基于宏观形势和地域优势的“十四五”东北振兴战略思考
王士君(1963- ),男,黑龙江延寿人,博士,教授,博导,主要从事人文地理与城乡规划研究。E-mail: wangsj@nenu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2021-02-01
修回日期: 2021-10-12
网络出版日期: 2022-01-24
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41630749)
版权
Strategic Thinking of Northeast China Revitalization During the “14th Five-Year Plan” Based on the Macro Situation and Regional Advantages
Received date: 2021-02-01
Revised date: 2021-10-12
Online published: 2022-01-24
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630749)
Copyright
新一轮东北振兴战略启动、“十四五”规划开局之际,面对近20 a东北振兴的成就和仍存在的问题,在世界经济格局重构、产业发展多元化背景下,处于中国经济转型和社会生产力变革的环境中,有必要基于东北地区的基础条件、形势变化和存量优势,对东北振兴从更符合自身实际的视角进行再思考,既要延续已有成功的政策方针,更要审时度势,调整思路:发展布局上,形成东北三省+蒙东地区四大板块分工协作与城市+农业+生态三大主体功能网络化联动的格局;制度上,稳妥并适度推进体制机制改革;产业上,立足农业,扶持轻工业,优化重化工业进而重构产业体系;发展重点上,改变传统以城市和重化工业为重点的振兴道路,把优先发展农业农村作为东北全面振兴的新路径和另一重点着重实施,从乡村产业多元提质、城乡要素流通加速和城乡均衡发展等方面推动农业农村发展成为东北地区社会、经济、生态领域的新增长极;理念上,认识到东北地区发展的长期性和周期性,以更加长远的眼光看待东北地区发展,客观审视其发展进程中的辉煌与衰退,不过分追求短期经济效益的攀升,主动适应下行趋势,注重内生发展能力建设;结合“绿水青山黑土地、冰天雪地关东风”的区域本底,丰富东北振兴的内涵和外延,变“东北振兴”为“东北转型发展”,从根本上转变对东北地区及东北振兴的认识,塑造更加有利于东北地区发展的形象和舆情。
王士君 , 马丽 . 基于宏观形势和地域优势的“十四五”东北振兴战略思考[J]. 地理科学, 2021 , 41(11) : 1935 -1946 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.11.007
Faced with achievements and remaining problems of Northeast China revitalization in the past 20 years, when the world economic pattern is reconstructing and industrial development is diversifying, it is necessary to rethink the revitalization based on the basic conditions, situation changes, and stock advantages of Northeast China in the environments of national economic transformation and social productivity change. The direction is both to continue the existing successful policies, size up current situation and adjust thinking. In development layout, constructing a pattern of cooperation based on labor division of Northeast China and a pattern of network linkage between 3 main functional zones of urban, agriculture and ecology. In institution, it should promote system and mechanism reform steadily and moderate. In industry, based on agriculture, supporting light industry, optimizing heavy industry and then restructuring the regional industrial system. In development path, changing the traditional revitalization road with emphasis on urban and heavy industry, taking the priority development of agriculture and rural areas as the new path and another focus by improving diversification and quality of rural related industries, accelerating elements flow between urban and rural areas and balancing the development of urban and rural areas. In concept, we must recognize the protracted and cyclical nature of Northeast China development, looking at it in a more long-term perspective, viewing its achievements and decline objectively and avoiding the pursuit of the rapid rise of economic benefits in short-term overly; adapting to the downward trend and paying attention to endogenous development capacity building. By combining the regional background of lucid water, lush mountains and black soil, ice-snow covered land and characteristics of east of Shanhaiguan, enriching the connotation and extension of Northeast China revitalization, turning the “Northeast China revitalization” to “Northeast China transformation development”, we should change the understanding of Northeast China and its revitalization fundamentally, creating an image and public opinion that are more conducive to the development of Northeast China.
