中国科技型企业的空间分布及影响因素
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于英杰(1996—),女,山东威海人,博士研究生,研究方向为科技创新与区域发展。E-mail: yingjieyu202401@163.com |
收稿日期: 2023-12-16
修回日期: 2024-03-25
网络出版日期: 2025-04-07
基金资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD330)
版权
Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of technology-oriented enterprises in China
Received date: 2023-12-16
Revised date: 2024-03-25
Online published: 2025-04-07
Supported by
National Social Science Foundation of China(23&ZD330)
Copyright
科技型企业是塑造城市创新空间的第一动力,已成为各国提高综合国力的关键力量。本文利用POI地理大数据定量分析中国科技型企业的空间分布特征及其影响因素。研究发现:① 中国科技型企业总体呈现“东强西弱”的梯度递减趋势,符合胡焕庸线分布规律,空间上形成“三核心–两环带–多核点”的集聚模式;② 大型企业集中于长江以北,以长三角和京津冀为核心,中型企业在珠三角及长三角南部占优势,中西部地区则以小微型企业为主;③ 制造业、科学研究和技术服务业、信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业是科技型企业的三大主导行业,制造业呈现以长三角和珠三角为高密度核心区,科学研究和技术服务业形成东部高值聚集、中部哑铃状扩散、西部单核块状分布,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业主要沿东部沿海、黄河流域地区及长江经济带分布;④ 市场环境、产业政策、经济实力等因素对企业影响显著,其中大型企业更依赖人力资本,中小微企业更依赖于政府政策支持、市场环境和经济环境。各行业均受政策影响最大,制造业还受市场结构和产业布局影响,服务业则高度依赖人才、经济水平和产业环境。
于英杰 , 杜德斌 , 段德忠 . 中国科技型企业的空间分布及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(3) : 518 -530 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20230587
Technology-oriented enterprises are the primary drivers of urban innovation spaces and have become a key force for countries to enhance their comprehensive national strength. This study utilizes Point of Interest (POI) geographic big data to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of technology-oriented enterprises in China. The findings are as follows: 1) The overall distribution of technology-oriented enterprises in China exhibits a gradient decline from east to west, conforming to the distribution pattern of the Hu Line, with a micro-scale clustering model of “three cores-two rings-multiple nuclei”; 2) Large enterprises are concentrated north of the Yangtze River, mainly in the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, while medium-sized enterprises dominate in the Pearl River Delta and the southern part of the Yangtze River Delta, and micro-enterprises prevail in the central and western regions; 3) Manufacturing, scientific research and technical services, information transmission, software, and information technology services are the three leading industries among technology-oriented enterprises. Manufacturing is characterized by high-density core areas in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, scientific research, and technical services form high-value clusters in the east, dumbbell diffusion in the middle, and single-core block distribution in the west. Information transmission, software, and information technology services are primarily distributed along the eastern coastal area , Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Economic Belt; 4) Market environment, industrial policy, and economic strength significantly impact these enterprises, with larger enterprises relying more on human capital and small and micro enterprises depending more on government policy support, market environment, and economic conditions. All industries are most affected by policies, with manufacturing also influenced by market structure and industrial layout, and the service industry highly dependent on talent, economic level, and industrial environment.
表1 负二项回归结果Table 1 Negative binomial regression results |
| 模型1 (ENTsum) | 模型2 (ENTmax) | 模型3 (ENTmed) | 模型4 (ENTmin) | 模型5 (ENTmini) | 模型6 (ENTmanu) | 模型7 (ENTsci-ser) | 模型8 (ENTinf-ser) | |
| 注:显著性水平***:P<0.01,**:P<0.05,*:P<0.1;括号内为标准误;ENTsum、ENTmax、ENTmed、ENTmin、ENTmini、ENTmanu、ENTsci-ser、ENTinf-ser分别表示中国各城市科技型企业总数,大型规模企业数,中型规模企业数,小型规模企业数,微型规模企业数,制造业企业数,科学研究和技术服务业企业数,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业企业数;城市内外交通连通水平(TRA)、市场环境(MAR)、金融环境(FIN)、人力资本(HC)、创新创业环境(ENT)、创新基础设施(INF)、产业环境(IND)、政策环境(POL)、经济实力(ECO);港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||||||
| TRA | –0.252 (0.403) | –0.119 (0.384) | –0.352 (0.329) | –0.279 (0.168) | –0.289 (0.364) | –0.097 (0.366) | –0.128 (0.480) | –0.525 (0.474) |
| MAR | 0.652*** (0.909) | 1.531*** (0.763) | 1.257*** (0.254) | 0.542*** (0.199) | 0.584** (0.973) | 0.874*** (0.791) | 0.766*** (0.870) | 0.871** (0.975) |
| FIN | –0.349 (0.275) | –0.499 (0.445) | –0.039 (0.369) | –0.224 (0.466) | –0.319 (0.209) | 0.376 (0.317) | –0.089 (0.339) | 0.352 (0.299) |
| HC | 0.360** (0.217) | 0.803*** (0.237) | 0.616** (0.261) | 0.398 (0.125) | 0.423 (0.349) | 0.493** (0.580) | 0.650*** (0.187) | 0.554*** (0.158) |
| ENT | 0.447 (0.594) | 0.673 (0.532) | 0.277 (0.287) | 0.783 (0.146) | 0.253 (0.329) | 0.259 (0.145) | 0.368 (0.389) | 0.681** (0.399) |
| INF | 0.755* (0.702) | 0.528* (0.486) | 0.343 (0.297) | 0.279 (0.521) | 0.577 (0.618) | 0.873 (0.672) | 0.220 (0.758) | 0.754 (0.162) |
| IND | 0.579*** (0.419) | 1.397*** (0.473) | 0.644** (0.497) | 0.616 (0.511) | 0.712 (0.431) | 0.616*** (0.386) | 0.269** (0.455) | 0.423*** (0.425) |
| POL | 0.761*** (0.261) | 0.826*** (0.885) | 1.152*** (0.205) | 1.559*** (0.216) | 1.187*** (0.245) | 1.309*** (0.121) | 1.273*** (0.219) | 1.336** (0.377) |
| ECO | 0.348*** (0.679) | 0.358** (0.366) | 0.548 (0.387) | 0.475** (0.461) | 0.275*** (0.506) | 0.259** (0.609) | 0.382*** (0.107) | 0.292** (0.141) |
| 常数项 | 1.070 (0.319) | –1.954 (0.336) | 0.705 (0.388) | 1.845 (0.368) | 0.884 (0.083) | 1.054 (0.077) | 0.819 (0.254) | −0.385 (0.369) |
| 样本数 | 296 | 296 | 296 | 296 | 296 | 296 | 296 | 296 |
| Prob>chi2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Loglikelihood | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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