.66 | 34.65/36.99 | 0.55/0.53 |
Fig.2 Comparison between the simulated and observed water balance of annual evapotranspiration图2 模拟和实测值比较 |
Table 2 Trend and abruption of the meteorological factors(phase trends and significant point are recorded respectively across the turning point)表2 各因子趋势和突变点(对趋势转折点前后分别统计阶段趋势和显著点) |
E | E0 | P | Tm | Tmx | Tmn | Sun | Um | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
突变点年份 (年) | 无 | 1979 | 无 | 1996 | 1994 | 2001 | 1987 | 1983 |
平均变幅(β) | -0.93 | -1.16 | -1.24 | 0.0225 | 0.0271 | 0.0205 | -0.0191 | -0.0159 |
趋势转折点年份 | 无 | 1979 | 1960 | 1994 | 1990 | 1998 | 1976 | 1983 |
阶段趋势 | 降 | 无,降 | 升,降 | 降,升 | 降,升 | 降,升 | 升,降 | 升,降 |
显著点(0.05),年份 | 1962 | 无,1989 | 无 | 1971,2001 | 无,2001 | 1972,2004 | 无,1989 | 无,1987 |
Fig.3 Climatic change trends and abrupt points of Hutuo River Basin图3 滹沱河流域气候变化趋势 |
Fig. 4 Relations between ∂E/∂E0 and E0/P(a), ∂E/∂P and E0/P (b) in Hutuo River Basin图4 滹沱河流域∂E/∂E0、∂E/∂P与E0/P的关系 |
Table 3 The partial regression coefficients between the meteorological factors and factual evapotranspiration (α=0.05,—non-significant)表3 各气象因子与实际蒸散的偏回归系数α=0.05,-不显著 |
因子 | 全流域 | 豆罗桥 | 芦庄 | 会里 | 南坡 | 王家会 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | 1.02 | 1.025 | 0.995 | 1.033 | 0.996 | 0.994 |
Rh | -0.038 | -0.041 | - | -0.056 | - | - |
Fig.5 Variations of evapotranspiration with ω under different precipitation scenarios in Hutuo River Basin图5 滹沱河流域E随ω的变化曲线 |
Fig.6 Relation between ω and elevation (a), ω and NDVI (b)图6 高程、NDVI与ω的关系 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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