表1 东北全面振兴的宏观格局Table 1 The macro pattern of comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China |
类型 | 一级发展区 | 二级发展区 | 三级发展区 |
资料来源:全国及黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、内蒙古自治区的主体功能区划和“十四五”规划纲要。 | |||
城市化 地区 | 哈长城市群 辽中南城市群 | 哈尔滨、长春、辽宁、大连4个区域中心城市及以其为核心的4个现代都市圈;通辽-赤峰城市发展区 | 黑龙江东部煤城发展区;吉林敦延珲、通白和白城3个城市发展区;辽西融入京津冀协同发展战略先导区和辽宁沿海城镇带;蒙东口岸城市发展区 |
农产品 主产区 | 东北平原农产品主产区 东北小麦产业带 | 嫩江平原和三江平原农产品主产区;吉林西部、中部和中东部半山区农产品主产区;辽河流域农产品主产区;蒙东大兴安岭沿麓农产品主产区 | 黑龙江中部农产品主产区;吉林西部杂粮杂豆和畜产品产业带、中部优质玉米产业带、沿江沿河优质水稻产业带;辽西林草畜牧产业区、辽北粮油和畜牧产业区、辽东林农区、辽中平原粮食畜牧精品农业区和辽宁沿海水产粮食果蔬区;蒙东西辽河农产品主产区、呼伦贝尔-锡林郭勒草原畜牧业产业区 |
重点生态 功能区 | 大小兴安岭和长白山森林生态功能区,呼伦贝尔草原草甸生态功能区,科尔沁草原生态功能区,三江平原湿地生态功能区 | 吉林中部黑土地保护区、松嫩湿地保护修复区;辽宁辽东山地生态功能区,辽西丘陵生态功能区;蒙东浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区 | 吉林集安-通化长白山森林生态功能区;辽宁辽河流域生态功能区、沿海防护生态功能区;蒙东呼伦贝尔草原草甸生态功能区 |
[1] |
金凤君, 陈明星. “东北振兴”以来东北地区区域政策评价研究[J]. 经济地理, 2010, 30(8): 29-35.
Jin Fengjun, Chen Mingxing. The evaluation of regional policy in Northeast China since 2003. Economic Geography, 2010, 30(8): 29-35.
|
[2] |
陈思思. 东北振兴政策的评价与新思考[J]. 中国集体经济, 2015(19): 29-30.
Chen Sisi. Evaluation and new thinking on the policy of Northeast China’s revitalization. China Collective Economy, 2015(19): 29-30.
|
[3] |
杨东亮. 东北振兴政策实践效果评价与政策启示——基于全要素生产率增长的全国比较[J]. 东北亚论坛, 2011(5): 99-108.
Yang Dongliang. Evaluation of China’s Northeast Revitalization policy and policy pmplications: Based on national comparison of total factor productivity growth. Northeast Asia Forum, 2011(5): 99-108.
|
[4] |
温家隆, 张满银, 何维达. 东北振兴规划实施成效评估研究——基于多层次模糊综合评价方法[J]. 经济问题, 2020(7): 97-105+122.
Wen Jialong, Zhang Manyin, He Weida. Effectiveness of implementation of the Northeast China revitalization plan: A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP) method study. On Economic Problems, 2020(7): 97-105+122.
|
[5] |
王姣娥, 杜德林. 东北振兴以来地区经济发展水平演化及空间分异模式[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(9): 1320-1328.
Wang Jiao’e, Du Delin. The evolution of economic development level in Northeast China and its spatial differentiation mode scince 2003. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(9): 1320-1328.
|
[6] |
张拓. 振兴东北的实践与政策效果研究[J]. 现代经济信息, 2016(5): 11-13.
Zhang Tuo. Study on the practice and policy effect of revitalizing Northeast China. Modern Economic Information, 2016(5): 11-13.
|
[7] |
Ren W, Xue B, Yang J et al. Effects of the Northeast China revitalization strategy on regional economic growth and social development[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(5): 791-809.
|
[8] |
金凤君, 王姣娥, 杨宇, 等. 东北地区创新发展的突破路径与对策研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(9): 1285-1292.
Jin Fengjun, Wang Jiao’e, Yang Yu et al. The paths and solutions of innovation development in Northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(9): 1285-1292.
|
[9] |
王业强. 新形势下老工业基地全面振兴的战略思考[J]. 经济纵横, 2013(12): 6-10.
Wang Yeqiang. Strategic thinking on the comprehensive revitalization of the old industrial bases under the new situation. Economic Review Journal, 2013(12): 6-10.
|
[10] |
叶振宇. 东北地区经济发展态势与新一轮振兴[J]. 区域经济评论, 2015(6): 61-67.
