中国旅游度假区空间分布与影响机制研究
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刘海洋(1982—),男,辽宁锦西人,博士,教授,博导,主要研究方向为海洋旅游与区域社会发展。E-mail: haiyang0796@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-07-12
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
海南省自然科学基金项目(724MS045)
海南省高等学校科学研究项目(Hnkyzc2023-1)
版权
Spatial distribution and impact mechanism of Chinese tourist resort areas
Received date: 2024-07-12
Online published: 2025-12-15
Supported by
Natural Science Foundation of Hainan(724MS045)
Hainan Province Higher Education Science Research Project(Hnkyzc2023-1)
Copyright
本文依据中国的668处国家级与省级旅游度假区点位数据,运用GIS空间分析法及皮尔逊相关系数探究旅游度假区空间分布特征,并从地形地貌、河流水域、天气条件、资源条件等自然因素和经济发展、市场状况、交通运输、医疗水平、政府政策等社会经济因素对空间分布特征影响因素进行探讨,探索其影响机制。结果表明:①研究区域内旅游度假区分布不均衡,呈聚集性分布,整体呈现出“东部一核、中部两带、南部三中心”的空间分布格局,具体表现出“近低地、沿缓坡、亲水域、喜温暖、临景区”的空间分布特点。②旅游度假区的空间分布受自然资源因素和社会经济因素共同作用。在自然资源因素上,与海拔、坡度、河流距离呈负相关,与旅游资源密度呈正相关,且多分布在温暖湿润地区。在社会经济因素上,旅游度假区数量与生产总值、人均GDP、旅游业收入、第三产业产值、常住人口等呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);与车站数量、水运客运量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);与接待入境人次数、星级酒店数量呈负相关;与港口数量不相关(P>0.05)。
刘海洋 , 程文博 , 杨明家 , 张志辉 . 中国旅游度假区空间分布与影响机制研究[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(11) : 2519 -2530 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20241361
Based on data from 668 national and provincial tourist resorts in China, this study employs GIS spatial analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of tourist resorts. It also discusses the influencing factors of spatial distribution characteristics and explores their impact mechanisms, considering natural factors such as topography, rivers, weather conditions, and resource conditions, as well as socio-economic factors such as economic development, market conditions, transportation, medical standards, and government policies. The results indicate that: 1) The distribution of tourist resorts within the study area is uneven and aggregated, presenting an overall spatial distribution pattern of “one core in the east, two belts in the central region, and three centers in the south”. Specifically, they exhibit spatial distribution features of being “close to lowlands, along gentle slopes, near water bodies, preferring warmer climates, and adjacent to scenic areas”. 2) The spatial distribution of tourist resorts is influenced by both natural and socio-economic factors. In terms of natural resources, they are negatively correlated with altitude, slope, and distance from rivers, but positively correlated with tourism resource density, and are mostly located in warm and humid regions. In terms of socio-economic factors, the number of tourist resorts is significantly positively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP), per capita GDP, tourism revenue, output value of the tertiary industry, and permanent resident population (P<0.01); significantly positively correlated with the number of stations and water transportation passenger volume (P<0.05); negatively correlated with the number of inbound tourist arrivals and starred hotels; and uncorrelated with the number of ports (P>0.05).
图2 中国旅游度假区空间分布洛伦兹曲线港澳台数据暂缺 Fig. 2 Tourist attraction area in China and Lorenz Curve |
表1 中国旅游度假区空间数量分布Table 1 Spatial distribution of tourist resort in China |
| 省份 | 度假区数量/家 | 占全国 比重/% | 累计 比重/% | 均匀分 布累计 比重/% | ||
| 总计 | 国家级 | 省级 | ||||
| 注:港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||||
| 青海 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.23 |
| 上海 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 6.45 |
| 天津 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 9.68 |
| 西藏 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0.45 | 1.05 | 12.90 |
| 北京 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.60 | 1.65 | 16.13 |
| 内蒙古 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 1.05 | 2.69 | 19.35 |
| 海南 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 1.05 | 3.74 | 22.58 |
| 吉林 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 1.05 | 4.79 | 25.81 |
| 重庆 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 1.20 | 5.99 | 29.03 |
| 宁夏 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 1.35 | 7.34 | 32.26 |
| 新疆 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 1.50 | 8.83 | 35.48 |
| 黑龙江 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 1.50 | 10.33 | 38.71 |
| 陕西 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 1.65 | 11.98 | 41.94 |
| 甘肃 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 1.95 | 13.92 | 45.16 |
| 江西 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 2.99 | 16.92 | 48.39 |
| 山西 | 21 | 1 | 20 | 3.14 | 20.06 | 51.61 |
| 河北 | 21 | 2 | 19 | 3.14 | 23.20 | 54.84 |
| 福建 | 23 | 1 | 22 | 3.44 | 26.65 | 58.06 |
| 四川 | 26 | 5 | 21 | 3.89 | 30.54 | 61.29 |
| 广东 | 27 | 3 | 24 | 4.04 | 34.58 | 64.52 |
| 安徽 | 27 | 2 | 25 | 4.04 | 38.62 | 67.74 |
| 广西 | 28 | 4 | 24 | 4.19 | 42.81 | 70.97 |
| 湖北 | 28 | 3 | 25 | 4.19 | 47.01 | 74.19 |
| 云南 | 33 | 5 | 28 | 4.94 | 51.95 | 77.42 |
| 湖南 | 35 | 4 | 31 | 5.24 | 57.19 | 80.65 |
| 河南 | 38 | 3 | 35 | 5.69 | 62.87 | 83.87 |
| 辽宁 | 38 | 1 | 37 | 5.69 | 68.56 | 87.10 |
| 贵州 | 41 | 2 | 39 | 6.14 | 74.70 | 90.32 |
| 山东 | 47 | 7 | 40 | 7.04 | 81.74 | 93.55 |
| 江苏 | 57 | 8 | 49 | 8.53 | 90.27 | 96.77 |
| 浙江 | 65 | 9 | 56 | 9.73 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
表2 不同自然资源因素下中国旅游度假区分布数量Table 2 Number of tourist resort in China under different natural resource factor |
| 国家级/家 (占比/%) | 省级/家 (占比/%) | 国家级/家 (占比/%) | 省级/家 (占比/%) | |||||
| 注:港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||||||
| 海拔 | 0~200 m | 47(57.32) | 307(51.40) | 气温 | 20~25℃ | 8(9.41) | 70(12.01) | |
| 200~500 m | 10(10.14) | 81(14.21) | 25~30℃ | 3(3.53) | 4(0.69) | |||
| 500~1000 m | 9(11.12) | 62(10.31) | 与河流 的距离 | 0~1 km | 42(49.41) | 329(56.43) | ||
| >1000 m | 19(21.42) | 133(24.07) | 1~5 km | 41(48.24) | 244(41.85) | |||
| 坡度 | 0°~5° | 68(76.27) | 432(72.17) | 5~10 km | 2(2.35) | 10(1.72) | ||
| 5°~15° | 14(20.09) | 126(23.68) | >10 km | 0(0) | 0(0) | |||
| 15°~35° | 3(3.65) | 24(3.99) | 降水量 | 100~800 mm | 20(8.31) | 171(12.66) | ||
| >35° | 0(0) | 1(0.16) | 800~1500 mm | 50(60.86) | 327(62.52) | |||
| 气温 | <15℃ | 23(27.06) | 180(30.87) | 13(26.38) | 78(22.52) | |||
