中国美丽休闲乡村的空间分布特征及影响因素
王兆峰(1965-),男,湖南桑植人,博士,教授,博导,主要从事旅游地理研究。E-mail: jdwzf@126.com |
收稿日期: 2020-12-26
修回日期: 2021-04-14
网络出版日期: 2022-01-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41971188)
湖南省国内一流培育学科建设项目(地理学-5010002)
版权
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of China’s Beautiful Leisure Villages
Received date: 2020-12-26
Revised date: 2021-04-14
Online published: 2022-01-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971188)
Construction Program for First-Class Disciplines of Hunan Province, China(地理学-5010002)
Copyright
运用平均最近邻、核密度法分析美丽休闲乡村空间布局,并结合熵值赋权法、地理探测器和邻域分析等方法探索其影响因素。结果表明:① 从全国尺度看,美丽休闲乡村空间分布不均,整体呈集聚分布并形成 “两极多核”的空间特征。② 从省域尺度看,东部沿海省市美丽休闲乡村密度较高,偏西部高纬高海拔地区密度较小;除青海、西藏外,各省(区、市)美丽休闲乡村集散差异较小,集聚程度较低且趋于均衡分布;京津2市美丽休闲乡村空间发育最好。③ 美丽休闲乡村受人文因素中乡村基础状况、旅游投资水平、旅游市场规模、民族文化资源作用力较强;其自然分布趋于海拔低于200 m、三级河流附近、环境质量优良且距城市或景区较近的年积温高于3 400℃或降水量高于400 mm的暖湿气候区。
王兆峰 , 史伟杰 . 中国美丽休闲乡村的空间分布特征及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2022 , 42(1) : 104 -114 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.01.010
In this article, the average nearest neighbor and kernel density method are used to analyze the spatial layout of beautiful leisure villages. Besides, the entropy weighting method, geographic detector, and neighborhood analysis are employed to explore its influencing factors. The results show that: 1) On the national scale, the beautiful leisure villages are unevenly distributed in space, and the overall distribution is concentrated, forming the spatial characteristics of ‘two poles and multi-core’. 2) On the provincial scale, the density of beautiful leisure villages in the eastern coastal provinces is relatively high while the density in the high-latitude and high-altitude provinces of the western part is relatively low. With the exception of Qinghai and Tibet, the distribution of beautiful and leisure villages in various provinces presents small differences; the degree of agglomeration is low and tends to be evenly distributed. The beautiful leisure villages in Beijing and Tianjin have the best development in space. 3) Beautiful leisure villages are significantly influenced by human factors, such as rural basic conditions, tourism investment level, tourism market scale and national cultural resources. Its natural distribution tends to be in the warm and humid climate areas with the altitude lower than 200 m, near third-level rivers, excellent environmental quality, and close to cities or scenic spots with annual accumulated temperature higher than 3 400℃ or precipitation higher than 400 mm.
表1 美丽休闲乡村各省(区、市)密度与集聚特征Table 1 The density and agglomeration characteristics of beautiful leisure villages in different provinces of China |
省(区、市) | 乡村个数 | 密度/(个/100 km2) | 最邻近 点指数 | 分布类型 | 省(区、市) | 乡村个数 | 密度/(个/100 km2) | 最邻近 点指数 | 分布类型 | |
注:不含港澳台数据。 | ||||||||||
安徽 | 43 | 0.0307 | 0.9319 | 一般集聚型 | 黑龙江 | 33 | 0.0085 | 1.0740 | 稀疏均匀型 | |
北京 | 34 | 0.2072 | 1.0138 | 稠密均匀型 | 内蒙古 | 34 | 0.0029 | 0.7374 | 稀疏集聚型 | |
福建 | 51 | 0.0411 | 0.8412 | 稠密集聚型 | 宁夏 | 18 | 0.0271 | 0.8594 | 一般集聚型 | |
甘肃 | 31 | 0.0068 | 0.9434 | 稀疏集聚型 | 青海 | 28 | 0.0039 | 0.1816 | 稀疏集聚型 | |
广东 | 32 | 0.0178 | 0.8728 | 一般集聚型 | 山东 | 51 | 0.0323 | 0.9033 | 一般集聚型 | |
广西 | 40 | 0.0169 | 1.0648 | 一般集聚型 | 山西 | 40 | 0.0255 | 0.9830 | 一般集聚型 | |
贵州 | 37 | 0.0210 | 1.0465 | 一般均匀型 | 陕西 | 38 | 0.0185 | 0.8451 | 一般集聚型 | |
海南 | 22 | 0.0621 | 0.8880 | 稠密集聚型 | 上海 | 30 | 0.4732 | 0.9507 | 稠密集聚型 | |
河北 | 39 | 0.0207 | 0.9218 | 一般集聚型 | 四川 | 44 | 0.0091 | 0.8862 | 稀疏集聚型 | |
河南 | 40 | 0.0198 | 0.8319 | 一般集聚型 | 天津 | 22 | 0.1842 | 1.1678 | 稠密均匀型 | |
湖北 | 43 | 0.0231 | 0.9905 | 一般集聚型 | 西藏 | 24 | 0.0020 | 0.1480 | 稀疏集聚型 | |
湖南 | 40 | 0.0189 | 1.0875 | 一般均匀型 | 新疆 | 36 | 0.0022 | 0.7889 | 稀疏集聚型 | |
吉林 | 36 | 0.0192 | 0.9728 | 一般集聚型 | 云南 | 38 | 0.0097 | 0.9478 | 稀疏集聚型 | |
江苏 | 47 | 0.0438 | 0.8802 | 稠密集聚型 | 浙江 | 58 | 0.0550 | 0.9255 | 稠密集聚型 | |
江西 | 42 | 0.0252 | 0.8962 | 一般集聚型 | 重庆 | 41 | 0.0498 | 0.9279 | 稠密集聚型 | |
辽宁 | 43 | 0.0291 | 0.9466 | 一般集聚型 |
表2 2020年美丽休闲乡村人文类影响因素探测结果Table 2 Detected results of humanistic factors affecting beautiful leisure villages in China in 2020 |
具体指标 | 权重 | 影响因素 | q值 | ||||
美丽休闲乡村 | 特色民俗村 | 特色民居村 | 现代新村 | 历史古村 | |||
注:*代表P值通过 0.1 显著性检验;不含港澳台数据。 | |||||||
耕地面积 | 0.2846 | 乡村基础状况x1 | 0.6199* | 0.1169 | 0.3357* | 0.2128 | 0.2432 |
行政村数量 | 0.3961 | ||||||
乡村人口数 | 0.3923 | ||||||
农村人均消费支出 | 0.0978 | 乡村发展水平x2 | 0.2659 | 0.1146 | 0.3084* | 0.2080 | 0.0733 |
农村人均用电量 | 0.5988 | ||||||
人口流失量 | 0.0510 | ||||||
乡村人均卫生室 | 0.1222 | ||||||
乡村公路网密度 | 0.1302 | ||||||
人均社会消费品零售总额 | 0.4793 | 社会发展水平x3 | 0.2131 | 0.1761 | 0.2181 | 0.2977* | 0.1123 |
人均可支配收入 | 0.4103 | ||||||
城镇化率 | 0.1104 | ||||||
少数民族人口数量 | 0.4949 | 民族文化资源x4 | 0.3978* | 0.2282 | 0.2639 | 0.2014 | 0.1748 |
非物质文化遗产数 | 0.1415 | ||||||
规模以上文化及相关产业法人单位数 | 0.3635 | ||||||
旅行社数量 | 0.3533 | 旅游投资水平x5 | 0.5911* | 0.1436 | 0.3269* | 0.2972* | 0.1950 |
星级酒店数量 | 0.3125 | ||||||
A级景区个数 | 0.3342 | ||||||
旅游接待人数 | 0.5078 | 旅游市场规模x6 | 0.5524* | 0.0628 | 0.3905* | 0.1672 | 0.2838* |
国内旅游收入 | 0.4922 |
图3 美丽休闲乡村与气候类型分布审图号:GS(2019)1825号(自然资源部监制),底图无修改;不含港澳台数据 Fig. 3 Distribution of beautiful leisure villages and climate types |
表3 美丽休闲乡村与气候类型关系Table 3 Statistical relationship between beautiful leisure villages and climate types |
气候类型 | 水热组合状况 | 美丽休闲乡村数量/个 | 密度/(个/万km2) | 占比/% |
注:不含港澳台数据。 | ||||
热带湿润区 | 积温在8000℃以上,降水量>1600 mm | 113 | 2.5729 | 9.7835 |
亚热带湿润区 | 积温4500~8000℃,降水量800~1600 mm | 521 | 2.6535 | 45.1082 |
暖温带半湿润区 | 积温3400~4500℃,降水量400~800 mm | 273 | 2.4157 | 23.6363 |
中温带半湿润区 | 积温1600~3400℃,降水量400~800 mm | 103 | 1.3083 | 8.9177 |
中温带半干旱区 | 积温1600~3400℃,降水量200~400 mm | 41 | 0.3565 | 3.5498 |
中温带干旱区 | 积温1600~3400℃,降水量<200 mm | 48 | 0.2775 | 4.1559 |
青藏高寒区 | 积温<2 000℃,降水量<300 mm | 56 | 0.2333 | 4.4846 |
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