高质量区域空间格局构建下中国经济区划调整研究
李国平(1961—),男,黑龙江拜泉人,教授,博导,主要从事经济地理、区域经济、城市与区域规划研究。E-mail: lgp@pku.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-12-13
修回日期: 2023-12-20
网络出版日期: 2024-01-17
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20ZDA040)
版权
Adjusting territorial and economic zoning of China to build a high-quality regional spatial pattern
Received date: 2023-12-13
Revised date: 2023-12-20
Online published: 2024-01-17
Supported by
National Social Science Foundation of China(20ZDA040)
Copyright
经济区划调整对于塑造面向高质量发展的区域空间格局具有重要意义。本文梳理了1949年以来中国经济区域划分方案,分析了改革开放以来,东部、中部、西部和东北地区四大经济区的划分逻辑与影响。以规模经济、专业化分工以及知识要素为主导所形成的新空间集聚等第二性地理因素逐渐替代资源禀赋等第一性地理因素,成为区域经济增长的主要动力。当前,中国区域协调发展面临着“三北”经济增长乏力、区域差异扩大及区域经济增长差距由东西分化转变为南北分化等挑战。随着中心城市和城市群成为承载发展要素的主要空间形式,中国经济发展模式从外向型经济为主转变为内向型经济与外向型经济协调发展,经济空间格局也需进行相应调整。本文提出划分五大经济区域的新方案,将原来的四大经济区调整为东南、西南、东北、华北、西北五大经济区,从而强化经济区内部联系,更好地发挥区域中心城市的辐射带动作用,顺应构建高质量区域空间格局的需求。
李国平 , 朱婷 , 孙瑀 . 高质量区域空间格局构建下中国经济区划调整研究[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(1) : 20 -29 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20231164
The adjustment of economic zoning is of significant importance in constructing a regional spatial pattern conducive to high-quality development. This paper reviews the economic zoning schemes in China since 1949, and finds that the economic zoning is characterized by the socio-economic conditions and should meet the needs of economic and social development. This study analyzes the division logic and impact of the 4 major economic zones, which is eastern, central, western, and northeast zones since the reform and opening up, observing that these divisions have, to some extent, fostered regional coordinated development. The factors driving regional economic growth have shifted from the first geographical factors such as natural endowments to secondary geographical factors like spatial agglomeration formed by scale economy, specialized division of labor, and knowledge elements. In recent years, the development faces challenges such as the weak economic growth in the “Three Norths” (which means the northeast, north and northwest zones), expanding regional disparities, and a shift in regional economic growth from an “east faster-west slower” to a “south faster-north slower” pattern. With central cities and urban clusters becoming the main spatial form for carrying developmental elements, China’s economic development model has shifted from export-oriented to coordinated development of inward-oriented and export-oriented. The economic spatial pattern also needs to be adjusted accordingly. This paper proposes a new scheme of dividing China into 5 major economic zones: southeast, southwest, northeast, north, and northwest zones of China, so as to strengthen the intra-zone connections and better harnesses the radiating and leading role of regional central cities, aligning with the construction of a high-quality regional spatial pattern. Finally, the paper offers policy recommendations to address the issue of regional economic growth disparities. These include intensifying the construction of education, science and technology infrastructure in the northeast, notrthwest and southeast zones, strengthening the construction of national central cities and metropolitan areas in those zones, and formulating differentiated regional development policies based on the unique characteristics of each zone.
表1 经济区划代表性方案及内涵Table 1 Representative plans for economic zoning |
区划方案 | 内涵 |
资料来源:作者根据文献[2,9-18]整理。 | |
二分法 | 沿海、内地 |
三分法 | 东部地带、中部地带、西部地带 |
四分法 | 东部地区、中部地区、西部地区、东北地区 |
五分法 | 加工型、加工主导型、资源开发主导型、资源开发加工混合型和特殊型地区 |
六分法 | 东北、西北、华北、中南、西南、华东地区(方案一);东北区、黄河中下游区、长江中下游区、东南沿海区、西南区、西北区(方案二) |
七分法 | 东北、西北、华北、华东、华中、华南、西南地区 |
八分法 | 东北、西北、新疆、华北、华东、华中、华南、西南地区 |
九分法 | 东北沈阳城市经济区、华北京津城市经济区、西北西安城市经济区、华东上海城市经济区、华中武汉城市经济区、西南重庆城市经济区、东南沿海广州城市经济区、外西北乌鲁木齐城市经济区、青藏高原拉萨城市经济区 |
十分法 | 京津区、东北区、上海区、晋陕区、中南区、东南区、西南区、山东区、四川区、大西区 |
图1 2012—2022年中国东部、中部、西部和东北四大经济区GDP比重资料来源:根据国家统计局官网(https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01)数据整理分析; 港澳台数据暂缺 Fig. 1 The proportion of GDP in the eastern, central, western and northeast regions of China from 2012 to 2022 |
图2 2012—2022年中国南方地区与北方地区GDP比重资料来源:根据国家统计局官网(https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01) 整理分析;港澳台数据暂缺 Fig. 2 The proportion of GDP in the southern and northern regions of China from 2012 to 2022 |
表2 2012—2022年中国各地区GDP份额变动Table 2 Changes of GDP share of zones in China in 2012—2022 |
地区 | GDP份额/% | 份额增减 (百分点) | ||
2012年 | 2022年 | |||
资料来源:根据国家统计局官网(https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01)数据整理分析;港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||
北方地区 | 东北 | 6.91 | 4.81 | -2.10 |
西北 | 7.69 | 7.95 | 0.26 | |
华北 | 24.81 | 22.83 | -1.99 | |
南方地区 | 东南 | 48.67 | 51.00 | 2.33 |
西南 | 11.91 | 13.40 | 1.50 |
表3 2022年中国各地区人口与经济情况Table 3 Population and economy of zones of China in 2022 |
区域 | 土地面积 | 常住人口 | GDP | 人均GDP/万元 | |||||||
总量/万km2 | 比重/% | 总量/亿人 | 比重/% | 密度/人/km2 | 总量/万亿元 | 比重/% | |||||
资料来源:根据国家统计局官网(https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01)数据整理分析;港澳台数据暂缺。 | |||||||||||
北方地区 | 东北 | 80.63 | 8.40 | 0.96 | 6.84 | 119.61 | 5.79 | 4.81 | 6.01 | ||
西北 | 551.97 | 57.30 | 1.31 | 9.31 | 23.77 | 9.57 | 7.95 | 7.29 | |||
华北 | 69.29 | 7.20 | 3.45 | 24.46 | 497.66 | 27.47 | 22.83 | 7.97 | |||
小计 | 701.89 | 72.90 | 5.73 | 40.61 | 81.57 | 42.83 | 35.59 | 7.48 | |||
南方地区 | 东南 | 135.90 | 14.10 | 5.85 | 41.53 | 430.77 | 61.38 | 51.00 | 10.49 | ||
西南 | 125.06 | 13.00 | 2.52 | 17.86 | 201.37 | 16.13 | 13.40 | 6.41 | |||
小计 | 260.96 | 27.10 | 8.37 | 59.39 | 320.83 | 77.51 | 64.41 | 9.26 | |||
全国 | 合计 | 962.85 | 100 | 14.10 | 100 | 146.41 | 120.35 | 100 | 8.54 |
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