2001—2021年大兴安岭野火时空格局演变及影响因素分析
|
李明星(1997—),女,内蒙古通辽人,硕士研究生,主要从事森林草原火灾风险评价研究。E-mail: 15934990897@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-03-13
修回日期: 2024-06-20
网络出版日期: 2025-06-24
基金资助
内蒙古自治区重点研发与成果转化计划项目(2022YFSH0132)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2022JBQN055)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2022JBY031)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023QN04004)
版权
Temporal and spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of wildfire in the Da Hinggan Mountains from 2001 to 2021
Received date: 2024-03-13
Revised date: 2024-06-20
Online published: 2025-06-24
Supported by
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Research and Development and Achievement Transformation Program Project(2022YFSH0132)
Basic Research Funds for Universities Directly Under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2022JBQN055)
Basic Research Funds for Universities Directly Under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2022JBY031)
Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023QN04004)
Copyright
本文基于MCD64A1火烧迹地数据,采用空间分析法和集合经验模态分解法分析大兴安岭野火时空格局演变,利用逻辑回归模型,揭示影响大兴安岭野火发生的关键因素。结果表明:2001—2021年大兴安岭野火过火面积总体呈递减趋势,季节变化表现为主要集中在春秋两季,其中春季过火面积占全年的73%。从空间分布上看,大兴安岭春季野火主要聚集于研究区东北部以及中部区域,而夏、秋、冬季野火则多集中在研究区中部。此外,春秋两季野火在空间上呈较高的聚集性。近20 a研究区37%的区域野火面积呈上升趋势,而63%的区域呈减少趋势。按影响因子对野火发生概率的影响程度大小排序依次为:居民点密度>月总降水量>水系网密度>月平均饱和水汽压差>植被类型>坡向>月平均风速>坡度>道路网密度>海拔高度,表明大兴安岭人为因子、与湿度相关的因子以及植被因子是野火发生的关键影响因素。
李明星 , 丽娜 , 那日苏 , 银山 , 许志丽 , 毕力格 . 2001—2021年大兴安岭野火时空格局演变及影响因素分析[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(6) : 1355 -1368 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240163
This study systematically analyzes the spatiotemporal pattern evolution characteristics of wildfires in the Da Hinggan Mountains by comprehensively applying spatial analysis and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) methods, based on the MCD64A1 burned area dataset. Additionally, by constructing a logistic regression model, this research deeply reveals the key driving factors influencing wildfire occurrence in this region. The research results show that during the period of 2001—2021, the overall burned area of wildfires in the Da Hinggan Mountains showed a significant decreasing trend. In terms of seasonal distribution characteristics, wildfire occurrences were mainly concentrated in spring and autumn, with the burned area in spring accounting for 73% of the annual total. In terms of spatial distribution characteristics, spring wildfires in the Da Hinggan Mountains exhibit a significant clustering pattern, primarily concentrated in the northeastern and central regions of the study area. The spatial distribution of summer, autumn, and winter wildfires is relatively centralized, with the central part of the study area as the core region. Further analysis shows that wildfires in spring and autumn have a high degree of spatial clustering. Monitoring data over the past 20 years indicate that the burned area has shown an upward trend in 37% of the study area, while a downward trend has been observed in 63% of the area, demonstrating remarkable spatial heterogeneity. The influencing factors were ranked by their impact on wildfire occurrence probability as follows: settlement density > monthly total precipitation > water system density > monthly average saturation vapor pressure deficit > vegetation type > slope aspect > monthly average wind speed > slope gradient > road network density > altitude. These findings highlight that anthropogenic factors, humidity-related variables, and vegetation types are critical drivers of wildfire occurrence in the Da Hinggan Mountains, providing a scientific basis for regional wildfire prevention and ecological management.
