吉林省农业现代化多维演进、地域类型与协调发展
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房艳刚(1979—),男,山东曲阜人,博士,教授,博导,主要从事人文地理学与乡村发展研究。E-mail: fangyg578@nenu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-07-18
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42471223)
版权
Multidimensional evolution, regional typologies and coordinated development of agricultural modernization in Jilin Province
Received date: 2024-07-18
Online published: 2025-12-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42471223)
Copyright
农业农村现代化是社会主义现代化重要组成部分。面向中国特色农业现代化需求,本文将农业现代化分为经济效率、粮食产能、生态可持续和共同富裕4个维度,构建农业现代化多维评价指标体系,利用熵值法、Spearman秩相关系数和聚类分析方法,分析吉林省农业现代化多维时空演变特征及各维度之间的权衡/协同,划分命名地域类型并提出协调发展的路径和策略。研究发现:①2005—2020年,吉林省粮食产能呈持续上升趋势,生态可持续逐渐下降,经济效率先升后降,共同富裕的良好趋势在2020年受到暂时性冲击。空间上,各维度发展水平具有明显的集聚特征且分布格局的差异显著,部分维度的格局与演变相逆。②2005—2020年粮食产能与生态可持续为逐渐增强的权衡关系;2005—2020年粮食产能与共同富裕整体呈逐渐增强的协同关系。③吉林省农业现代化可划分为粮食共富示范区、生态特色先行区、生态经济潜力区、综合协调推进区4种地域类型,并采取差异化的协调发展路径和策略。
房艳刚 , 齐雨施 , 刘建志 . 吉林省农业现代化多维演进、地域类型与协调发展[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(11) : 2495 -2507 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240785
Without agricultural and rural modernization, socialist modernization would be incomplete. To address the requirements of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, this study evaluates agricultural modernization from 4 dimensions—economic efficiency, grain production capacity, ecological sustainability, and common prosperity—and constructs a corresponding evaluation index system. By using the entropy method, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and cluster analysis, this research analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution and trade-offs/synergies of multidimensional agricultural modernization levels in Jilin Province, classifies regional typologies, and proposes coordinated development pathways and strategies. Key findings include: 1) From 2005 to 2020, grain production capacity showed a consistent upward trend, while ecological sustainability gradually declined. Economic efficiency initially increased but later declined, and the advancement of common prosperity experienced temporary challenges in 2020. In terms of spatial distribution, the development levels across various dimensions displayed distinct clustering characteristics with significant differentiation in their distribution patterns. Notably, some dimensions demonstrated the opposing spatial pattern and evolutionary trend. 2) Spearman rank correlation coefficients revealed dynamic interactions: During 2005—2020, grain production capacity and ecological sustainability evolved toward stronger trade-offs; grain production capacity and common prosperity generally showed strengthening synergies. 3) Agricultural modernization in Jilin Province can be classified into 4 regional typologies: Grain-Prosperity Dual Demonstrating Zones, Ecological Uniqueness Pioneering Zones, Eco-economy Up-and-coming Zones, and Comprehensive and Synergistic Promoting Zones, each requiring tailored development pathways and coordination strategies.
