Scientia Geographica Sinica  2017 , 37 (3): 473-480 https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.03.018

Orginal Article

公路运营对农田和防护林中小型土壤动物多样性的影响

董炜华12, 李晓强1, 宋扬1, 吴祥文1, 刘同洲1, 许修宏2

1.长春师范大学城市与环境科学学院,吉林 长春 130032
2.东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030

The Effect of Highway on Diversity of Soil Meso-microfauna in Farmland and Shelter Forest

Dong Weihua12, Li Xiaoqiang1, Song Yang1, Wu Xiangwen1, Liu Tongzhou1, Xu Xiuhong2

1.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, Jilin, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Helongjiang, China

中图分类号:  Q958;S154

文献标识码:  A

文章编号:  1000-0690(2017)03-0473-08

收稿日期: 2016-04-11

修回日期:  2016-06-1

网络出版日期:  2017-03-20

版权声明:  2017 《地理科学》编辑部 本文是开放获取期刊文献,在以下情况下可以自由使用:学术研究、学术交流、科研教学等,但不允许用于商业目的.

基金资助:  国家自然科学基金项目(31200407,31670527,41601263)、吉林省科技厅自然科学基金项目(20170101166JC)资助

作者简介:

作者简介:董炜华(1978-),女,河北唐山人,教授,博士,研究方向为自然地理及土壤动物生态。E-mail:dongwh78@126.com

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摘要

对距高速公路不同距离样点中小型土壤动物多样性、相似性进行统计及典范对应分析(CCA)。共捕获中小型土壤动物9 994只,隶属3纲6目15科。研究发现:① 高速公路旁林地中小型土壤动物个体数高于农田;林地和农田中小型土壤动物多样性在样点和季节间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。 林地距离高速公路5 m和1 600 m样点、农田距离高速公路5 m和800 m中小型土壤动物群落相似性较低。③ 土壤有机质含量是影响高速公路林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落分布的重要土壤环境因子。距离高速公路远的林地和农田样点(800 m和1 600 m)中小型土壤动物多样性高于近距离样点(5 m)中小型土壤动物多样性,与公路的运营对周边地区土壤理化性质、地表植被等的影响有关。

关键词: 高速公路 ; 林地 ; 农田 ; 中小型土壤动物 ; 多样性

Abstract

In the present study, an investigation of the composition, structure and diversity of the soil meso-microfauna was conducted in the Beijing-Harbin highway with Dehui city region. Sampling sites of 5 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m and 1 600 m away from the highway region were conducted in shelter forest and cropland habitat in May, August and October 2013. Diversity, similarity index and canonical correspondence analysis of soil meso-microfauna were statistically analyses. The results showed that we collected 9 994 individuals belonging to 3 classes, 6 orders, 17 families. Isotomidae, Mesostigmata and Oribatida were the most dominant groups in shelter forest and cropland habitat. Abundance of shelter forest soil meso-microfauna is higher than cropland. The results from the repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant sampling sites and sampling period influence on soil meso-microfaunal diversity in shelter forest and cropland habitat (P<0.05). The similarities of soil meso-microfaunal community between 5 m and 1 600 m sampling sites were lower than the other sampling sites in shelter forest habitat. The similarities of soil meso-microfauna community between 5 m and 800 m sampling sites were lower than the other sampling sites in cropland habitat. The canonical correspondence analysis results showed that the soil meso-microfaunal diversity was significantly correlated with content of soil organic matter in shelter forest and cropland habitat. Our results illustrate that diversity of soil shelter forest meso-microfauna is higher than cropland. Diversity of soil meso-microfauna of 800 m or 1 600 m sample points is higher than 5 m sample points in shelter forest and cropland habitat. The mechanism can be explained by vegetation type, human disturbance and environmental pollution.

