候鸟人口的迁移特征、动因与效应研究进展及人文地理学视角的研究展望
陈曦(1987—),女,吉林长春人,博士,副教授,主要从事人口地理学、区域经济学研究。E-mail: chenxi2016@jlu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-06-18
修回日期: 2023-12-11
网络出版日期: 2024-09-14
版权
Migration characteristics, motivations and effects of the migratory birds and research prospects from the perspective of Human Geography
Received date: 2023-06-18
Revised date: 2023-12-11
Online published: 2024-09-14
Copyright
候鸟人口本质为季节性迁移的流动人口,其迁移特征、动因与效应是人口迁移研究的重要主题之一。本文通过综述相关研究文献,系统总结了候鸟人口识别路径、迁移规模与特征、迁移动因、社会效应与社会融入等研究进展。研究认为,候鸟人口以中老年为主,在寻求提高幸福感的前提下向自然环境优越的地区进行远距离、长周期与大规模的往复迁移;在迁移动因方面,生活环境、社会关系、经济动因和医疗卫生服务是影响候鸟人口迁移的主要因素。迁移社会效应方面的相关研究仍具有一定争论,候鸟人口迁移对社会经济产生了多重效应,一方面多数学者肯定了候鸟人口对当地经济发展水平、产业结构调整与社会互动水平具有积极效应,另一方面部分学者认为候鸟人口的往复流动造成了当地旺季公共服务资源紧缺、淡季部分商业土地浪费。此外,候鸟人口的社会融入问题逐步受到学者重视,普遍认为候鸟人口社会融入度较低。基于此,继续深入整合人口学、地理学、经济学、社会学等学科知识并拓宽候鸟人口的识别和数据采集方法,从人文地理学视角分析“候鸟时代”的人口迁移特征,加大对“候鸟人才”“逆向候鸟”“太阳鸟”“跨境候鸟”等新领域的研究,为第二居住地规划与社会政策制定提供理论依据。
陈曦 , 吴英巨 , 朱建华 . 候鸟人口的迁移特征、动因与效应研究进展及人文地理学视角的研究展望[J]. 地理科学, 2024 , 44(9) : 1565 -1576 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20231174
The migratory birds, constituting individuals engaged in seasonal migration, represents a prominent area of inquiry in the study of population migration. This article presents a comprehensive synthesis of pertinent scholarly literature, systematically summarizing the identification pathways, migration scale and characteristics, migration motivations, social effects, and social integration pertaining to the migratory birds. Current research indicates that the migratory birds, primarily comprising middle-aged and elderly individuals, undertake extensive, long-term, and large-scale migrations to regions endowed with superior natural environments, driven by their quest for enhanced well-being. Migration motivation is influenced by factors encompassing living environments, social relationships, economic motivations, and healthcare services. Ongoing researches on the social effects of migration continue to generate debate. The migratory birds exert multifaceted impacts on the socio-economic fabric, with the majority of scholars acknowledging their positive effects on local economic development, industrial restructuring, and social interactions. However, a subset of scholars posits that the cyclical flow of the migratory birds engenders challenges such as seasonal shortages of public service resources during peak periods and underutilization of commercial land during off-peak seasons. Moreover, the issue of social integration of the migratory birds has gained increasing scholarly attention, with a prevailing consensus that the migratory birds exhibit relatively low levels of social integration. Further endeavors to deepen interdisciplinary integration of disciplines such as demography, geography, and sociology, while expanding the repertoire of identification and data collection methodologies for the migratory birds, should be directed towards an exploration of the distinctive characteristics of population migration in the “era of the migratory birds” from the perspective of human geography. This entails heightened research focus on emerging domains such as “migratory talent”“reverse migration”“sunbird” and “cross-border migrants” thereby facilitating the provision of a more scientifically rigorous foundation for second place of residence planning and social policy development.
表1 发表于国际期刊的候鸟人口关键词时间线Table 1 Keywords timeline of migratory bird populations published in international journals |
年份 | 关键词 |
注:黑体字为核心关键词。 | |
1991―1994 | mobility, double jeopardy, cultural identity, Germany |
1995―1999 | good life, developed state, behavior, labor, migrant, United States, seasonal migration |
2000―2004 | identity, elderly migration, remittance, international migration |
2005―2009 | living standard, lifestyle migration, Africa, gender, retirement migration, immigrant, return, migration, network, inequality, income, poverty, citizenship, northern, international retirement migration, health, New Zealand |
2010―2014 | consequence, labor migration, community, displacement, criminal tribe, children, attachment, place, pattern |
2015―2019 | domestic organization, multiple residence, satisfaction, agricultural worker, circular migration, care work, 2nd generation, assimilation, consumption, women, coping strategy, transnational aging, loneliness, accession |
2020―2022 | social ties, British community, social field, politics, life style, British migrant, perspective ageing migrant, China, adult, Geography |
2023 | worker programme, 2nd home, time |
表2 发表于国内期刊的候鸟人口关键词时间线Table 2 Keyword timelines of migratory bird populations published in domestic journals |
年份 | 关键词 |
注:黑体字为核心关键词。 | |
2005―2009 | 养老,海南,旅游养老,目的地,开发模式,养老模式,家庭养老,养老产业,发展趋势,发展思路,类型,特点,老年人,产品开发,海南省,养老院,健康养老,旅游,和谐社会,昆明市,市场营销,江西,异地养老,对策,机构养老,现状 |
2010―2014 | 老龄化,候鸟式,候鸟老人,老年娱乐,老年旅游,社会保障,战略体系,互动养老,异地就医,离退休,增值服务,养老地产,影响因素,旅游,营销策略,休闲体育,旅居养老,乡村旅游,旅游产品,需求,思考,心理需求,医疗救助 |
2015―2019 | 养老旅游,全域旅游,农村养老,养老服务,候鸟养老,候鸟,产业基础,乡村养老,京津冀,医养融合,优化,养老方式,对策建议,三亚市,发展模式决策过程,个人因素,产业发展,互联网+,保健旅游,健康管理,产业融合,三亚,三社联动,医疗保障,社会融入,发展路径消费行为,保障措施,行为意向,发展路径,乡村振兴,养老意愿 |
2020―2022 | 住房需求,扬州,人口结构,养老困境,医疗服务体系,养老对策,康养旅游,保障机制,介入,供需理论,社会工作,云南,扩大内需,合院居所,一体化,健护产品,居家养老,休闲农业,东北三省,常住老人,定向运动,抗逆力,医疗保障,社会融入,互联网,传统村落,优化路径,消费行为,公寓,养老意愿,文化旅游 |
2023 | 计量分析,文献综述,主题述评,养生旅游 |
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