Ye Zhenyu. Economic trend and new revitalization of the northeastern region. Regional Economic Review, 2015(6): 61-67.
|
[11] |
赵昌文. 对“新东北现象”的认识与东北增长新动力培育研究[J]. 经济纵横, 2015(7): 7-10.
Zhao Changwen. Understanding of “New Northeast Phenomenon” in old industrial base and research on cultivation of new growth power in Northeast China. Economic Review Journal, 2015(7): 7-10.
|
[12] |
樊杰, 刘汉初, 王亚飞, 等. 东北现象再解析和东北振兴预判研究——对影响国土空间开发保护格局变化稳定因素的初探[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(10): 1445-1456.
Fan Jie, Liu Hanchu, Wang Yafei et al. “The Northeast China phenomenon”and prejudgment on economic revitalization in Northeast China: A primary research on stable factors to impact national spatial development and protection pattern[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(10): 1445-1456.
|
[13] |
李政. 当前东北地区经济增长问题成因与创新转型对策[J]. 经济纵横, 2015(7): 14-17.
Li Zheng. Causes of economic growth problems and innovative transformation countermeasures in Northeast China at present. Economic Review Journal, 2015(7): 14-17.
|
[14] |
Wang M, Chen Z, Zhang P et al. Old industrial cities seeking new road of industrialization: Models of revitalizing Northeast China[M]. Singapore: World Scientific, 2014.
|
[15] |
周伊楠, 谷国锋, 王雪辉. 基于时域, 频域方法的东北地区经济周期分析[J]. 华东经济管理, 2019, 33(10): 42-49.
Zhou Yinan, Gu Guofeng, Wang Xuehui. Analysis of business cycle fluctuation in Northeast China based on time domain and frequency domain method. East China Economic Management, 2019, 33(10): 42-49.
|
[16] |
吉林省统计局.吉林统计年鉴[M/OL].www. stats. gov. cn. 2021-02-12.
Jilin Statistical Bureau.Jilin statistical book. www. stats. gov. cn. 2021-02-12.
|
[17] |
辽宁统计局.辽宁统计年鉴[M/OL].www. stats. gov. cn. 2021-02-12.
Liaoning Statistical Bureau.Liaoning statistical book. www. stats. gov. cn. 2021-02-12.
|
[18] |
黑龙江统计局.黑龙江统计年鉴[M/OL].www.stats.gov.cn. 2021-02-12
Heilongjiang Statistical Bureau.Heilongjiang statistical book. www.stats.gov.cn. 2021-02-12.
|
[19] |
黄宝荣, 陈爱民, 李晓俐. "卖粮难"难在何处?[J]. 粮经纵横, 1997(3): 24-24.
Huang Baorong, Chen Aimin, Li XiaoLi. What is the difficulty in "Hard Selling Grain". Grain Economic Review Journal, 1997(3): 24-24.
|
[20] |
刘涛, 李继霞, 霍静娟. 中国农业高质量发展的时空格局与影响因素[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(10): 1-8.
Liu Tao, Li Jixia, Huo Jingjuan. Spatial-temporal pattern and influencing factors of high-quality agricultural development in China. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2020, 34(10): 1-8.
|
[21] |
何红光, 宋林, 李光勤. 中国农业经济增长质量的时空差异研究[J]. 经济学家, 2017(7): 87-97.
He Hongguang, Song Lin, Li Guangqin. Research on the spatial and temporal differences of China’s agricultural economic growth quality. Economist, 2017(7): 87-97.
|
[22] |
国际货币基金组织. 世界经济展望[R]. 华盛顿: 估计货币基金组织,2020.
International Monetary Fund. World economic outlook. Washington: International Monetary Fund, 2020.
|
[23] |
曾铮, 梁俊. 未来一段时期我国内外市场环境将更趋复杂多变——如何看待国际金融危机十余年来的“变”与“不变”[J]. 中国发展观察, 2020(Z1): 14-19.
Zeng Zheng, Liang Jun. The domestic and international market environment will become more complex and changeable in the coming period-how to treat the "change" and "unchanged" in the past ten years of the international financial crisis. China Development Observation, 2020(Z1): 14-19.
|
[24] |
李兰冰, 刘秉镰. “十四五”时期中国区域经济发展的重大问题展望[J]. 管理世界, 2020, 36(5): 36-51+8.
Li Lanbing, Liu Binglian. Prospect for major issues of China’s regional economic development during the 14th Five-year Plan oeriod. Management World, 2020, 36(5): 36-51+8.
|
[25] |
聂晶鑫, 刘合林. 中国人才流动的地域模式及空间分布格局研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(12): 1979-1987.
Nie Jingxin, Liu Helin. Spatial Pattern and the resulting characteristics of talent flows in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(12): 1979-1987.
|
[26] |
王若宇, 薛德升, 刘晔, 等. 基于空间杜宾模型的中国高学历人才时空分异研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2019, 28(4): 134-143.
Wang Ruoyu, Xue Desheng, Liu Ye et al. Spatial pattern change of high-educated talents in China based on Spatial Durbin Model. World Regional Studies, 2019, 28(4): 134-143.
|
[27] |
武前波, 宁越敏. 中国制造业企业500强总部区位特征分析[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(2): 139-152.
Wu Qianbo, Ning Yuemin. Headquarter locations of top 500 enterprises Chinese manufactureing industries. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(2): 139-152.
|
[28] |
赵浚竹, 孙铁山, 李国平. 中国汽车制造业集聚与企业区位选择[J]. 地理学报, 2014, 69(6): 850-862.
Zhao Junzhu, Sun Tieshan, Li Guoping. Agglomeration and firm location choice of China’s automobile manufacturing industry. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(6): 850-862.
|
[29] |
陈青雁, 王鹏, 钟业喜. 中国民营上市企业总部空间格局及影响因素[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(5): 996-1005.
Chen Qingyan, Wang Peng, Zhong Yexi. Spatial pattern and influencing factors of headquarters of China’s private listed companies. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(5): 996-1005.
|
[30] |
李琳, 王蔚阳. 中国制造业发展质量的空间异质性研究——基于投影寻踪模型的分析[J]. 华东经济管理, 2020, 34(9): 1-11.
Li Lin, Wang Weiyang. Spatial heterogeneity of manufacturing development quality in China: Analysis based on projection pursuit model. East China Economic Management, 2020, 34(9): 1-11.
|
[31] |
李建新, 杨永春, 蒋小荣, 等. 中国制造业产业结构高级度的时空格局与影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(8): 1558-1574.
Li Jianxin, Yang Yongchun, Jiang Xiaorong et al,. The spatial-temporal patterns and influencing factors of the industrial structure upgrade of China's manufacturing. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(8): 1558-1574.
|
[32] |
田山川, 张文忠. 中国钢铁工业空间格局的演化及影响机制[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009, 28(4): 537-545.
Tian Shanchuan, Zhang Wenzhong. Evolution of spatial pattern of Chinese iron and steel industry and the influencing factors. Progress in Geography, 2009, 28(4): 537-545.
|
[33] |
毛熙彦, 刘颖, 贺灿飞. 中国资源性产业空间演变特征[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(8): 1332-1342.
Mao Xiyan, Liu Ying, He Canfei. Spatial pattern dynamics of resource-based industry in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(8): 1332-1342.
|
[34] |
宗会明, 吕瑞辉. 基于物流企业数据的2007—2017年年中国城市网络空间特征及演化[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(5): 760-767.
Zong Huiming, Lyu Ruihui. The spatial characteristics and evolution of Chinese urban network based on logistics enterprise data in 2007-2017. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2020, 40(5): 760-767.
|
[35] |
潘竟虎, 赖建波. 中国城市间人口流动空间格局的网络分析——以国庆-中秋长假和腾讯迁徙数据为例[J]. 地理研究, 2019, 38(7): 1678-1693.
Pan Jinghu, Lai Jianbo. Research on spatial pattern of population mobility among cities: A case study of “Tencent Migration” big data in “National Day–Mid-Autumn Festival” vacation. Geographical Research, 2019, 38(7): 1678-1693.
|
[36] |
梅大伟, 修春亮, 冯兴华. 中国城市信息网络结构演变特征及驱动因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(4): 717-727.
