贫困区旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力时空分异研究——以安徽境内大别山区12个贫困县(市)为例
王群(1979-),女,安徽肥西人,博导,教授,主要从事旅游地恢复力与可持续发展研究。E-mail: junyang110771@163.com |
收稿日期: 2020-02-20
修回日期: 2020-04-24
网络出版日期: 2021-08-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41971175)
国家自然科学基金项目(41671136)
版权
Spatio-temporal Differentiation of Tourism Socio-ecological System Resilience in Poor Area: A Case Study of 12 Poverty-stricken Counties in the Dabie Mountain of Anhui Province
Received date: 2020-02-20
Revised date: 2020-04-24
Online published: 2021-08-13
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971175)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671136)
Copyright
基于可变模糊识别模型分析 2008—2017年安徽境内大别山区12个贫困县(市)社会-生态系统恢复力的时空演变过程,采用障碍度模型揭示恢复力影响因素和特征。研究表明:① 时序变化上,社会-生态系统恢复力呈现稳步上升趋势,但总体仍处中低阶段。其中,社会子系统恢复力整体微升,局部年份有突变;经济子系统恢复力发展逐年提高;生态子系统恢复力“上升-下降-上升”反复波动,整体呈下降趋势;② 空间变化上,社会-生态系统恢复力总体上呈“极低-较低-中等”递进发展,各县(市)由分化到趋同,中部最快,南北均衡并进。其中,社会子系统恢复力空间关联性相对较弱,部分相邻区域阶段一致,总体北部快于南部;经济子系统恢复力空间关联性较强,连片提升,进度相似,总体南部快于北部;生态子系统恢复力空间关联性居中,部分区域短时间内步调一致,总体南慢北快。③ 旅游发展、人地关系、生态环境是贫困区旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力的主要影响因素。各县(市)越临近,影响因素相似度越高,但随地势复杂性增加,相似度由北至南递减。
关键词: 旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力; 时空分异; 影响因素; 安徽大别山区12个贫困县(市)
王群 , 杨万明 , 朱跃 , 杨兴柱 . 贫困区旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力时空分异研究——以安徽境内大别山区12个贫困县(市)为例[J]. 地理科学, 2021 , 41(6) : 1030 -1038 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.06.012
With the frequent occurrence of social crises and natural disasters, improving resilience has become an important means for socio-ecological systems to cope with external disturbances. Scientific evaluation of socio-ecological resilience has important practical significance for local decision-making. Based on the variable fuzzy recognition model, the article analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution of socio-ecological systems resilience in 12 poverty-stricken counties in the Dabie Mountain of Anhui Province from 2008 to 2017. Then, by using the obstacle degree model, the article revealed the main influencing factors and characteristics of resilience. The results showed that: 1) In terms of temporal changes, the resilience of the socio-ecological system showed a steady upward trend, but the overall level was not high. Among them, the resilience of the social subsystem had risen slightly, and there had been a sudden change in some years; the resilience of the economic subsystem had increased year by year, with obvious time periods; the resilience of the ecological subsystem had a ‘rising-falling-rising’ fluctuation repeatedly, but the overall trend was downward. 2) In terms of spatial dynamic changes, the resilience of the socio-ecological system generally showed a ‘very low-lower-medium’ upward trend. The socio-ecological system resilience changed from differentiation to convergence among 12 counties, and changes was faster among central counties, slower among north and south counties. To social subsystem, except for some adjacent counties, the spatial correlation of the resilience was relatively weak, and the resilience in north area improved faster than in the south. To economic subsystem, the change of their resilience was correlated spatially, improved continuously, changed consistently among 12 counties, and the resilience in south area improved faster than in the north. To ecological subsystem, the resilience was correlated partly among 12 counties, and south area was slower than north. 3) For socio-ecological system resilience, tourism development, Man-land relationship and ecological environment were the main influencing factors, especially tourism development was the most; economic development, medical education, resource endowment and poverty alleviation policies were secondary influencing factors. More closer the counties were, more higher the similarity of influencing factors were, but as the complexity of the terrain changed, the similarity decreased from north to south. Some problems still deserve further study: 1) In the socio-ecological system of tourism destination, how to quantitatively separate the impact of tourism and other factors, and explore the effect of tourism development on the resilience of socio-ecological system more carefully? 2) In order to evaluate the effect of tourism development, how to compare socio-ecological system resilience between poverty-stricken areas and non poverty-stricken areas, tourism areas and non tourism areas? 3) Tourism development in poverty-stricken areas started relatively late, and how to explore more effective methods to reveal the law of socio-ecological system resilience in poverty-stricken areas in a limited time scale?
