中国县域交通优势度与农村发展的空间协同性及影响机制解析
作者简介:杨忍(1984-),男,贵州毕节人,博士,讲师,主要从事乡村转型重构及规划、城乡转型与村镇规划、土地利用规划管理及GIS应用研究。E-mail:yangren0514@163.com
收稿日期: 2015-10-30
要求修回日期: 2016-02-01
网络出版日期: 2016-07-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41401190)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(15lgpy34、15lgjc38)资助
Spatial Coupling Cooperative Analysis of Transport Superiority and Rural Development in China
Received date: 2015-10-30
Request revised date: 2016-02-01
Online published: 2016-07-20
Supported by
National Nature Science Foundation of China (41401190), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (15lgpy34, 15lgjc38)
Copyright
利用综合评价、耦合协调度、空间滞后模型(SLR)等模型,对2000~2010年的中国分县农村综合发展水平及2010年的分县道路交通优势度进行综合测度,解析其两者的空间耦合协同特征,并探索道路交通对农村发展的影响机制。结果表明:① 2000~2010年,中国分县的农村综合发展水平的东、中、西差异格局未突破,农村综合发展水平整体提升了33.20%。东部地区的农村发展进入优化整合提升阶段,中、西部地区在政策、产业转移、城镇化、工业化等驱动下农村综合水平提升较快,乡村多维空间历经转型重构。② 2010年,县域道路交通优势度呈现出典型的“点-轴”的地域结构特征,存在东、中、西部和交通枢纽中心地与外围地区之间的地域差异,其与农村发展水平耦合协同性整体较差,处于轻度失调以下状态占县(区)总数的88.25%,西部地区协调度普遍低于0.40,交通发展与农村发展协同性较好地域集中于东部沿海地域和道路交通优势极核及轴带的县(区)。 ③ 道路交通等级、密度、可介入性等影响农村综合发展。道路密度对农村发展正向影响较大,国道、省道、县道沿途邻近可进入性强,对农村综合发展有积极促进作用;高速公路和铁路有景观生态学“廓道”性质,空间上起连通作用,结构的不可穿越性,封闭性影响可介入性,高速公路的出入口和火车站空间布局对农村发展影响显得尤为重要。④ 地级市交通中心地对农村发展带动影响明显,大城市的强聚集能力易促成周边县区的农村发展“灯下黑”的地域结构特征。道路交通设施建设的等级、阶段对农村发展的传导效应及区域交通建设的超前或滞后的科学判断核心理论,将是人文经济地理学及乡村地理学亟待关注的重要领域。
杨忍 , 徐茜 , 余昌达 . 中国县域交通优势度与农村发展的空间协同性及影响机制解析[J]. 地理科学, 2016 , 36(7) : 1017 -1026 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.07.007
This article examined the coupling characteristics and effect mechanism for rural development and transport infrastructure. Based on socio-economic data, road traffic vector data, using the comprehensive evaluation model, spatial lag model (SLR) and coupled coordination degree model, the rural development level and transport superiority were comprehensively examined in 2000 and 2010, in order to reveal regional structural features of both. Main results for this study are as follows: 1) The regional differences of rural development have not been changed recent the last 10 years, as differences in the eastern, central and western China. The rural comprehensive development level was upgraded by 33.2%, while rural development rate has stabilized in rural areas of the eastern region. However, rural development rate was rapid promotion in the Midwest region of China during 2000 to 2010, because of policy support, industries transferring, urbanization and industrialization. 2) The point-axis spatial structure of transport superiority distribution was significant in China in 2010, which the capital of the prefecture-level city had obvious transportation advantages, and existed some transportation advantages development axis regions around core transportation central place. Regional differences were mainly between the eastern and western China, transportation core hub and the peripheral region. 3) Road density effect on rural development significantly, due to strong accessibility of national, provincial and county roads, which have a positive role in promoting rural development. However, highways and railway had a corridor property of landscape ecology. Highway and railways were “aisle”, through connection, as impenetrable property of its structure, so that region was split into two parts, and the space layout for train station and entrance was important to rural development particularly, otherwise less impact on local development across the region. Prefecture-level city traffic center had an obvious impact on rural development. Because of a strong ability to aggregate in large cities, which resulted in a special regional structure of “center developed and peripheral poverty”. Guiding the core elements radiation output to its surrounding area was extremely important for transport center cities. 4) The spatial coupling cooperative of transport superiority and rural development was low in China, account to 88.25% of the counties in China, especially in the western region, while Tibet was particularly serious, the coordination degree lower than 0.4,transportation development and rural development synergies better geographical concentration in the eastern coastal areas. Only a few counties in western better coordination, mainly synergistic whole capital, prefecture-level cities and border areas, rural development and transport infrastructure was weak. The core theoretical of traffic facilities construction level, stage and long-term effects on integrated rural development and regional economic development, as well as leading or lagging scientific judgment of regional transportation construction, which will be the important field for economic geography and rural geography studies.