表1 吉林省农业现代化多维评价指标体系Table 1 Evaluation index system of multidimensional agricultural modernization in Jilin Province |
| 决策层 | 目标层 | 指标层 | 方向 | 权重 | 指标计算方法 |
| 注:1 hm2=15亩。 | |||||
| 农业 现代 化水 平 | 经济 效率 | 耕地生产率/(万元/hm2) | + | 0.557 | 农业产值/耕地面积 |
| 劳动生产率/(万元/人) | + | 0.278 | 第一产业总产值/第一产业从业人员数 | ||
| 全要素生产率 | + | 0.164 | Malmquist指数法[39] | ||
| 粮食 产能 | 粮食单产/(t/hm2) | + | 0.090 | 粮食总产量/粮食播种面积 | |
| 人均粮食盈余量/(kg/人) | + | 0.176 | 粮食总产量/区域总人口-400 kg | ||
| 粮食播种面积占比/% | + | 0.029 | 粮食播种面积/农作物总播种面积 | ||
| 垦殖指数/% | + | 0.250 | 耕地面积/行政区面积 | ||
| 机械化水平/(kW/hm2) | + | 0.307 | $\scriptsize{ \left(\mathrm{农}\mathrm{业}\mathrm{机}\mathrm{械}\mathrm{总}\mathrm{动}\mathrm{力}\times \dfrac{\text{耕地面积}}{\text{耕地面积}\text{+}\text{林地面积}}\right)/\mathrm{农}\mathrm{作}\mathrm{物}\mathrm{总}\mathrm{播}\mathrm{种}\mathrm{面}\mathrm{积}} $ | ||
| 有效灌溉面积比重/% | + | 0.149 | 有效灌溉面积/耕地面积 | ||
| 生态 可持续 | 亩均化肥使用量/(kg/亩) | - | 0.004 | 化肥施用量/耕地面积 | |
| 亩均农药使用量/(kg/亩) | - | 0.009 | 农药施用量/耕地面积 | ||
| 亩均农膜使用量/(kg/亩) | - | 0.011 | 农膜施用量/耕地面积 | ||
| 农田生态系统多样性指数 | + | 0.060 | $-\displaystyle\sum {p}_{i}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\left({p}_{i}\right) $,${p}_{i} $为各农作物播种面积比重[40] | ||
| 森林覆盖率/% | + | 0.165 | 森林面积/行政区面积 | ||
| 草地面积比重/% | + | 0.515 | 草地面积/行政区面积 | ||
| 水域面积比重/% | + | 0.236 | 水域面积/行政区面积 | ||
| 共同 富裕 | 农林水事务支出比重/% | + | 0.089 | 农林水事务支出/总财政支出 | |
| 乡村人均农林牧渔业 总产值/(元/人) | + | 0.086 | 农林牧渔业总产值/乡村人口 | ||
| 乡村人均耕地面积/(hm2/人) | + | 0.135 | 耕地面积/乡村人口 | ||
| 劳均耕地面积/(hm2/人) | + | 0.099 | 耕地面积/第一产业从业人员数 | ||
| 劳均农林牧渔业总产值/(元/人) | + | 0.086 | 农林牧渔业总产值/第一产业从业人员数 | ||
| 一产产值比重/% | - | 0.048 | 第一产业产值/三次产业总产值 | ||
| 农林牧渔服务业产值比重/% | + | 0.203 | 农林牧渔服务业产值/农林牧渔业总产值 | ||
| 乡村非农就业率/% | + | 0.055 | 1–农林牧渔业从业人员数/乡村从业人员数 | ||
| 经济作物播种面积比例/% | + | 0.199 | 经济作物播种面积/农作物总播种面积 | ||
表2 吉林省农业现代化两两维度之间Spearman秩相关系数Table 2 Spearman rank correlation coefficient between agricultural modernization dimension in Jilin Province |
| 农业现代化维度 | 2005年 | 2010年 | 2015年 | 2020年 |
| 注:***、**、*分别表示在1%、5%、10%统计水平上显著,括号内数值为P值。 | ||||
| 经济效率−粮食产能 | 0.084(0.612) | −0.038(0.818) | −0.198(0.226) | 0.073(0.657) |
| 经济效率−生态可持续 | 0.000(1.000) | 0.001(0.990) | −0.014(0.931) | 0.042(0.800) |
| 经济效率−共同富裕 | 0.265(0.102) | 0.309*(0.055) | 0.170(0.301) | 0.115(0.485) |
| 粮食产能−生态可持续 | −0.385**(0.016) | −0.450***(0.004) | −0.523***(0.001) | −0.526***(0.001) |
| 粮食产能−共同富裕 | 0.279*(0.085) | 0.292*(0.071) | 0.252(0.121) | 0.379**(0.017) |
| 生态可持续−共同富裕 | 0.333**(0.038) | 0.179(0.275) | 0.216(0.187) | 0.114(0.491) |
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