表1 贫困区旅游地社会-生态系统恢复力评价指标体系Table 1 The resilience indicators of tourism socio-ecological system in poor area |
系统层 | 准则层 | 指标层 | 指标含义及影响性质 | 权重 |
注:“+、-”为该指标对系统起正向、负向影响作用。 | ||||
社会子系统 | 脆弱性 | 人口自然增长率(A1)/% | 衡量系统人口特征(-) | 0.0389 |
社会消费品零售总额(A2)/104元 | 衡量系统消费能力(+) | 0.0365 | ||
人均居住面积(A3)/m2 | 衡量系统人地矛盾(+) | 0.0333 | ||
中小学在校学生(A4)/104人 | 衡量系统学习能力(+) | 0.0354 | ||
旅游者与当地居民比(A5)/% | 衡量系统人口结构(-) | 0.0390 | ||
应对能力 | 财政支出(A6)/104元 | 衡量社会财政支出力度(+) | 0.0357 | |
教育支出(A7)/104元 | 衡量教育扶持力度(+) | 0.0356 | ||
金融机构存款余额(A8)/104元 | 衡量社会存储状况(+) | 0.0356 | ||
社会保障和就业支出(A9)/104元 | 衡量社会福利水平(+) | 0.0353 | ||
每万人拥有医院病床数(A10)/张 | 衡量医疗卫生条件(+) | 0.0366 | ||
经济子系统 | 脆弱性 | 旅游总收入占GDP比重(B1)/% | 衡量系统旅游业发展状况(+) | 0.0390 |
产业结构多样化指数(B2) | 衡量产业结构平衡问题(+) | 0.0190 | ||
旅游业增长弹性系数(B3)/% | 衡量旅游增长对经济的拉动力(+) | 0.0388 | ||
旅游经济总收入(B4)/104元 | 衡量系统旅游效益(+) | 0.0336 | ||
旅游人数(B5)/104人 | 衡量系统旅游规模(+) | 0.0349 | ||
应对能力 | GDP(B6)/104元 | 衡量经济总量(+) | 0.0371 | |
人均GDP(B7)/元 | 衡量经济实力(+) | 0.0359 | ||
财政总收入(B8)/104元 | 衡量地方政府经济实力(+) | 0.0343 | ||
社会固定资产投资额(B9)/104元 | 衡量资本投资额度(+) | 0.0358 | ||
实际利用资金占GDP比重(B10)/% | 衡量对外开发程度(+) | 0.0368 | ||
生态子系统 | 脆弱性 | 乡村人口数(C1)/104人 | 衡量农村人口结构(+) | 0.0373 |
农药使用量(C2)/t | 衡量农药使用导致的生态压力(-) | 0.0381 | ||
化肥施用量(C3)/(kg/hm2) | 衡量化肥使用导致的生态压力(-) | 0.0386 | ||
化肥产出率(C4)/% | 衡量化肥对粮食的作用(-) | 0.0372 | ||
耕地面积所占比例(C5)/% | 衡量对土地压力(-) | 0.0341 | ||
应对能力 | 粮食单产(C6)/(kg/hm2) | 衡量粮食自给程度(+) | 0.0371 | |
人工造林面积(C7)/hm2 | 衡量绿化建设程度(+) | 0.0347 | ||
环保支出占GDP比重(C8)/% | 衡量环保支持力度(+) | 0.0358 |
表2 2008—2017年安徽大别山区社会-生态系统恢复力Table 2 Resilience results of socio-ecological system in the Dabie Mountain area in Anhui Province in 2008-2017 |
年份 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
社会子系统恢复力 | 2.01 | 2.03 | 2.07 | 2.17 | 2.31 | 2.29 | 2.46 | 2.52 | 2.59 | 2.72 |
经济子系统恢复力 | 1.89 | 1.94 | 1.97 | 1.99 | 2.05 | 2.28 | 2.44 | 2.59 | 2.74 | 2.81 |
生态子系统恢复力 | 2.35 | 2.36 | 2.28 | 2.20 | 2.32 | 2.39 | 2.19 | 2.17 | 2.09 | 2.21 |
社会-生态系统恢复力 | 2.08 | 2.11 | 2.10 | 2.12 | 2.23 | 2.33 | 2.36 | 2.43 | 2.48 | 2.58 |
