玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应
作者简介:杜建括(1985-),男,山东聊城人,博士,主要从事冰川变化研究。E-mail:djklzu2008@163.com
收稿日期: 2012-09-10
要求修回日期: 2012-11-09
网络出版日期: 2013-07-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(40971019,41273010)、国家自然科学基础人才培养基金冰川冻土学特殊学科点项目(11J0930003)资助
Response of Modern Monsoon Temperate Glacier to Climate Change in Yulong Mountain
Received date: 2012-09-10
Request revised date: 2012-11-09
Online published: 2013-07-20
Copyright
杜建括 , 辛惠娟 , 何元庆 , 牛贺文 , 蒲焘 , 曹伟宏 , 张涛 . 玉龙雪山现代季风温冰川对气候变化的响应[J]. 地理科学, 2013 , 33(7) : 890 -896 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.07.890
Sensitive responding to climate change is the most remarkable feature of monsoon temperate glaciers, as the most direct and brightest indicator of climate change it would substantially go forward or backward by a weak change of temperature. This article selects Yulong Mountain as research region, which is the southernmost temperate glacier region at present in China and Eurasian continent. Based on field observation data and remote sensing data, combining previous research results, the response process of Yulong Mountain to climatic change is emphatically analyzed. Additionally, this article especially studies the area, shape, temperature, width, and terminus etc variation of Baishui No.1 glacier, and discusses the main causes of glacial changes. The result was as follows: 1) Glaciers retreat was continuous and obvious in Yulong Mountain. Compared with 19 glaciers with total area of 11.6 km2 in 1957, 6 glaciers had disappeared completely, and only 13 glaciers exist at present, with a total area of 5.30 km2 in 2001 and 4.42 km2 in 2009. The changing rate of glacier area was -1.19% in 1957-2009, which was much faster than that of other typical glacier region in China. 2) Compared with 1982, the quantity of the Baishui No.1glacier crevasses increased and their scales also extend in the context of global climate change, the body of glacier had ruptured on the firn basin. A series of massive crevasses had formed on the glacier surface since 2011. Meanwhile, the ice river/lake had appeared since 2008, glacial ablation was much intense. 3) The glacier terminus elevation displayed rising state overall in 1982-2011, and the rising amplitude had increased since 1999. The retreat speed of Baishui No.1 glacier was 8.8 m/a in 1982-2011, and increased to 13.8 m/a in 1999-2011. 4) The lowest temperature from glacier surface to 8 m depth at the ablation area was -0.8℃ in 1982, and rising to -0.39℃ in 2009. Rising glacier temperature caused melt speed of the ice accelerate and mass balance loss intensifying. 5) The accelerating glacier ablation and rising temperature result in ice body freezing capacity and the stability of periglacial rock mass decreasing obviously, which ultimately leads to the ice/rock collapse happening in the appropriate circumstances, and it is the right examples that two collapse events happened in Yanggongjiang No.5 glacier in March, 2004 and October, 2009. 6) The temperature and precipitation generally showed an increasing trend in 1951-2011 in Lijiang, improving temperature tendency is 0.14℃/10 a, precipitation tendency was 9.0 mm/10 a. But the increasing amount of precipitation cannot counteract mass wastage caused by rising temperature. The glacier retreat of Yulong Mountain mainly ascribed to climate warming.
Table 1 Area change of Yulong Mountain glacier based on remote sensing monitoring in 1957-2009表1 1957~2009年遥感监测的玉龙雪山冰川面积变化 |
流域 | 冰川编号 | 1957年 | 2001年 | 2009年 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
冰川面积(km2) | 冰川面积(km2) | 面积变化率(%) | 冰川面积(km2) | 面积变化率(%) | ||
漾弓江 | 1 | 0.76 | 0 | -100 | 0 | -100 |
2 | 0.46 | 0 | -100 | 0 | -100 | |
3 | 0.08 | 0.062 | -23 | 0.061 | -24 | |
4 | 0.42 | 0.265 | -37 | 0.243 | -42 | |
5 | 0.72 | 0.052 | -93 | 0.024 | -97 | |
白水河 | 1 | 1.52 | 1.361 | -10 | 1.229 | -19 |
2 | 0.2 | 0.214 | 7 | 0.170 | -15 | |
3 | 0.26 | 0.215 | -17 | 0.140 | -46 | |
4 | 0.21 | 0.097 | -54 | 0.080 | -62 | |
5 | 0.59 | 0.176 | -70 | 0.136 | -77 | |
6 | 0.93 | 0.253 | -73 | 0.176 | -81 | |
大具沟 | 1 | 1.22 | 1.039 | -15 | 0.880 | -28 |
2 | 1.9 | 1.321 | -31 | 1.103 | -42 | |
3 | 0.86 | 0.235 | -73 | 0.177 | -79 | |
4 | 0.73 | 0 | -100 | 0 | -100 | |
仁河 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.012 | -69 | 0.005 | -88 |
2 | 0.28 | 0 | -100 | 0 | -100 | |
3 | 0.32 | 0 | -100 | 0 | -100 | |
4 | 0.11 | 0 | -100 | 0 | -100 | |
总计 | 11.61 | 5.30 | -54 | 4.42 | -62 |
Fig.1 Retreat images of Baishui No.1 glacier terminus since 1982图1 1982以来白水1号冰川末端退缩照片 |
Fig.2 Ice temperature distribution of 0-8 m deep from the glacier surface in ablation area of Baishui No.1 glacier图2 白水1号冰川消融区0~8 m冰温分布 |
Fig.3 Variation of annual average temperature in 1951-2011 in Lijiang City (a), and Mann-Kendall statistic curve (Straight line display critical value with significant level of a=0.05) (b)图3 1951~2011年丽江市年均气温变化(a)及Mann-Kendall统计量曲线(直线为a=0.05显著性水平临界值)(b) |
Fig.4 Variation of annual precipitation in 1951-2011 in Lijiang City (a), and its Mann-Kendall statistic curve (Straight line display critical value with significant level of a=0.05) (b)图4 1951~2011年丽江市年降水量年际变化(a)及其Mann-Kendall统计量曲线(直线为a=0.05显著性水平临界值)(b) |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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