Keywords: highway ; shelter forest ; cropland ; soil meso-microfauna ; diversity

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董炜华, 李晓强, 宋扬, 吴祥文, 刘同洲, 许修宏. 公路运营对农田和防护林中小型土壤动物多样性的影响[J]. , 2017, 37(3): 473-480 https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.03.018

Dong Weihua, Li Xiaoqiang, Song Yang, Wu Xiangwen, Liu Tongzhou, Xu Xiuhong. The Effect of Highway on Diversity of Soil Meso-microfauna in Farmland and Shelter Forest[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017, 37(3): 473-480 https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.03.018

公路运营过程中,伴随而生的空气、噪音、水体和土壤污染对所途经地区的植被产生重要影响[1~4]。生态系统地下与地上部分紧密相关,在自上而下的调控过程中,地上植被的改变会显著影响土壤动物群落的分布[5,6],森林和农田生态系统由于地上植被不同,对地下土壤动物群落必然会产生不同影响。绝大部分的土壤动物终身生活在土壤中,特别是中小型土壤动物的移动能力弱,对土壤环境的依赖程度高,所以土壤微环境对于土壤动物群落分布产生重要影响[7,8]。目前,关于公路路域土壤动物群落变化的研究不多[9~11],很少涉及公路运营对周边生态系统土壤动物多样性的影响。本文以京哈高速公路德惠路段周边林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落为研究对象,对距高速公路不同距离农田和防护林地中小型土壤动物群落组成和多样性动态进行分析,明确高速公路对途经林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落多样性影响的差异,为公路途经黑土区路域生态安全、防止公路路域黑土退化和促进路域生态环境持续发展提供科学依据。

1 研究区概况

研究区位于吉林省长春市中北部京哈高速德惠段(44°02′50″N~44°53′55″N,125°14′30″E~126°24′43″E)路域。地处东北典型黑土区,第二松花江中游,中温带半湿润季风气候。春季短暂干燥多风,夏季温热多雨,秋季凉爽,冬季寒冷漫长。全年平均气温4.5℃,无霜期140 d。年平均辐射量为118.7 kcal/cm,日照率为59%,年平均日照时数2 695 h。年降水量520 mm,年季间变化较大。土壤类型以黑土、草甸土、黑钙土和冲积土为主。受人类长期活动的影响,原始植被已不复存在,大部分地区已开垦为农田。近年来农民采用常规、玉米连作,一年一熟的耕作方式。农田间有些小面积的连续分布的天然次生林和人工植被,主要以杨树为主,地表植被以豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)、绿狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、铁苋菜(Acalypha australis)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、小蓟(Cirsium setosum)、黄金蒿(Artemisia aurata)、无芒稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)、葎草(Humulus scandens)、细叶水团花(Adina rubella)、圆叶牵牛(Ipomoea purpurea)、萝藦(Metaplexis japonica)、紫菀(Aster tataricus)、细叶胡枝子(Lespedeza juncea)、金色狗尾草(Setaria pumila)、苍耳(Xanthium strumarium)等为主,植被盖度80%~90%。

2 研究方法

2.1 样品采集与处理

2013年5月、8月和10月在京哈高速公路德惠段高速公路为中心,选取林地和农田2种生境,且在每个生境垂直于公路北侧分别选择距高速公路5 m、200 m、400 m、800 m和1 600 m的样点进行中小型土壤动物取样。中小型土壤动物的取样面积为10 cm×10 cm,按照0~5 cm、5~10 cm、10~15 cm和15~20 cm分层取样,设置3个重复,共采集360个样品(2生境×5样点×3重复×4层×3次取样时间)。为了便于统计,本研究中将4层中小型土壤动物的数据合并,将土壤样品带回室内采用Tullgren法分离中小型土壤动物,样品保存在75%的乙醇溶液中。实体显微镜鉴定,主要依据《中国土壤动物检索图鉴》[12]、《昆虫分类》[13]和《幼虫分类学》[14]等工具书。土壤动物的幼虫和成虫有不同的生态功能,将幼虫和成虫分开统计个体数量[15]

2.2 数据处理

中小型土壤动物群落的多样性指数通过以下几个参数来描述,主要包括个体数、类群数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)。计算公式如下[16]H'=i=1sPilnPi。式中,s为所有的类群数,Pi 为取样点第i个类群土壤动物的个体数占该样点土壤动物总数的比例。

重复性方差分析林地和农田生境距高速公路不同距离样点、取样时间及二者相互作用对中小型土壤动物个体数、类群数、多样性指数的影响。单因素方差分析同一取样时间林地和农田生境不同距离样点间中小型土壤动物个体数、类群数和多样性指数的差异。对于不服从正态分布的数据,利用log (X) 转换,LSD进行多重比较,SPSS19.0 软件进行方差分析。相似性指数(Sorensen index和Morisita-Horn index)分析林地和农田生境距高速公路不同距离样点间中小型土壤动物的相似性[17,18]。典范对应分析 (Canonical Correspondence analysis, CCA) 定量研究环境因子(土壤有机质、土壤含水率、土壤pH和海拔)对中小型土壤动物群落的影响。为了减少变量的个数,优势类群和常见类群(占总个体数超过95%)进行统计分析。在进行排序分析之前,对中小型土壤动物个体数进行对数转换,应用排序软件CANOCO 4. 5进行典范对应分析。

3 结果与分析

3.1 高速公路对土壤动物群落组成的影响

高速公路途经林地距公路不同距离样点共捕获中小型土壤动物5 809只,隶属3纲6目10科(表1)。等节跳科、甲螨亚目、革螨亚目、线蚓科和辐螨亚目为优势类群,占土壤动物总个体数的86.50%。山跳虫科、鳞跳虫科、地跳虫科、隐翅虫科、双翅目幼虫和圆跳虫科为常见类群,占土壤动物总个体数的12.26%。距公路不同距离农田样点共捕获中小型土壤动物4 185只,隶属3纲6目9科。等节跳科、革螨亚目和甲螨亚目为优势类群,占土壤动物总个体数的60.14%。辐螨亚目、鳞跳虫科、线蚓科、拟鳞跳虫科、山跳虫科、圆跳虫科、步甲科幼虫、双翅目幼虫和隐翅虫科幼虫为常见类群,占土壤动物总个体数的39.52%。

表1   林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落组成

Table 1   The composition of soil meso-microfauna communities in shelter forest and cropland

种类林地(距公路距离)农田(距公路距离)
5 m200 m400 m800 m1600 m合计多度5 m200 m400 m800 m1600 m合计多度
等节跳科 Isotomidae2283711802107021691+++1031311904712191114+++
甲螨亚目 Oribatida159473238942861250+++8669105271167698+++
革螨亚目 Mesostigmata568853286355838+++1877915980200705+++
线蚓科 Enchytraeidae20063971030643+++8645307120252++
辐螨亚目 Prostigmata3229962104106603+++58921334365391++
山跳虫科 Pseudachorutidae127639915196++15385853137++
鳞跳虫科 Tomoceridae37427969164++14419410690345++
地跳虫科 Oncopoduridae3332271629137++
隐翅虫科 Staphylinidae2929271582++
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae21417101971++24774030108++
圆跳虫科 Sminthuridae54752362++432343578++
筒跳虫科 Tomoceridae62241042+
赤螨科 Erythraeidae48113+
铗虫八科 Japygidae341513+246+
球角跳虫科 Hypogastruridae44+
拟鳞跳虫科 Oncopoduridae894814731243++
步甲科幼虫 Carabidae larva8122171756++
隐翅虫科幼虫 Staphylinida larva4122121444++
东京弓背蚁 Camponotus tokioensis 330208+
总个体数940137410418091645580960250678413529414185
类群数141214131415141313131214

注:+++ 优势类群(个体数占总个体数比例>10%); ++ 常见类群(个体数占总个体数1%~10%); + 稀有类群(个体数占总个体数比例< 1%)。空白处为无数据。

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距公路不同距离林地与农田生境中小型土壤动物群落组成存在差异。林地中小型土壤动物的优势类群多于农田,常见类群则少于农田,类群也存在差异。此外,球角跳虫科、筒跳虫科、地跳虫科、隐翅虫科和赤螨科仅在林地生境有分布。拟鳞跳虫科、步甲科幼虫和隐翅虫科幼虫和东京弓背蚁仅在农田生境有分布(表1)。

3.2 高速公路对土壤动物群落多样性的影响

重复性方差分析(表2)表明高速公路对途经林地和农田中小型土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在取样时间、样点和二者相互作用均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。林地中小型土壤动物个体数在取样时间、样点和取样时间的相互作用存在显著差异(P<0.05)。农田中小型土壤动物的个体数在取样时间、样点和二者相互作用间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。林地中小型土壤动物的类群数仅在取样时间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),农田中小型土壤动物的类群数在样点和取样时间的相互作用存在显著差异(P<0.01)。

表2   样点和取样时间及二者相互作用对中小型土壤动物多样性的影响

Table 2   Effects of sample sites, sampling period and their interaction on diversity of soil meso-microfauna

生境变异来源自由度
df
个体数类群数多样性指数
FPFPFP
林地样点41.490.2763.460.0514.880.019
时间29.290.00141.77<0.0017.670.003
样点×时间83.300.0142.420.0523.210.016
农田样点428.55<0.0013.830.0904.670.018
时间226.78<0.0010.970.93312.320.006
样点×时间810.30<0.0017.39<0.0015.850.001

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单因素方差分析表明优势类群等节跳虫科、革螨亚目和甲螨亚目个体数在同一季节不同样点之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),其季节动态如图1。林地,5月1 600 m样点等节跳虫科个体数显著高于其它样点(P<0.05);5月和10月1 600 m样点革螨亚目个体数显著高于5 m样点(P<0.05);10月份200 m样点甲螨亚目个体数显著高于其它样点(P<0.05)。农田,5月1 600 m样点等节跳虫科、革螨亚目和甲螨亚目个体数显著高于5 m样点(P<0.05);10月800 m样点等节跳虫科和甲螨亚目个体数显著高于5 m样点(P<0.05)。

图1   林地和农田中小型土壤动物优势类群个体数变化(均值±标准误)

Fig.1   Abundance of soil meso-microfauna communities in shelter forest and cropland(Mean±SE)

林地800 m样点中小型土壤动物的多样性指数高于其他样点(图2)。1 600 m样点中小型土壤动物的类群数均值(8.22)高于5 m(8.11)及其他样点。农田1 600 m样点中小型土壤动物的多样性指数显著高于5 m样点(P<0.05)。800 m样点和1 600 m样点中小型土壤动物的类群数均值高于其他样点。

图2   林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落多样性指数和类群数比较(均值±标准误)

Fig.2   Shannon-Wiener index and richness of soil meso-microfauna communities in shelter forest and cropland (Mean±SE)

3.3 高速公路对土壤动物群落相似性的影响

对林地和农田距离高速公路不同距离样点中小型土壤动物的相似性指数进行分析计算,结果见表3表4表3结果显示林地距高速公路5 m和1 600 m样点间土壤动物群落的Sorensen指数较低为0.489,说明林地5 m和1 600 m样点间土壤动物群落相似性较低,其Morisita-Horn指数也不高为0.732,表明林地5 m和1 600 m土壤动物群落中优势类群的相似性也较低。2个样点共有优势类群仅有等节跳虫科和甲螨亚目,等节跳虫科在两个样点多度差异较大。常见类群中山跳虫科、隐翅虫科、革螨亚目和线蚓科在2个样点的多度差异也较大。

表3   林地中小型土壤动物群落的相似性指数

Table 3   Similarity index of soil meso-microfauna communities in shelter forest

距公路距离5 m200 m400 m800 m1600 m
5 m*0.6840.8770.5960.732
200 m0.493*0.6000.6870.801
400 m0.7380.489*0.4480.545
800 m0.5500.4960.495*0.885
1600 m0.4890.6270.4800.632*

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表4   农田中小型土壤动物的相似性指数

Table 4   Similarity index of soil meso-microfauna communities in cropland

距公路距离5 m200 m400 m800 m1600 m
5 m*0.8620.8670.6660.886
200 m0.729*0.9710.8400.912
400 m0.7240.724*0.8270.943
800 m0.4730.4910.572*0.865
1600 m0.6880.6230.7900.694*

对角线下方的是Sorensen指数,对角线上方是Morisita-Horn指数

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对角线下方的是Sorensen指数,对角线上方是Morisita-Horn指数由表4可以看出,农田5 m和800 m样点间土壤动物群落的Sorensen指数最低为0.473,表明农田5 m和800 m样点间土壤动物群落组成最不相似性,其Morisita-Horn指数也最低为0.665,表明农田5 m和800 m样点间土壤动物群落优势类群相似性最低。2个不同距离样点共有优势类群仅有等节跳虫科和甲螨亚目,800 m样点等节跳虫科和甲螨亚目个体数显著多于5 m样点。常见类群圆跳虫科、拟鳞跳虫科、辐螨亚目、革螨亚目和线蚓科,在2个样点多度差异也较大。

3.4 土壤环境因子对土壤动物群落多样性的影响

图3显示林地土壤pH与轴1的相关系数最大为-0.563,土壤有机质与轴2的相关系数最大为0.853。土壤pH和土壤有机质是影响林地中小型土壤动物群落分布的主要环境因子。农田土壤有机质与轴1的相关系数最大为-0.853,土壤含水率与轴2的相关系数最大为0.307。土壤有机质和土壤含水率是影响农田中小型土壤动物群落的主要环境因子。

4 讨论

高速公路途经林地和农田中小型土壤动物多样性存在显著差异,林地中小型土壤动物个体数多于农田。本研究发现在不同的季节间,气温是影响高速公路途经林地和农田中小型土壤动物群落分布的重要环境因子,而在相同季节,林地和农田生态系统,由于气候条件一致,生境的微环境差异会影响中小型土壤动物的分布及多样性,微环境条件差异主要来自地上植被和土壤理化性质的不同。林地中有较多的地表凋落物,本研究各个季节林地有机质含量高于农田。凋落物的分解能够促进土壤有机质的转化[19],相关研究指出土壤动物和土壤有机质含量呈正相关[5],本文CCA分析结果表明土壤有机质是影响农田中小型土壤动物群落的主要环境因子。由于地上与地下生态系统相互作用,土壤动物群落多样性会受到地表生态系统的影响。农田生态系统最主要的特点就是土壤受人为干扰影响比较大,最明显的干扰就是长期耕作、施肥和喷洒农药,这些农业生产活动影响地表植被的组成及生物量。农田地表植物种类少,地表凋落物少。土壤的理化性质受人类施肥的控制,土壤中的动物群落及多样性受人类的农业生产活动影响[20~23]。防护林主要以杨树为主,地表植被种类复杂,盖度较大,受人类的扰动相对较小。林地土壤的理化性质与农田存在差异。杨树相对于农田中的玉米植株高大,对高速公路运营期间产生的粉尘、噪音及重金属污染等具有很好的阻隔作用。基于以上的原因,林地和农田中小型土壤动物多样性存在差异。

高速公路对途经林地和农田中小型土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在取样时间、样点和二者相互作用均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。总体上林地和农田生境距高速公路1 600 m样点的优势类群等节跳虫科、革螨亚目和甲螨亚目个体数高于5 m样点(表1)。林地和农田距公路800 m 或1 600 m 样点中小型土壤动物的类群数和多样性指数高于其他样点,其中农田1 600 m样点中小型土壤动物的多样性指数显著高于5 m样点(P<0.05)(图2)。相似性分析结果为林地距离高速公路5 m和1 600 m样点、农田5 m和800 m中小型土壤动物群落相似性较低(表3表4)。综上所述,林地和农田生境距高速公路800 m 和1 600 m样点中小型土壤动物多样性高于近距离样点(5 m)中小型土壤动物多样性。中小型土壤动物的群落组成和多样性在800 m和1 600 m样点发生明显变化,800 m和1 600 m可认为是高速公路对途经林地和农田不同生态系统的影响界限。相关研究指出离高速公路越近,重金属等污染越严重[3,11]。空气污染、噪音污染也随着距高速公路距离的增加而减少。土壤动物具有迁移能力弱、数量大、种类多等特点,因此受土壤环境变化的影响较大。离高速公路越近土壤动物群落结构受高速公路的影响越明显,而远离高速公路土壤动物群落结构受高速公路的影响越小,进而多样性较高。Hasegawa等的研究也表明弹尾目多样性随距公路距离的增加而逐渐减小[24]。研究指出跳虫在土壤生态风险评价中的具有重要应用价值[25]。土壤螨类对土壤环境质量变化具有生物指示作用[26]。在林地和农田,等节跳虫科、革螨亚目和甲螨亚目个体数在800 m或1 600 m样点存在明显变化,反映出等节跳虫科、革螨亚目和甲螨亚目动物对高速公路途经林地和农田不同生态系统的影响界限生物指示作用,对评价高速公路建设对土壤环境的影响具有重要价值。总之,高速公路的运营对途经区森林和农田生态系统的中小型土壤动物多样性产生了重要的影响,对不同生态系统的影响存在差异。

