生态敏感网络构建及其修复格局研究
陈谢扬(1994—),男,陕西西安人,博士研究生,主要从事区域发展与资源环境研究。E-mail: 754866660@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2023-01-05
修回日期: 2023-08-14
网络出版日期: 2024-08-21
版权
Ecologically sensitive networks: Construction of an ecological structural model of negative effects
Received date: 2023-01-05
Revised date: 2023-08-14
Online published: 2024-08-21
Copyright
生态敏感网络是通过建立生态敏感离散、孤立区域在结构功能上的相互联系,模拟生态敏感区域间负面生态联系的一种生态结构模型。本文首先界定生态敏感网络相关概念,构建生态敏感网络研究框架,以陕西省为案例,采用物质量评估的方法评价其生态敏感性,在此基础上构建生态敏感网络,结果如下:① 陕西省生态敏感性空间分布差异显著,极敏感区和敏感区主要分布在长城北部风沙高原、陕北黄土高原、关中平原、陕南低山丘陵盆地和渭北高原丘陵沟壑区。② 共筛选出生态敏感源地34块、敏感节点50处、敏感廊道77条,生态敏感网络在陕西省北部分布较为密集,中部稀疏,南部基本不存在。③ 黄龙山–子午岭对阻滞生态敏感网络密集区域与稀疏区域间的联系起重要作用,秦岭山脉对阻滞生态敏感网络负面生态流向生态功能重要区域流动起关键作用。④ 生态修复格局表明可以通过增加生态修复斑块,在河流与交通修复廊道中预留相应的生态修复空间,以更好的阻滞敏感源间的生态流动。研究结果可为完善生态修复格局构建提供科学依据。
陈谢扬 , 朱炳臣 , 李同昇 , 李炬霖 , 朱小青 , 徐博 . 生态敏感网络构建及其修复格局研究[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(9) : 1619 -1629 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230176
Ecologically sensitive network is a kind of ecological structure model that simulates negative ecological links between ecologically sensitive areas by establishing interconnections between ecologically sensitive discrete and isolated areas in terms of structure and function. This paper first defines the concepts related to ecological sensitivity network, constructs the research framework of ecological sensitivity network, takes Shaanxi Province as a case study, evaluates its ecological sensitivity using the method of physical quality assessment, and constructs the ecological sensitivity network on the basis of the results are as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of ecological sensitivity in Shaanxi Province varies significantly, and the extremely sensitive areas and sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the wind-sand plateau north of the Great Wall, the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi Province and the Guanzhong Plain, southern Shaanxi Low Hilly Basin and northern Weibei Plateau Hilly Gully Area. 2) A total of 34 ecologically sensitive patches, 50 sensitive nodes and 77 sensitive corridors have been screened out, and the ecologically sensitive network is densely distributed in the northern part of Shaanxi Province, sparsely distributed in the central part of the province, and basically non-existent in the southern part. 3) The Huanglong Mountains-Ziwu Ridge plays an important role in blocking the connection between dense and sparse ecologically sensitive network areas, and the Qinling Mountain Range plays a key role in blocking the flow of negative ecological flows from ecologically sensitive networks to ecologically functionally important areas. 4) The ecological restoration pattern suggests that ecological restoration space can be reserved in river and traffic restoration corridors by increasing ecological restoration patches to better block ecological flows between sensitive sources. The results of the study can provide a scientific basis for improving the construction of ecological restoration patterns.
表1 数据来源及说明Table 1 Data sources and description |
数据类型 | 数据说明 | 数据来源 | 时间 分辨率 | 空间 分辨率 |
降水量 | 陕西省逐年年降水量空间插值数据集(1990—2020年) | 国家气象科学数据中心 https://data.cma.cn/ [2023-01-20] | 日 | 1 km×1 km |
气温 | 陕西省逐年年均气温空间插值数据集(1990—2020年) | 日 | 1 km×1 km | |
风速 | 陕西省大风日数数据(1990—2020年) | 日 | 无 | |
DEM | 陕西省DEM数据 | 地理国情监测云平台 http://www.dsac.cn/ [2023-01-20] | 无 | 1 km×1 km |
行政界线 | 陕西省行政区划数据 | 无 | 1 km×1 km | |
交通路网 | 陕西省交通现状及路网数据数据 | 无 | 1 km×1 km | |
生态系统类型 | 2019年陕西省地理国情监测数据地表覆盖分类图层 | 年 | 1 km×1 km | |
土地利用 | 陕西省土地利用数据(2020年) | 年 | 1 km×1 km | |
地形坡度 | 陕西省DEM数据生成 | 无 | 1 km×1 km | |
植被覆盖 | 陕西省2019年MODIS NDVI数据 | 地理科学数据网 http://www.csdn.store/portal.html [2023-01-20] | 月 | 1 km×1 km |
基础设施 | 陕西省基础设施数据 | 陕西省统计年鉴 http://tjj.shaanxi.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/tjnj/ [2023-01-20] | 年 | 无 |
土壤质地 | 陕西省第二次土壤普查数据集(1979—1990年) | 地球系统科学数据共享平台 http://soil.geodata.cn/ [2023-01-20] | 年 | 1 km×1 km |
表2 阻力因子阻力值分级与权重Table 2 Resistance factor resistance value grading and weighting |
阻力因子 | 阻力值 | 权重 | ||||
1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | ||
高程/m | <734 | [734,1083] | (1083,1387] | (1387,1826] | >1826 | 0.58 |
坡度/(°) | <6 | [6,14] | (14,22] | (22,32] | >32 | 0.16 |
地表覆盖类型 | 建设用地 | 未利用地 | 耕地 | 草地 | 林地和水域 | 0.29 |
距公路距离/m | <500 | [500,1500] | (1500,3500] | (3500,5000] | >5000 | 0.11 |
距铁路距离/m | <500 | [500,2000] | (2000,3500] | (3500,5000] | >5000 | 0.11 |
距水体距离/m | <500 | [500,2000] | (2000,3500] | (3500,5000] | >5000 | 0.13 |
距建设用地距离/m | <500 | [500,1500] | (1500,3500] | (3500,5000] | >5000 | 0.15 |
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