表3 安徽大别山区12县(市)社会-生态系统恢复力空间分异Table 3 The spatial variation of resilience in the Dabie Mountain area of Anhui Province |
年份 | 社会子系统恢复力 | 经济子系统恢复力 | 生态子系统恢复力 | 社会-生态系统恢复力 | |||||||||||
2008 | 2013 | 2017 | 2008 | 2013 | 2017 | 2008 | 2013 | 2017 | 2008 | 2013 | 2017 | ||||
寿县 | 1.90 | 1.94 | 2.80 | 1.87 | 2.07 | 2.79 | 2.14 | 2.22 | 1.86 | 1.97 | 2.07 | 2.48 | |||
霍邱县 | 2.01 | 2.44 | 2.72 | 1.95 | 2.71 | 2.83 | 2.62 | 2.12 | 2.35 | 2.19 | 2.42 | 2.63 | |||
金寨县 | 2.10 | 2.63 | 2.80 | 1.88 | 1.97 | 2.84 | 1.97 | 2.65 | 2.10 | 1.98 | 2.41 | 2.58 | |||
宿松县 | 2.06 | 2.26 | 2.75 | 1.88 | 2.15 | 2.68 | 2.64 | 2.39 | 2.38 | 2.19 | 2.27 | 2.60 | |||
望江县 | 2.13 | 2.53 | 2.43 | 2.01 | 2.43 | 2.82 | 2.39 | 2.32 | 1.96 | 2.18 | 2.43 | 2.40 | |||
太湖县 | 1.97 | 1.98 | 2.70 | 1.87 | 2.36 | 2.83 | 2.44 | 2.32 | 2.18 | 2.09 | 2.22 | 2.57 | |||
岳西县 | 1.98 | 2.23 | 2.77 | 1.87 | 2.65 | 2.80 | 2.02 | 2.44 | 2.53 | 1.96 | 2.44 | 2.70 | |||
潜山市 | 1.88 | 2.05 | 2.72 | 1.88 | 2.64 | 2.84 | 1.97 | 2.58 | 2.62 | 1.91 | 2.42 | 2.72 | |||
临泉县 | 1.97 | 2.35 | 2.62 | 1.88 | 1.99 | 2.81 | 2.66 | 2.39 | 2.03 | 2.17 | 2.24 | 2.49 | |||
阜南县 | 1.88 | 2.60 | 2.84 | 1.88 | 2.03 | 2.82 | 2.40 | 2.18 | 2.54 | 2.05 | 2.27 | 2.73 | |||
颖上县 | 2.06 | 2.20 | 2.65 | 1.87 | 2.22 | 2.82 | 2.61 | 2.69 | 2.11 | 2.18 | 2.37 | 2.53 | |||
利辛县 | 2.07 | 2.37 | 2.85 | 1.91 | 2.17 | 2.82 | 2.44 | 2.47 | 1.95 | 2.14 | 2.34 | 2.54 |
表4 2008—2017年社会-生态系统恢复力主要障碍因子Table 4 The main obstacles of socio-ecological system resilience in 2008-2017 |
地区 | 障碍因子排序 | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
注:变量解释见表1。 | |||||
寿县 | C6 | C5 | C2 | A5 | A1 |
霍邱县 | A5 | B9 | B1 | A10 | C5 |
金寨县 | A1 | A3 | A5 | C4 | C5 |
宿松县 | ${C_5}$ | A1 | B8 | ${C_1}$ | A3 |
望江县 | A5 | C2 | A10 | A1 | A4 |
太湖县 | ${C_3}$ | A1 | C5 | ${C_1}$ | A5 |
岳西县 | B1 | A5 | B7 | ${A_3}$ | B8 |
潜山市 | B1 | A5 | C4 | C3 | A4 |
临泉县 | C6 | A1 | C1 | A5 | B5 |
阜南县 | B1 | A5 | C6 | C5 | A4 |
颍上县 | A5 | C6 | C5 | C2 | A1 |
利辛县 | A1 | C5 | C6 | A5 | C2 |
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