多中心空间结构的通勤效率——上海和杭州的实证研究
丁亮(1986-),男,浙江绍兴人,副教授,博士,硕导,主要从事城乡规划方法与技术研究。E-mail: DL861103@126.com |
收稿日期: 2020-08-12
修回日期: 2020-12-01
网络出版日期: 2021-11-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(51878457)
国家自然科学基金项目(51808495)
国家自然科学基金项目(51808392)
版权
The Commuting Efficiency of Polycentric Spatial Structure: An Empirical Study of Shanghai and Hangzhou
Received date: 2020-08-12
Revised date: 2020-12-01
Online published: 2021-11-17
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51878457)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51808495)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51808392)
Copyright
依据多中心空间结构的理想通勤模式构建通勤距离分布的理论模型,将实测结果与理论模型做比较,检验通勤效率。研究以上海和杭州为对象,发现:① 多中心空间结构确实有助于缩短通勤距离,但随着与就业中心距离增加,就业中心对缩短通勤距离的正效应逐渐减弱;② 社会经济发展水平更高的上海,其多中心空间结构的通勤效率比杭州发挥得更好。研究讨论了城市规模、多中心的实施时间、住房市场等对通勤效率的影响:上海的多中心空间结构发展更加成熟、租赁房源比例更高,为维持城市正常运转必须有更高效的交通组织,且居民确实经历了更长时间、有更多住房选择来调整职住空间以缩短通勤距离;杭州的城市功能尚处在完善中,多中心空间结构的通勤效率还未完全发挥作用。
丁亮 , 钮心毅 , 施澄 . 多中心空间结构的通勤效率——上海和杭州的实证研究[J]. 地理科学, 2021 , 41(9) : 1578 -1586 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.09.009
The commuting efficiency of polycentric spatial structure is not only controversial for a long time, but also its test method needs to be improved. Based on the ideal commuting mode of polycentric spatial structure, this article constructs a theoretical model of commuting distance distribution, compares the measured results with the theoretical model, and analyzes the commuting efficiency. Taking Shanghai and Hangzhou as research objects, it is found that: 1) The polycentric spatial structure does help shorten the commuting distance, but with the increase of the distance from the job center, the positive effect of the job center on reducing the commuting distance gradually weakens; 2) Shanghai, with a higher level of social and economic development, has better implementation of commuting efficiency of its polycentric spatial structure than Hangzhou. The study discusses the impact of city size, implementation time of polycentric spatial structure, housing market, etc. On commuting efficiency: Shanghai has a more mature polycentric space structure and a higher proportion of rental housing. In order to maintain the normal operation of the city, it is necessary to have a more efficient transportation organization. And residents do have more experience and more housing options to adjust jobs-housing space to shorten commuting distance; The urban functions of Hangzhou is still in developing condition, so the commuting efficiency of polycentric spatial structure has not fully played its role.
Key words: spatial structure; polycentric; commuting efficiency; commuting; big data
表1 手机信令数据处理后的结果Table 1 The result of mobile signaling data processing |
居住地基站编号 | 工作地基站编号 | 通勤人数 | 通勤距离/m |
96549 | 86924 | 39 | 960 |
96874 | 69532 | 56 | 589 |
…… | …… | …… | …… |
表2 分圈层统计的平均通勤距离Table 2 Circle statistics of average commuting distance |
就业中心 圈层/km | 上海 | 杭州 | |||
平均通勤 距离/m | 降幅/% | 平均通勤 距离/m | 降幅/% | ||
注:“—”为不在计算范围内;就业中心圈层列的0为就业中心自身范围,1~10为就业中心范围做1~10 km缓冲区形成的圈层。 | |||||
0 | 2 457 | 19.2 | 4 044 | 7.5 | |
1 | 3 041 | 22.6 | 4 369 | 2.5 | |
2 | 3 931 | 14.4 | 4 383 | 2.2 | |
3 | 4 593 | 6.5 | 4 582 | -1.6 | |
4 | 4 912 | 1.1 | 4 509 | -4.0 | |
5 | 4 965 | -10.4 | 4 334 | 2.9 | |
6 | 4 499 | -3.5 | 4 464 | 5.9 | |
7 | 4 345 | 9.2 | 4 742 | -5.0 | |
8 | 4 787 | 4.1 | 4 514 | -10.0 | |
9 | 4 990 | -1.3 | 4 103 | -1.6 | |
10 | 4 925 | — | 4 039 | — |
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