Key words: wildfire; MCD64A1; logistic regression; the Da Hinggan Mountains
图6 2001—2021年大兴安岭不同季节野火面积占比的空间变化率1漠河市;2塔河县;3呼玛县;4额尔古纳市;5根河市;6鄂伦春自治旗;7加格达奇区;8莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗;9阿荣旗;10牙克石市;11陈巴尔虎旗;12鄂温克族自治旗;13新巴尔虎左旗;14阿尔山市;15扎兰屯市;16扎赉特旗;17科尔沁右翼前旗;18突泉县;19科尔沁右翼中旗;20扎鲁特旗;21阿鲁科尔沁旗;22巴林左旗;23巴林右旗;24林西县;25克什克腾旗;26翁牛特旗;27赤峰市区;28敖汉旗;29朝阳市建平县;30喀喇沁旗;31赤峰市宁城县 Fig. 6 Spatial change rate of wildfire area proportion in different seasons in the Da Hinggan Mountains from 2001 to 2021 |
表1 模型参数与检验结果Table 1 Model variables and test result |
| 模型变量 | 回归系数 | 标准误差 | 卡方值 | 显著性 | 回归系数的指数函数Exp (b) |
| 月总降水量 | 0.470 | 0.027 | 291.959 | 0.000 | 1.600 |
| 月平均风速 | -0.269 | 0.036 | 54.903 | 0.000 | 0.764 |
| 月平均饱和水汽压差 | 0.242 | 0.051 | 22.962 | 0.000 | 1.274 |
| 海拔高度 | -1.181 | 0.061 | 377.101 | 0.000 | 0.307 |
| 坡向 | 0.019 | 0.020 | 0.913 | 0.339 | 1.019 |
| 坡度 | -0.623 | 0.029 | 461.202 | 0.000 | 0.536 |
| 植被类型 | 0.208 | 0.022 | 87.256 | 0.000 | 1.231 |
| 居民点密度 | 1.273 | 0.099 | 166.496 | 0.000 | 3.571 |
| 道路网密度 | -0.677 | 0.089 | 57.316 | 0.000 | 0.508 |
| 水系网密度 | 0.314 | 0.021 | 225.537 | 0.000 | 1.369 |
| 常量 | -0.740 | 0.022 | 0.000 | 0.477 |
| [1] |
周道玮, 岳秀泉. 论野火的三属性[J]. 草业科学, 1998(6):65-68.
Zhou Daowei, Yue Xiuquan. On three attributes of wildfire. Pratacultural Science, 1998(6):65-68.
|
| [2] |
吴月圆, 舒立福, 王明玉, 等. 近年世界森林火灾综述[J]. 温带林业研究, 2022, 5(4):49-54.
Wu Yueyuan, Shu Lifu, Wang Mingyu et al. A review of forest fires worldwide in recent years. Journal of Temperate Forestry Reasearch, 2022, 5(4):49-54.
|
| [3] |
徐书兴, 吴倩倩, 乔殿学, 等. 蒙古东部野火时空格局及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2021, 41(2):83-91.
Xu Shuxing, Wu Qianqian, Qiao Dianxue et al. Spatiotemporal pattern and effecting factors of wildfire in eastern Mongolia. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(2):83-91.
|
| [4] |
彭道福, 乐旭, 朱君, 等. 2019—2020年北极野火极端事件的气象成因解析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2023, 28(2):195-206.
Peng Daofu, Yue Xu, Zhu Jun et al. Exploration of the meteorological drivers of extreme wildfire events in the Arctic during 2019—2020. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2023, 28(2):195-206.
|
| [5] |
Sophie L, Wilkinson R, Andersen P A et al. Wildfire and degradation accelerate northern peatland carbon release. Nature Climate Change, 2023, 13:456-461.
|
| [6] |
孙龙, 王千雪, 魏书精, 等. 气候变化背景下我国森林火灾灾害的响应特征及展望[J]. 灾害学, 2014, 29(1):12-17.
Sun Long, Wang Qianxue, Wei Shujing et al. Response characteristics and prospect of forest fire disasters in the context of climate change in China. Journal of Catastrophology, 2014, 29(1):12-17.
|
| [7] |
Zong Xuezheng , Tian Xiaorui, Yao Qichao et al. An analysis of fatalities from forest fires in China, 1951—2018. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 2022, 31(5):507-517.
|
| [8] |
舒立福, 张小罗, 戴兴安, 等. 林火研究综述(Ⅱ)——林火预测预报[J]. 世界林业研究, 2003(4):34-37.
Shu Lifu, Zhang Xiaoluo, Dai Xingan et al. Forest fire research (Ⅱ): Fire forecast. World Forestry Research, 2003(4):34-37.
|
| [9] |
Parente J, Pereira M G, Amraoui M et al. Negligent and intentional fires in Portugal: Spatial distribution characterization. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 624:424-437.
|
| [10] |
乔泽宇, 房磊, 张悦楠, 等. 2001—2017年我国森林火灾时空分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(1):55-64.
