基于地理加权回归模型的辽宁省城市人居环境综合适宜性评价
关莹莹(1994-),女,黑龙江大兴安岭人,博士,主要从事城市人居环境、城市生态演变研究。E-mail: GYY9418@126.com |
收稿日期: 2021-03-20
修回日期: 2021-06-10
网络出版日期: 2022-12-20
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41471140)
国家自然科学基金项目(41171137)
国家自然科学基金项目(41671158)
版权
Comprehensive Suitability Evaluation of Urban Human Settlements Based on GWR: A Case Study of Liaoning Province
Received date: 2021-03-20
Revised date: 2021-06-10
Online published: 2022-12-20
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471140)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41171137)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671158)
Copyright
构建适宜性评价指标体系,综合涵盖了适宜性自然要素及人文要素,基于地理加权回归模型计算分级人居环境适宜性指数,并探讨与人口、GDP密度的空间一致性,验证适宜性较好的土地的利用效率。研究表明:① 辽宁省人居环境自然适宜性呈现中部及沿海地区高于东部西部,空间上呈顺应山脉走向的东北–西南方向的纵向分异规律。其中沈阳市、大连市的自然适宜性指数最高;朝阳市、本溪市的自然适宜性最低。② 辽宁省人居环境人文适宜性指数中部最高,东部次之,西部最低,其中沈阳市、葫芦岛市的人文适宜性指数最高。③ 辽宁省人居环境综合适宜性的空间分异特征体现为:中部及沿海区域综合适宜性最高,东部次之西部最低。适宜地区面积占比51.72%,临界适宜性地区占比44.53%,不适宜地区占比3.37%,辽宁省整体人居环境适宜性等级为良好。④ 辽宁省的人口和GDP密度与人居环境综合适宜性指数的空间分布具有很好的空间一致性。累计百分比统计显示,人口经济集中于综合适宜性较高的地区,充分利用了人居环境适宜性高的土地。
关键词: 人居环境综合适宜性; 自然适宜性要素; 人文适宜性要素; 地理加权回归(GWR)模型
关莹莹 , 李雪铭 , 杨俊 , 李松波 , 田深圳 . 基于地理加权回归模型的辽宁省城市人居环境综合适宜性评价[J]. 地理科学, 2022 , 42(12) : 2097 -2108 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.12.006
The comprehensive suitability of the human settlements is of great significance to the development of the spatial layout of the urban human settlements and the concentration of urban population. This article constructs a suitability evaluation index system, which comprehensively covers the natural and humanistic elements of suitability, calculates the hierarchical human settlements suitability index based on the geographically weighted regression model, and discusses the spatial consistency with population and GDP density to verify the suitability efficiency of land use. The result shows that: 1) The natural suitability index in Liaoning Province presents the law of longitudinal spatial differentiation from northeast to southwest, which follows the direction of the mountains; Shenyang and Dalian had the highest natural suitability index, Chaoyang and Benxi had the lowest natural suitability index. 2) The highest to lowest humanistic suitability indexes were as follows: the central, eastern, and western regions; Shenyang and Huludao have the highest human suitability index, Chaoyang is the lowes. 3) The highest to lowest spatial differentiations of the comprehensive suitability of the human settlements were as follows: the central and coastal, eastern, and western regions; The suitable area accounted for 51.72%, the critical suitability area accounted for 44.53%, and the unsuitable area accounted for 3.37%. The overall suitability level of human settlements in Liaoning Province was good. 4) The spatial distribution of population–economy density in Liaoning Province was basically consistent with the spatial distribution of the comprehensive suitability index of human settlements. Ultimately, we found that the distributions of population–economy and human settlement suitability were relatively coordinated and that highly suitable land was already fully utilized.
表1 土地类型权重Table 1 Weights of landuse types |
一级分类 | 权重 | 二级分类 | 权重 | 一级分类 | 权重 | 二级分类 | 权重 | |
林地 | 0.18 | 有林地 | 0.33 | 水域、湿地 | 0.14 | 河流、湖泊 | 0.40 | |
灌木林地 | 0.27 | 水库、坑塘 | 0.35 | |||||
疏林地 | 0.21 | 滩涂、湿地 | 0.25 | |||||
其他林地 | 0.19 | 建设用地 | 0.10 | 城镇用地 | 0.49 | |||
草地 | 0.29 | 高度盖草地 | 0.40 | 农村居民点 | 0.29 | |||
中覆盖草地 | 0.39 | 其他建筑用地 | 0.22 | |||||
低覆盖草地 | 0.21 | 未利用地 | 0.07 | 裸地 | 0.29 | |||
耕地 | 0.22 | 水田 | 0.40 | 裸岩石砾 | 0.24 | |||
旱地 | 0.60 | 其他未利用地 | 0.47 |
表2 2018年辽宁省人居环境适宜性分区统计Table 2 Statistics of different environmental suitability of human settlements in Liaoning Province in 2018 |
人居环境适宜性分区 | 自然适宜性 | 人文适宜性 | 综合适宜性 | ||||||
面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | 面积/km2 | 占比/% | ||||
适宜地区 | 高度适宜地区 | 12 297.3 | 8.53 | 22 156.1 | 15.38 | 17 632.7 | 12.20 | ||
比较适宜地区 | 28 915.6 | 20.07 | 28 709.3 | 19.93 | 31 478.6 | 21.86 | |||
一般适宜地区 | 27 747.1 | 19.26 | 33 695.8 | 23.40 | 25 427.1 | 17.66 | |||
临界适宜地区 | 适宜性临界适宜地区 | 30 038.8 | 20.85 | 40 933.9 | 28.42 | 31 950.8 | 22.19 | ||
限制性临界适宜地区 | 34 584.3 | 24.01 | 14 210.1 | 9.90 | 32 168.1 | 22.34 | |||
不适宜地区 | 条件不适宜地区 | 9 768.8 | 6.70 | 3 201.1 | 2.20 | 4 818.3 | 3.35 | ||
永久不适宜地区 | 665.9 | 0.46 | 1 111.4 | 0.80 | 542.4 | 0.38 |
图6 2018年辽宁省人口密度、GDP密度空间分布Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of population density and GDP density in Liaoning Province in 2018 |
表3 人居环境评价因子与人口密度、GDP密度空间相关性系数Table 3 Correlation coefficient between human settlements indexes and population density, GDP density |
评价因子 | 与人口密度 相关系数 | 与GDP密度 相关系数 |
注:**表示在0.01水平上显著相关。 | ||
地形起伏度指数(RDLS) | -0.132** | -0.143** |
植被覆盖指数(NDVI) | 0.081** | 0.147** |
水文指数(WRI) | 0.068** | 0.046** |
温湿指数(THI) | 0.067** | 0.060** |
地被指数(LCI) | 0.176** | 0.162** |
夜间灯光指数(DMSP) | -0.213** | -0.194** |
陆地交通可达性指数(LTAI) | -0.135** | -0.186** |
空气质量指数(AQI) | -0.188** | -0.182** |
人居环境综合适宜性指数(HSCI) | 0.178** | 0.174** |
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