Mei Dawei, Xiu Chunliang, Feng Xinghua. Analysis on the evolution characteristics and driving factors of urban information network structure in China. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(4): 717-727.
|
[37] |
赵媛, 杨足膺, 郝丽莎, 等. 中国石油资源流动源——汇系统空间格局特征[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(4): 455-466.
Zhao Yuan, Yang Zuying, Hao Lisha et al,. Spatial pattern characteristics of source-sink system of petroleum resources flow in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(4): 455-466.
|
[38] |
王宜强, 赵媛. 中国煤炭资源流源, 汇地空间格局演变与内部空间差异研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(10): 1153-1160.
Wang Yiqiang, Zhao Yuan. Spatial pattern evolution and inner differences of source-sink regions of China’s coal resources flow. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014, 34(10): 1153-1160.
|
[39] |
王录仓, 武荣伟, 梁炳伟, 等. 中国农业现代化水平时空格局[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(12): 1-7.
Wang Lucang, Wu Rongwei, Liang Bingwei et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of the development level of Chinese agricultural Modernization. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30(12): 1-7.
|
[40] |
佟宝全, 陈才, 刘继生. 蒙东地区与东北三省区域整合研究[J]. 地理科学, 2006,26(2): 2129-2135.
Tong Baoquan, Chen Cai, Liu Jisheng. Region integration study between the eastern area of Inner Mongolia and the three provinces in Northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2006,26(2): 2129-2135.
|
[41] |
刘培林, 刘孟德. 发展的机制: 以比较优势战略释放后发优势——与樊纲教授商榷[J]. 管理世界, 2020, 36(5): 67-73+10.
Liu Peilin, Liu Mengde. Development mechanism: Release the advantage of backwardness with the comparative advantage strategy: Discussion with professor Fan Gang. Management World, 2020, 36(5): 67-73+10.
|
[42] |
Justin Yifu Lin, Guofu Tan. “Policy burdens, accountability and the soft budget constraint” [J]. American Economic Review, 1999, 89(2): 426-431.
|
[43] |
Justin Yifu Lin. Development strategy, viability, and economic convergence[J]. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 2003, 51(2): 277-308.
|
[44] |
徐康宁, 邵军. 自然禀赋与经济增长: 对“资源诅咒”命题的再检验[J]. 世界经济, 2006(11): 38-47+96.
Xu Kangning, Shao Jun. Natural resources abundance and economic growth: Are-examination of “resource curse” hypothesis. The Journal of World Economy, 2006(11): 38-47+96.
|
[45] |
黄悦, 李秋雨, 梅林, 等. 东北地区资源型城市资源诅咒效应及传导机制研究[J]. 人文地理, 2015, 30(6): 121-125.
Huang Yue, Li Qiuyu, Mei Lin et al. Resource curse effect and transmission mechanism of resource-based cities in Northeast China. Human Geography, 2015, 30(6): 121-125.
|
[46] |
Isham J, Woolcock M, Pritchett L et al. The varieties of resource experience: natural resource export structures and the political economy of economic growth[J]. The World Bank Economic Review, 2005, 19(2): 141-174.
|
[47] |
戚伟, 刘盛和, 金凤君. 东北三省人口流失的测算及演化格局研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(12): 1795-1804.
Qi Wei, Liu Shenghe, Jin Fengjun. Calculation and spatial evolution of population loss in Northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017, 37(12): 1795-1804.
|
[48] |
中国教育在线. 2018年高校毕业生就业质量报告汇总[EB./OL]. https://gaokao.eol.cn/daxue/zixun/201901/t20190102_1639882.shtml.2019.01.02
Website of Chinese Education. Summary of 2018 university graduate employment quality report. https://gaokao.eol.cn/daxue/zixun/201901/t20190102_1639882.shtml.2019.01.02.
|
[49] |
马丽, 道灵芝, 程利莎, 等. 中国中心城市内生动力和支撑力综合评价[J]. 经济地理, 2019, 39(2): 64-72.
Ma Li, Dao Lingzhi, Cheng Lisha et al. Comprehensive assessment of endogenous impetus and endogenous support in central cities of China. Economic Geography, 2019, 39(2): 64-72.
|
[50] |
世界银行.世界发展指标[R/OL]. https://data.worldbank.org.cn/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, 2021-02-12.
Word Bank. World development indicators. https://data.worldbank.org.cn/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, 2021-02-12.
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |