关于区域产业布局模式的已有研究多是针对特定地区或特定产业的经验归纳,缺乏连续性和可比性。在综合性、典型性、独立性、可比性和可操作性原则的指导下,从中心性、分布集中性、空间集聚性和耦合关联性4个维度构建了表征产业布局模式的综合指标体系。以南充市2位数产业的模式分类为例,综合使用相关分析、聚类分析、因子分析、图谱分析等多元统计方法,结合定性分析,从4个维度分别归纳了其产业布局模式,进一步总结了单中心极度集中型、“中心-外围”均衡簇群型、点状散布型和人口依赖的遍在均衡型等4种产业布局的综合模式。指标体系的合理性和灵活性得到了实证检验。
Regional industrial layout patterns have drawn the attention of many geographers. Focusing on specific industry and (or)specific area, however, most of previous researches are lacking of continuity and comparability. A rational, comparable, and feasible index system is essential for describing and evaluating layout patterns of various industries in different areas. This paper tries to establish such an index system and estimate its rationality and feasibility through the followed case study. The index system is constructed to represent the industrial layout patterns from perspectives of centricity, inequality, spatial agglomeration, and correlation between observed industry and other industries and economic factors. Firstly, the proportion of employment in the center to that in the region and to that in the sub-center, are recommended to represent the centricity of the industrial layout. Secondly, the authors set up indices of ubiquity, measured by the proportion of subregions with one or more enterprises of the observed industry, and concentration ratio to represent the inequality of industrial distribution among subregions. The concentration ratio can also be estimated excluding the center. Thirdly, spatial agglomeration of an industry is measured by distances between the center and sub-centers and other industrial agglomeration areas, and distances among industrial agglomeration areas without regard to the center. Finally, it is also important for recognition of industrial layout patterns to investigate their relationship with the spatial distribution of other industries, population, land use and other socio-economic factors, which can be measured by Pearson correlation coefficient, similarity coefficient or grey relational degree. Taking Nanchong as a case, we classify 2-digital industries from the aforesaid perspectives respectively with quantitative analysis methods. At last, four typical comprehensive patterns of industrial layout are concluded. The case study provides evidence for rationality and flexibility of the index system, which can also be used in industrial layout pattern recognition and classification in all kinds of areas, at different times and on multi-scales.
[1] 甄 峰,顾朝林.广东省区域空间结构及其调控研究[J].人文地理,2000,15(4):10~15.
[2] 马延吉,佟连军.哈大产业带产业空间构建与产业布局[J].地理科学,2003,23(4):422~426.
[3] 杨万钟.21世纪上海产业布局模式[J].地理学报,1997,52(2):113~422.
[4] 关 伟,胡艳慧.基于市域范围的高新技术产业布局模式研究[J].人文地理,2008,23(3):92~96.
[5] 方创琳.中国城市化进程中的风能资源开发与非并网风电产业基地空间布局模式[J].资源科学,2008,30(11):1602~1611.
[6] 刘 慧.区域差异测度方法与评价[J].地理研究,2006,25(4):710~718.
[7] 刘树成,张晓晶.中国经济持续高增长的特点和地区间经济差异的缩小[J].经济研究,2007,42(10):17~31.
[8] 吴铮争,吴殿廷,袁 俊,等.中国汽车产业地理集中及其影响因素研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(1):116~121.
[9] 谈明洪,吕昌河.以建成区面积表征的中国城市规模分布[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):285~293.
[10] 靳 诚,徐 菁,陆玉麒.长三角城市旅游规模差异及其位序规模体系的构建[J].经济地理,2007,27(4):676~680.
[11] Clark W A V,Hosking P L.Statistical Methods for Geographers[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons,1986.
[12] 郭仁忠.空间分析(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[13] 毛政元,李 霖.空间模式的测度及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[14] 王远飞,何洪林.空间数据分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[15] U.S.Bureau of the Census.Centers of Population Computation for 1950,1960,1970,1980,1990 and 2000[R].Washington,DC,April,2001.
[16] 孟 斌,王劲峰,张文忠,等.基于空间分析方法的中国区域差异研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(4):393~400.
[17] 曹广忠,刘 涛.北京市制造业就业分布重心变动研究——基于基本单位普查数据的分析[J].城市发展研究,2007,(6):8~14.
[18] 邱 灵,申玉铭,任旺兵.北京生产性服务业与制造业的关联及空间分布[J].地理学报,2008,63(12):1299~1310.
[19] 赵作权.地理空间分布整体统计研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(1):1~8.
[20] Streit M E.Spatial associations and economic linkages between industries[J].Journal of Regional Science,1969,9(2):177-188.
[21] 吴玉鸣.中国经济增长与收入分配的空间计量经济分析[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005.