| 15~20℃ | 51(60.00) | 329(56.43) | 2000~2278 mm | 2(4.45) | 7(2.31) | |||
表3 中国省级行政区旅游度假区及其A级旅游景区分布Table 3 Tourist resort and A-level resort of regions in China |
| 省份 | 旅游度假区 数量/家 | S | 5A级景区 数量/个 | Q5A | 4A级旅游景 区数量/个 | Q4A | 省份 | 旅游度假区 数量/家 | S | 5A级景区 数量/个 | Q5A | 4A级旅游景 区量/个 | Q4A | |
| 注:港澳台数据暂缺;S为旅游度假区数量占全国旅游度假区总量的比重,单位%;Q5A、Q4A分别为5为省区内5A、4A级景区数量与全国5A、4A级景区总量的比重,单位%。 | ||||||||||||||
| 安徽 | 25 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 191 | 5 | 辽宁 | 38 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 101 | 3 | |
| 北京 | 14 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 74 | 2 | 内蒙古 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 126 | 3 | |
| 福建 | 24 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 97 | 3 | 宁夏 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 23 | 1 | |
| 甘肃 | 14 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 99 | 3 | 青海 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 25 | 1 | |
| 广东 | 29 | 4 | 15 | 4 | 183 | 5 | 山东 | 47 | 7 | 15 | 4 | 223 | 6 | |
| 广西 | 27 | 4 | 10 | 3 | 247 | 7 | 山西 | 19 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 100 | 3 | |
| 贵州 | 40 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 129 | 4 | 陕西 | 11 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 116 | 3 | |
| 海南 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 22 | 1 | 上海 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 62 | 2 | |
| 河北 | 22 | 3 | 12 | 4 | 114 | 3 | 四川 | 27 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 284 | 8 | |
| 河南 | 34 | 5 | 16 | 5 | 164 | 4 | 天津 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 31 | 1 | |
| 黑龙江 | 10 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 104 | 3 | 西藏 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 0 | |
| 湖北 | 26 | 4 | 15 | 4 | 142 | 4 | 新疆 | 10 | 1 | 17 | 5 | 91 | 2 | |
| 湖南 | 34 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 95 | 3 | 云南 | 33 | 5 | 10 | 3 | 89 | 2 | |
| 吉林 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 63 | 2 | 浙江 | 63 | 9 | 21 | 6 | 217 | 6 | |
| 江苏 | 58 | 9 | 26 | 8 | 204 | 6 | 重庆 | 8 | 1 | 12 | 4 | 85 | 2 | |
| 江西 | 20 | 3 | 14 | 4 | 146 | 4 | ||||||||
表4 中国旅游度假区空间分布影响因素Table 4 Factors affecting spatial distribution of tourist resort in China |
| 影响因素 | 一级指标 | 二级指标 | 皮尔逊相关系数 | 显著性 |
| 注:**在0.01级别(双尾)上显著相关,*在0.05水平(双尾)上显著相关,港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||
| 社会经济发展因素 | 经济发展水平 | 生产总值/亿元 | 0.985** | 0.000 |
| 人均GDP/(元/人) | 0.987** | 0.000 | ||
| 旅游业收入/亿元 | 0.830** | 0.000 | ||
| 第三产业产值/亿元 | 0.976** | 0.000 | ||
| 旅游市场需求 | 常住人口/万人 | 0.990** | 0.000 | |
| 接待入境游客人次数/万人次 | −0.253 | 0.233 | ||
| 接待过夜游客停留天数/(人·d) | 0.962** | 0.000 | ||
| 交通运输能力 | 水运客运量/万人 | 0.437* | 0.033 | |
| 高速公路里程/万km | 0.996** | 0.000 | ||
| 公路网密度/(万km/万km2) | 0.954** | 0.000 | ||
| 机场数量/座 | 0.976** | 0.000 | ||
| 港口数量/座 | 0.379 | 0.068 | ||
| 车站数量/处 | 0.458* | 0.016 | ||
| 医疗卫生保障 | 医院卫生院数量/所 | 0.539** | 0.007 | |
| 政府支持力度 | 星级酒店数量/家 | −0.313 | 0.137 | |
| 政策数量/套 | 0.990** | 0.000 | ||
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