白洋淀流域水域空间格局变化及维持机制
李苗(1997—),女,四川资阳人,硕士,主要研究方向为生态水文学。E-mail: miao.li@mail.bnu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-03-10
修回日期: 2023-07-14
网络出版日期: 2024-07-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42071129)
国家自然科学基金项目(42271141)
版权
Shift of water bodies pattern and its maintenance mechanism in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin, China
Received date: 2023-03-10
Revised date: 2023-07-14
Online published: 2024-07-11
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071129)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271141)
Copyright
本文基于VIC(Variable Infiltration Capacity)水文模型,还原了白洋淀天然入淀径流量(即不受大坝干扰情境),结合实际入淀水量的组成,探究了白洋淀入淀径流量衰减过程、淀区水量维持变化以及流域陆地水储量的响应。研究结果表明:①白洋淀年均总入淀水量在天然状况下为23.79×108 m3,实际仅为8.59×108 m3,且总入淀水量呈减少趋势,2000年后流域内外调水成为入淀水量的重要组成部分;②模拟天然状况中,上游径流量能够维持淀区耗水量,在实际状况中,1960―1979年径流量基本能满足淀区耗水量需求,1980―1997年淀区出现长时间水量赤字,1998―2016年淀区耗水主要靠上游水库、黄河等流域内外调水补给;③白洋淀流域陆地水储量显著下降,西南流域下降趋势大于东北流域。白洋淀流域水资源减少,淀区来水与耗水失衡,且过度依赖人工调配水,增加了白洋淀流域水资源应对未来气候变化的不确定性。尤其在雄安新区建设背景下,实现淀区水生态保护与恢复目标面临更多挑战。
李苗 , 周家亮 , 杨薇 , 严登华 , 刘强 , 梁丽乔 , 王烜 , 李春晖 . 白洋淀流域水域空间格局变化及维持机制[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(6) : 1102 -1110 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20221201
Influenced by climate changes and anthropogenic activities, river discharge into Baiyangdian Lake has decreased dramatically, which has profoundly changed the spatial distribution pattern of water bodies in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin. The shift of water body pattern and its maintenance mechanism still remain uncertainty. This study simulated natural streamflow using VIC model, which was compared with actual observed streamflow to explain the streamflow reduction pattern, and distribution pattern of water bodies were also explored using GRACE data in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin, China. The results showed that: 1) The average annual inflow to Baiyangdian Lake was 23.79×108m3 for the natural scenario, while it was only 8.59 ×108m3 for the actual scenario and showed a decreasing trend; 2) The upstream river discharge may be meet the water consumption of Baiyangdian Lake for the natural scenario. Actually, the river discharge could meet the water consumption of the lake only in 1960—1979, and the lake had a long-term water deficit in 1980—1997, and was mainly recharged by an ecological water supply project in 1998—2016; 3) Terrestrial water storage in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin decreased significantly, and the decrease was greater in the southwestern basin than in the northeastern basin. Reduced water resources, an imbalance between water supply and consumption of Baiyangdian Lake, and over-reliance on artificial water allocation increase the water resource risk in the Baiyangdian Lake Basin. In particular, implementing the Xiong’an New Area Project has brought additional challenges to securing water resources in a changing climate, especially in water resource management and regulation.
图2 VIC模型校正与验证,以及实际与模拟入淀水量的变化a~f分别为水文站紫荆关、东茨村和中唐梅率定期与验证期;g为模拟入淀水量与李传哲等[32]模拟入淀水量对比; h为各时期实际入淀水量(Qo)、水库补水(Qdam)和调水(Qwr)量;NSE为纳什效率系数;Er为相对误差 Fig. 2 Model calibration and validation, and the actual and simulated streamflow flowed into the Baiyangdian Lake Basin |
表1 入淀河流实际径流量Table 1 Actual streamflow finto the Baiyagndian Lake |
潴龙河 | 孝义河 | 唐河 | 漕河 | 瀑河 | 萍河 | 拒马河 | 径流总量 | |
最小值/108m3 | 1.43 | 0.09 | 0.87 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 1.52 | 4.25 |
最大值/108m3 | 17.99 | 2.50 | 13.59 | 2.63 | 1.50 | 1.14 | 19.58 | 56.15 |
平均值/108m3 | 6.82 | 0.90 | 5.50 | 0.96 | 0.53 | 0.36 | 7.96 | 23.79 |
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