Table 1 The index and weight for rural development comprehensive evaluation表1 农村发展水平综合评价指标及权重 |
准则层 | 指标层 | w |
---|---|---|
经济发 展基础 ( w=0.3090) | 人均GDP(元/人) | 0.1177 |
地方财政收入(元/人) | 0.0717 | |
二、三产业所占比重(%) | 0.0152 | |
就业非农化率(乡村非农就业/乡村从业人数) | 0.0125 | |
人均工业产值(元/人) | 0.0436 | |
农村生产、 生活水平 ( w=0.5816) | 地均农业机械总动力(万kW/hm2) | 0.0491 |
人均耕地面积(hm2/人) | 0.1203 | |
农业生产劳动率(农林牧渔业总值/农林 牧渔从业人口)(万元/人) | 0.0823 | |
人均农业总产值(万元/人) | 0.1877 | |
人均粮食产量(kg/人) | 0.1140 | |
农村人均用电量(kWh/人) | 0.0285 | |
城乡居民收入差异(农民人均纯收入/城 镇职工平均工资) | 0.0540 | |
农民人均纯收入(元) | 0.0661 | |
社会发 展基础 ( w=0.1095) | 大专以上文凭占6岁以上受教育总人口 的比重合计(%) | 0.0023 |
15岁及以上文盲率(%) | 0.0036 | |
人均各种社会福利收养性单位床位数(床/人) | 0.0060 | |
人均医疗卫生机构床位总数(床/人) | 0.0098 | |
人均固定电话用户总数(户/人) | 0.0156 |
注:w为权重。AHP方法确定权重中CR1=0.0028<0.1; CR=0.0678<0.1,全部通过一致性检验。 |
Table 2 The index and weight for transport superiority evaluation表2 交通优势度综合评价指标及权重 |
准则层 | 指标层 | w |
---|---|---|
交通覆盖水平 ( w=0.3874) | 高速路密度(km/hm2) | 0.0884 |
铁路密度(km/hm2) | 0.0963 | |
国道密度(km/hm2) | 0.0706 | |
省道密度(km/hm2) | 0.0448 | |
县道密度(km/hm2) | 0.0267 | |
乡镇道密度(km/hm2) | 0.0163 | |
交通邻近水平 ( w=0.4434) | 邻近高速平均距离(km) | 0.0090 |
邻近铁路平均距离(km) | 0.0552 | |
邻近国道平均距离(km) | 0.0667 | |
邻近省道平均距离(km) | 0.0353 | |
邻近县道平均距离(km) | 0.1641 | |
邻近村镇道平均距离(km) | 0.0955 | |
交通中心通达水平 ( w=0.1692) | 离省会平均距离(km) | 0.0667 |
离地级市平均距离(km) | 0.1097 | |
离高速出口平均距离(km) | 0.0389 |
注:w为权重。其权重确定AHP方法中CR1=0.016<0.1,CR=0.038<0.1,通过一致性检验。 |
Table 3 Criteria for evaluating coupling degree表3 耦合协调度评价标准 |
耦合协调度(D) | 协调等级 | 耦合协调度(D) | 协调等级 |
---|---|---|---|
0.9~1.00 | 优质协调 | 0.4~0.49 | 濒临失调 |
0.8~0.89 | 良好协调 | 0.3~0.39 | 轻度失调 |
0.7~0.79 | 中级协调 | 0.2~0.29 | 中度失调 |
0.6~0.69 | 初级协调 | 0.1~0.19 | 严重失调 |
0.5~0.59 | 勉强协调 | 0~0.09 | 极度失调 |
注:引自参考文献[30]。 |
Fig. 1 The result for rural development evaluation and its space cluster at county scale in China in 2000图1 2000年中国县域农村发展水平综合评价结果及空间聚类 |
Fig.2 The result for rural development evaluation and its space cluster at county scale in China in 2010图2 2010年中国县域农村发展水平综合评价结果及空间聚类 |
Fig. 3 The transport superiority evaluation and its cumulative percent in China in 2010图3 中国县域交通优势度综合评价结果及累计百分比统计 |
Fig. 4 The coupling degree and the coupling coordination degree for transport superiority and rural development in 2010图4 中国县域农村发展水平与交通优势度耦合度与协调度 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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