Qiao Zeyu, Fang Lei, Zhang Yuenan et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of forest fires in China between 2001 and 2017. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(1):55-64.
|
| [11] |
何诚, 巩垠熙, 张思玉, 等. 基于MODIS数据的森林火险时空分异规律研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2013, 33(9):2472-2477.
He Cheng, Gong Yinxi, Zhang Siyu et al. Forest fire division by using MODIS data based on the temporal-spatial variation law. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013, 33(9):2472-2477.
|
| [12] |
陈京弘, 田晓瑞, 舒立福. 2005—2007年西南地区卫星监测热点分析[J]. 森林防火, 2009(4):33-35.
Chen Jinghong, Tian Xiaorui, Shu Lifu. Analysis of satellite monitoring hotspots in southwest China from 2005 to 2007. Forest Fire Prevention, 2009(4):33-35.
|
| [13] |
王健, 杜玉玲, 高钊, 等. 基于MODIS时序数据的大兴安岭火烧迹地时空变化及其森林恢复研究[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2023, 36(2):1-9.
Wang Jian, Du Yuling, Gao Zhao et al. Spatial and temporal changes of burned areas and its forest restoration in the Greater Khingan Mountains based on MODIS time series data. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2023, 36(2):1-9.
|
| [14] |
萨如拉, 周庆, 刘鑫晔, 等. 1980—2015年内蒙古森林火灾的时空动态[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43(2):137-143.
Sa Rula, Zhou Qing, Liu Xinye et al. Studies on the spatial and temporal dynamic of forest fires in Inner Mongolia from 1980 to 2015. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2019, 43(2):137-143.
|
| [15] |
朱贺, 张珍, 杨凇, 等. 中国南北方林火时空分布及火险期动态变化特征——以黑龙江省和江西省为例[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(1):198-207.
Zhu He, Zhang Zhen, Yang Song et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of forest fire and dynamics of fire danger period in southern and northern China: A case study in Heilongjiang and Jiangxi provinces. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(1):198-207.
|
| [16] |
郭福涛, 苏漳文, 马祥庆, 等. 大兴安岭塔河地区雷击火发生驱动因子综合分析[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(19):6439-6448.
Guo Futao, Su Zhangwen, Ma Xiangqing et al. Climatic and non-climatic factors driving lightning-induced fire in Table, Daxing’an Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(19):6439-6448.
|
| [17] |
苏佳佳, 刘志华, 焦珂伟, 等. 气候变化对中国林火干扰空间格局的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(12):3810-3821.
Su Jiajia, Liu Zhihua, Jiao Kewei et al. Effects of climate change on spatial pattern of forest fire regimes in China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(12):3810-3821.
|
| [18] |
苏漳文, 刘爱琴, 梁慧玲, 等. 基于气象因子的福建省森林火险预测模型[J]. 森林与环境学报, 2015, 35(4):370-376.
Su Zhangwen, Liu Aiqin, Liang Huiling et al. Model to predict forest fire occurrence in Fujian Province based on meteorological factors. Journal of Forest and Environment, 2015, 35(4):370-376.
|
| [19] |
曲炤鹏, 郑淑霞, 白永飞. 蒙古高原草原火行为的时空格局与影响因子[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(4):807-813.
Qu Zhaopeng, Zheng Shuxia, Bai Yongfei. Spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of grassland fire on Mongolian Plateau. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(4):807-813.
|
| [20] |
顾先丽, 吴志伟, 张宇婧, 等. 气候变化背景下江西省林火空间预测[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(2):667-677.
Gu Xianli, Wu Zhiwei, Zhang Yujing et al. Prediction research of the forest fire in Jiangxi Province in the background of climate change. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(2):667-677.
|
| [21] |
程梦琦, 左志燕, 蔺邹兴, 等. 全球陆地饱和水汽压差的年代际突变[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2023, 53(7):1536-1549.
Cheng Mengqi, Zuo Zhiyan, Lin Zouxing et al. The decadal abrupt change in the global land vapor pressure deficit. Science China Earth Sciences, 2023, 53(7):1536-1549.
|
| [22] |
Felicia Chiang, Omid Mazdiyasni, Amir AghaKouchak. Amplified warming of droughts in southern United States in observations and model simulations. Science Advances, 2018, 4(8):eaat2380
|
| [23] |
Piyush Jain, Dante Castellanos-Acuna, Sean C. P. Coogan et al. Observed increases in extreme fire weather driven by atmospheric humidity and temperature. Nature Climate Change, 2022, 12(1):63-70.
|
| [24] |
高博, 单仔赫, 曹丽丽, 等. 大兴安岭地区森林火灾月动态变化及发生预测研究[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2021, 41(9):53-62.
Gao Bo, Shan Zihe, Cao Lili et al. Study on monthly dynamic change and occurrence prediction of forest fires in Daxing’an Mountains. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2021, 41(9):53-62.
|
| [25] |
杜建华, 宫殷婷, 蒋丽伟. 中国森林火灾发生特征及其与主要气候因子的关系研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2019(2):7-14.
Du Jianhua, Gong Yinting, Jiang Liwei. Study on the characteristics of forest fires in China and their relationship with major climatic factors. Forest Resources Management, 2019(2):7-14.
|
| [26] |
Michael Goss, Daniel L. Swain, John T. Abatzoglou et al. Climate change is increasing the likelihood of extreme autumn wildfire conditions across California. Environmental Research Letters, 2020, 15(9):094016
|
| [27] |
Lei Fang, Jian Yang, Jiaxing Zu et al. Quantifying influences and relative importance of fire weather, topography, and vegetation on fire size and fire severity in a Chinese boreal forest landscape [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2015, 356:2-12.
|
| [28] |
贾旭, 高永, 魏宝成, 等. 基于MODIS数据的内蒙古地形因子对火灾分布的影响分析[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39(5):34-40.
Jia Xu, Gao Yong, Wei Baocheng et al. Impact of topographic features on the distribution of fire based on MODIS data in Inner Mongolia, northern China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(5):34-40.
|
| [29] |
Pew K L, Larsen C P S. GIS analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of human-caused wildfires in the temperate rain forest of Vancouver Island, Canada. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, 140(1):1-18.
|
| [30] |
刘华超, 任春颖, 王宗明, 等. 大兴安岭生态功能区生态系统服务功能动态及权衡协同关系研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(5):587-598.
Liu Huachao, Ren Chunying, Wang Zongming et al. Dynamics of ecosystem service functions and their tradeoff and synergetic relationships in Great Xing’an Mountains ecological function zone. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(5):587-598.
|
| [31] |
田晓瑞, McRae D J, 舒立福, 等. 大兴安岭地区森林火险变化及FWI适用性评估[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(5):127-132.
Tian Xiaorui, McRae D J, Shu Lifu et al. Changes of forest fire danger and the evaluation of the FWI system application in the Daxing’anling Region. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2010, 46(5):127-132.
|
| [32] |
宁梓妤, 徐宪立, 杨东, 等. 中国西南地区饱和水汽压差的年际变化及其影响因素[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2022, 43(1):172-179.
Ning Ziyu, Xu Xianli, Yang Dong et al. Temporal variation of vapor pressure deficit and its influencing factors in southwest China. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2022, 43(1):172-179.
|
| [33] |
薛春芳, 侯威, 赵俊虎, 等. 集合经验模态分解在区域降水变化多尺度分析及气候变化响应研究中的应用[J]. 物理学报, 2013, 62(10):504-511.
Xue Chunfang, Hou Wei, Zhao Junhu et al. The application of ensemble empirical mode decomposition method in multiscale analysis of region precipitation and its response to the climate change. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(10):504-511.
|
| [34] |
罗君, 孙振亓, 张学斌. 基于Ripley’s K函数的绿洲景观格局演变分析——以张掖市甘州区为例[J]. 水土保持研究, 2019, 26(4): 224-231
Luo Jun, Sun Zhenqi, Zhang Xuebin. Analysis of the characteristics and changes of landscape pattern of oasis in Ganzhou district of Zhangye City based on Ripley’s K function, 2019, 26(4): 224-231.
|
| [35] |
Rodrigues M, de la Riva J, Fotheringham S. Modeling the spatial variation of the explanatory factors of human-caused wildfires in Spain using geographically weighted logistic regression. Applied Geography, 2014, 48:52-63.
|
| [36] |
王双, 张贵, 谭三清, 等. 基于空间logistic的湖南省森林火灾风险评价[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2020, 40(9):88-95.
Wang Shuang, Zhang Gui, Tan Sanqing et al. Assessment of forest fire risk in Hunan Province based on spatial logistic model. Journal of Central Sourth University of Forestry & Technology, 2020, 40(9):88-95.
|
| [37] |
邓欧, 李亦秋, 冯仲科, 等. 基于空间Logistic的黑龙江省林火风险模型与火险区划[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(8):200-205.
Deng Ou, Li Yiqiu, Feng Zhongke et al. Model and zoning of forest fire risk in Heilongjiang Province based on spatial logistic. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(8):200-205.
|
| [38] |
王健, 杜玉玲, 高钊, 等. 基于MODIS时序数据的大兴安岭火烧迹地时空变化及其森林恢复研究[J]. 自然资源遥感, 2021, 36(2):1-9.
Wang Jian, Du Yuling, Gao Zhao et al. Spatial and temporal changes of burned areas and its forest restoration in the Greater Khingan Mountains based on MODIS time series data. Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2021, 36(2):1-9.
|
| [39] |
李秀芬, 郭昭滨, 赵慧颖, 等. 大兴安岭气候干湿变化及对森林火灾的影响[J]. 应用气象学报, 2018, 29(5):619-629.
Li Xiufen, Guo Zhaobin, Zhao Huiying et al. Change of dry and wet climate and its influence on forest fire in the Great Xing’an Mountains. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2018, 29(5):619-629.
|
| [40] |
邹旭恺, 张强. 近半个世纪我国干旱变化的初步研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 2008, 19(6):679-687.
Zou Xukai, Zhang Qiang. Preliminary studies on variations in droughts over China during past 50 years. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2008, 19(6):679-687.
|
| [41] |
赵凤君, 王明玉, 舒立福, 等. 气候变化对林火动态的影响研究进展[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2009, 5(1):50-55.
Zhao Fengjun, Wang Mingyu, Shu Lifu et al. Progress in studies on influences of climate change on forest fire regime. Advances in Climate Change Research, 2009, 5(1):50-55.
|
| [42] |
陆昕, 黄滨, 杨素芝, 等. 大兴安岭地区森林火灾发生的原因和扑救特征[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2019, 47(11):77-80+85.
Lu Xin, Huang Bin, Yang Suzhi et al. Causes and fighting characteristics of forest fire in Daxing’an Mountains. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2019, 47(11):77-80+85.
|
| [43] |
张恒, 周振东, 王玉霞. 内蒙古大兴安岭3种主要火源引发森林火灾次数和面积的时空分布特征[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2024, 44(3):1-9.
Zhang Heng, Zhou Zhendong, Wang Yuxia. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of forest fires caused by three main fire sources in Daxing’an Mountains, Inner Mongolia. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2024, 44(3):1-9.
|
| [44] |
Hu Tianyu, Zhou Guangsheng. Drivers of lightning- and human-caused fire regimes in the Great Xing’an Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014, 329:49-58.
|
| [45] |
Qing Zhou, Heng Zhang, Zhiwei Wu. Effects of forest fire prevention policies on probability and drivers of forest fires in the boreal forests of China during different periods. Remote Sensing, 2022, 14(22):5724
|
| [46] |
李顺, 吴志伟, 梁宇, 等. 大兴安岭人为火发生影响因素及气候变化下的趋势[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(1):210-218.
Li Shun, Wu Zhiwei, Liang Yu et al. Drivers of human-caused fire occurrence and its variation trend under climate change in the Great Xing’an Mountains, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(1):210-218.
|
| [47] |
岳韦霆, 任超, 梁月吉. 基于信息量-机器学习耦合的野火灾害易发性评估[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2023, 42(10):1444-1452.
Yue Weiting, Ren Chao, Liang Yueji. Wildfire hazard susceptibility assessment based on coupled information value-machine learning. Fire Science and Technology, 2023, 42(10):1444-1452.
|
| [48] |
张恒, 贾文飞, 王云霓. 基于Global Fire Atlas遥感数据的内蒙古野火时空动态研究[J]. 森林防火, 2024, 42(3):9-15.
Zhang Heng, Jia Wenfei, Wang Yunni. The spatiotemporal dynamics of wildfires in Inner Mongolia based on Global Fire Atlas remote sensing data. Journal of Wildland Fire Science, 2024, 42(3):9-15.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |