浙江省乡村地域人口迁移的空间特征及转型发展效应
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佟伟铭(1987—),女,吉林长春人,博士,副教授,主要从事城乡发展关系研究。E-mail: tongweiming@zjut.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-06-27
修回日期: 2023-10-22
网络出版日期: 2025-03-14
基金资助
教育部人文社科研究项目(23YJC790127)
浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(23YJZX21YB)
浙江省社科联研究课题(2025N086)
国家自然科学基金项目(42071159)
版权
Spatial characteristics of rural population migration and its impact on rural transformation and development of Zhejiang Province
Received date: 2023-06-27
Revised date: 2023-10-22
Online published: 2025-03-14
Supported by
Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(23YJC790127)
Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(23YJZX21YB)
Research Project of the Federation of Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province(2025N086)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071159)
Copyright
乡村转型发展是实现乡村振兴的重要抓手,乡村地域人口迁移直接影响着乡村转型发展的进程。本文从乡村地域人口迁入、人口迁出和人口回流3种迁移类型建构乡村地域人口迁移与乡村转型发展间的理论分析框架,基于浙江省乡村地域人口迁移与乡村转型发展问卷调研,借助GIS分析、空间自相关和多元线性计量模型,探究乡村地域人口迁移空间特征及转型发展效应。研究发现:①浙江省乡村地域人口迁移呈现出显著的空间分异特征,人口迁入、人口迁出、人口回流规模具有明显的差异,并呈现出“自南向北、自东向西”阶梯式逐渐增强的空间格局。②浙江省乡村地域人口迁出和人口回流均具有正的空间相关性,存在高值集聚或低值集聚现象,环杭州湾城市群出现乡村地域人口迁移高值聚类区域,而浙西南的边缘地带出现乡村地域人口迁移低值聚类区域。③乡村地域迁移人口的社会经济特征、迁移特征、迁移目的以及对乡村转型发展的贡献与促进作用是影响乡村转型发展的主要因素;人口迁入、人口迁出和人口回流能够在不同程度上影响乡村转型发展。
佟伟铭 , 郑金辉 , 郭加新 , 蒋语欣 . 浙江省乡村地域人口迁移的空间特征及转型发展效应[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(3) : 578 -589 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230564
The rural transformation and development is a crucial lever for achieving rural revitalization, and the population migration of rural areas directly impacts the trajectory of rural transformation and development. This paper constructs a theoretical analytical framework for examining the relationship between the population migration of rural areas and the rural transformation and development, considering 3 migration types in terms of the migration-in, migration-out, and migration return. Based on a questionnaire survey of the population migration of rural areas and the rural transformation and development in Zhejiang Province, this article adopts the GIS analysis, the spatial autocorrelation, and multiple linear regression models to investigate spatial characteristics of the population migration of rural areas and its effects on the transformation and development. First, the result shows that the population migration of rural areas in Zhejiang Province has a significant spatial differentiation with 3 patterns in terms of the migration-in, migration-out, and migration return. A spatial pattern characterized by a gradual enhancement from south to north and from east to west is observed. Second, both the migration-out and migration return in Zhejiang Province show positive spatial autocorrelations, which indicates the presence of high-value clustering or low-value clustering. High-value clustering areas of population migration of rural areas are observed around the Hangzhou Bay urban agglomeration. In contrast, low-value clustering areas are identified in the southwestern periphery of Zhejiang. Third, socioeconomic characteristics of the migration population of rural areas, migration patterns, migration objectives, and their contributions and facilitations of the rural transformation and development are main factors that influence the rural transformation and development. Moreover, the migration-in, migration-out, and migration return exert varying degrees of influence on the rural transformation and development.
表1 问卷设计问题主要变量说明Table 1 Variable descriptions of question in questionnaire |
| 变量类别 | 变量名称 | 变量编码 | 变量类别 | 变量名称 | 变量编码 | |
| 社会经济特征 | 性别 | 虚拟编码 | 对乡村转型 发展贡献 | 技术带回乡 | 虚拟编码 | |
| 年龄 | 虚拟编码 | 商业意识带回乡 | 虚拟编码 | |||
| 婚姻状态 | 虚拟编码 | 商业项目带回乡 | 虚拟编码 | |||
| 本科 | 虚拟编码 | 管理经验带回乡 | 虚拟编码 | |||
| 硕士及以上 | 虚拟编码 | 行业资源带回乡 | 虚拟编码 | |||
| 有职业证书 | 虚拟编码 | 城市生活与消费理念带回乡 | 虚拟编码 | |||
| 户口类型 | 虚拟编码 | 城市文化带回乡 | 虚拟编码 | |||
| 月收入 | 连续变量 | 成为乡贤 | 虚拟编码 | |||
| 迁移特征 | 人口迁出 | 虚拟编码 | 创造了就业岗位 | 虚拟编码 | ||
| 人口迁入 | 虚拟编码 | 对乡村转型发 展促进作用 | 促进乡村经济转型发展 | 连续变量 | ||
| 迁移到当前就业地年限 | 连续变量 | 促进乡村社会转型发展 | 连续变量 | |||
| 返乡频率 | 连续变量 | 促进乡村空间环境转型发展 | 连续变量 | |||
| 在迁出地买房 | 虚拟编码 | 促进农业发展 | 连续变量 | |||
| 户口迁移到城镇 | 虚拟编码 | 促进农产品加工业发展 | 连续变量 | |||
| 配偶共同迁出 | 虚拟编码 | 促进农业机械化水平提高 | 连续变量 | |||
| 未成年子女共同迁出 | 虚拟编码 | 促进乡村工业发展 | 连续变量 | |||
| 迁移目的 | 就业 | 虚拟编码 | 促进乡村服务业与商业发展 | 连续变量 | ||
| 创业 | 虚拟编码 | 提高村里的教育条件 | 连续变量 | |||
| 当前就业地感知 | 整体生活满意度 | 连续变量 | 提高村里的医疗水平 | 连续变量 | ||
| 融入程度 | 连续变量 | 改善村里的交通条件 | 连续变量 | |||
| 对乡村转型发展贡献 | 资金回乡 | 虚拟编码 | 改善村里的生态环境 | 连续变量 |
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