黄河三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局空间演变分析
作者简介:王永丽(1984-),女,山东临沂人,博士研究生,主要从事湿地生态过程研究工作。E-mail:ylwang@yic.ac.cn
收稿日期: 2011-07-12
要求修回日期: 2012-03-20
网络出版日期: 2012-06-20
基金资助
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 (KZCX2-YW-223
KZCX2-YW-359)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903001)
“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC02B01)
中国科学院国家外国专家局创新团队国际合作伙伴计划项目和中国科学院百人计划项目(O929051041)资助
Spatial Evolution of Landscape Pattern of Coastal Wetlands in Yellow River Delta
Received date: 2011-07-12
Request revised date: 2012-03-20
Online published: 2012-06-20
Copyright
利用GIS技术、RS影像和Fragstats3.3等景观统计软件,从景观面积变化、景观斑块特征和景观整体水平格局等方面,对比研究了黄河三角洲2000年和2009年湿地不同时空尺度的景观格局变化。结果表明:10 a间黄河三角洲滨海湿地海岸线和陆地面积整体呈增长趋势,天然湿地面积急剧减少,平均分维数大部分降低,湿地景观破碎度降低,多样性和均匀性指数增加,蔓延度指数增加。湿地景观格局指数的变化反映了旱田及水田的大面积种植,盐田养殖业的大力发展以及石油开采等人为活动对景观格局的深刻影响,人类活动已经成为黄河三角洲滨海湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。
王永丽 , 于君宝 , 董洪芳 , 栗云召 , 周迪 , 付玉芹 , 韩广轩 , 毛培利 . 黄河三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局空间演变分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012 , 32(6) : 717 -724 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.06.717
Wetland ecosystem is a special natural complex under the interaction between land and water. Its functions are mainly decided by landscape pattern.With the support of GIS technology, RS images and Frag-stats3.3 statistical software, this paper studied the changes of wetland landscape pattern of costal wetlands in Yellow River Delta including the size of landscape area, landscape patch characteristics and the overall level of landscape pattern under different temporal-spatial scales of the Yellow River Delta in 2000 and 2009. The results showed that the coastline length and the total area of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta show a rising trend as a whole in recent 10 years. The natural wetland area has a sharp reduction. Mean fractal dimension indices of the most landscape types are lower and the landscape fragmentation indices generally decrease. While the landscape diversity index, evenness index and contagion index all increase. Overall, the indices changes of wetlands landscape pattern reflect the profound impact from human activities including large-scale cultivation of dry farming fields and paddy fields, the development of salt farming industry and oil exploration, etc.. This study indicates that the human activities have become the main driving factor for landscape pattern changes in coastal wetland of Yellow River Delta. In the future, the coordinated development of the ecological environment protection and economic development should be focused on in the Yellow River Delta .
Fig.1 The geographic position of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta图1 研究区地理位置 |
Fig.2 Landscape type of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta in 2000(a) and 2009(b)图2 2000年(a)和2009年(b)黄河三角洲滨海湿地景观类型 |
Table 1 The change of coastal shoreline and area in Yellow River Delt表1 黄河三角洲海岸线长度与陆地面积变化 |
年份 | 海岸线长度(km) | 刁口段陆地面积(km2) | 河口段陆地面积(km2) |
---|---|---|---|
2000年 | 237.79 | 274.63 | 739.13 |
2009年 | 274.22 | 246.24 | 766.75 |
注:海岸线长度为整个研究区内黄河三角洲岸线;刁口段与河口区陆地面积分别指两个重点研究区的陆地面积。 |
Fig.3 The coastline and land change inYellow River Delta图3 黄河三角洲海岸线和陆地变迁 |
Table 2 The landscape structure of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta in 2000 and 2009表2 黄河三角洲滨海湿地景观类型结构 |
景观类型 | 2000年 | 2009年 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
面积(km2) 比例(%) | 面积(km2) 比例(%) | |||
滩涂 河库沟渠 苇草地 林草地 灌草地 农田 建筑用地 盐田养殖池 盐渍化湿地 | 477.78 125.96 208.82 60.87 493.44 507.74 24.34 52.48 161.73 | 22.61 5.96 9.88 2.88 23.35 24.01 1.15 2.48 7.65 | 381.23 141.84 162.88 78.48 269.00 590.62 37.94 212.92 248.90 | 17.95 6.68 7.70 3.70 12.67 27.80 1.79 10.03 11.72 |
Table 3 Landscape conversion matrix of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta from 2000 to 2009表3 2000~2009年黄河三角洲滨海湿地景观类型面积转移矩阵(km2) |
滩涂 | 河库沟渠 | 苇草地 | 林草地 | 灌草地 | 建筑用地 | 盐田养殖池 | 盐渍化湿地 | 旱田 | 水田 | 总计 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
滩涂 | 257.96 | 25.63 | 4.85 | 1.45 | 17.81 | 0.13 | 47.88 | 69.90 | 3.01 | 0.07 | 428.70 |
河库沟渠 | 20.44 | 43.17 | 14.33 | 1.92 | 8.43 | 2.08 | 8.46 | 9.28 | 12.97 | 0.03 | 121.11 |
苇草地 | 5.11 | 21.76 | 48.41 | 9.57 | 56.48 | 4.62 | 10.42 | 12.34 | 37.60 | 1.98 | 208.30 |
林草地 | 0.02 | 1.06 | 3.96 | 34.16 | 2.46 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 2.17 | 16.42 | 0.36 | 60.79 |
灌草地 | 9.10 | 19.67 | 55.52 | 7.25 | 130.90 | 3.68 | 70.18 | 67.54 | 124.69 | 4.62 | 493.14 |
建筑用地 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 2.11 | 0.30 | 1.60 | 15.22 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 3.94 | 0.08 | 24.32 |
盐田养殖池 | 2.07 | 0.16 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 46.58 | 1.55 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 52.10 |
盐渍化湿地 | 23.67 | 12.41 | 5.72 | 0.41 | 27.01 | 0.83 | 26.32 | 47.85 | 12.41 | 3.79 | 160.42 |
旱田 | 1.65 | 13.58 | 27.38 | 23.40 | 23.59 | 11.02 | 2.79 | 34.90 | 348.11 | 15.95 | 502.36 |
水田 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 2.10 | 1.69 | 4.03 |
总计 | 320.13 | 137.81 | 162.79 | 78.48 | 268.67 | 37.84 | 212.73 | 246.19 | 562.06 | 28.56 | 2055.27 |
注:元素Aij代表从2000年到2009年黄河三角洲滨海湿地景观类型i转化为j的面积。 |
Fig.4 The main characteristic indexes of landscape components of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta图4 黄河三角洲滨海湿地景观组分主要特征指数 |
Fig.5 Mean fractal dimension index of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta图5 黄河三角洲滨海湿地各景观类型的平均分维值 |
Fig.6 The landscape fragmentation index of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta图6 黄河三角洲滨海湿地各景观类型的破碎度指数 |
Table 4 Overall landscape pattern index of coastal wetland in Yellow River Delta表4 黄河三角洲滨海湿地整体景观格局指数 |
多样性指数 SIDI | 均匀度指数 SIEI | 破碎度指数 FN | 蔓延度指数 CONTAG | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000年 2009年 | 0.817 0.846 | 0.908 0.940 | 0.057 0.024 | 49.469 50.635 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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