5 结论

高速公路途经林地和农田中小型土壤动物多样性存在显著差异,林地中小型土壤动物个体数高于农田。林地和农田生境中小型土壤动物多样性在样点和季节间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。林地和农田距高速公路800 m 和1 600 m样点中小型土壤动物多样性高于距公路5 m样点中小型土壤动物多样性,800 m和1 600 m样点可认为是高速公路对途经林地和农田不同生态系统的影响界限。等节跳虫科、革螨亚目和甲螨亚目对高速公路途经林地和农田不同生态系统的影响界限具有生物指示作用。本研究可为高速公路的生态环境安全评估及其对高速公路路域土壤生物多样性保护提供理论参考。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.


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<p>This review summarizes main research findings in soil fauna eco-geography in China in the past 30 years. The subject areas and main results were overviewed including biodiversity and eco-geological distribution of soil fauna communities. Studies of ecological distributions of soil fauna and dynamic ranges in space from tropical, subtropical to temperate regions, and in categories from forest, grassland, desert, wetland, farmland to urban ecosystems, the responses and indications of soil fauna to soil environments. Effects of intensive disturbance such as fire, grazing, farming, fertilization on soil fauna include sensitive (e.g. nematode) and rare groups and community indexes. The functions of soil fauna were discussed including environmental construction, environmental purification, litter decomposition and elements cycling. Interactions between soil fauna and other biota in soil ecosystems and linking between aboveground and belowground diversity and the effects of global change on soil fauna community in China were also included. Finally, the authors pointed out common interests in soil fauna eco-geographical studies, which include application of molecule biology into soil fauna taxa; function and mechanism of soil fauna community diversity; interaction between aboveground and belowground ecosystems; effects of disturbance, pollution, biological invasion, and global change on soil fauna community and function. The review is to provide a scientific basis for promoting soil fauna eco-geographical studies in China.</p>
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Evidence is mounting that the immense diversity of microorganisms and animals that live belowground contributes significantly to shaping aboveground biodiversity and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Our understanding of how this belowground biodiversity is distributed, and how it regulates the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, is rapidly growing. Evidence also points to soil biodiversity as having a key role in determining the ecological and evolutionary responses of terrestrial ecosystems to current and future environmental change. Here we review recent progress and propose avenues for further research in this field.
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[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2008, 40(7): 1707-1715.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.007      URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

This study investigated the responses of soil animal communities, soil functioning and humus forms to forest dynamics and solar radiation. We examined changes in invertebrate communities and soil features in two subalpine spruce forests (Eastern Italian Alps, Trento) growing on a calcareous bedrock, with different sun exposures (north and south), each forming a chronosequence of three developmental phases: clearing, regeneration stand (25-year-old trees) and mature stand (170-year-old trees). Our results indicate that the two forest sites differed in solar energy input, soil chemical properties and the relationships between forest dynamics and animal communities. In the north-facing site, soil fauna communities were very similar in the three forest developmental phases. Conversely, in the south-facing site, the composition of invertebrate communities and the diversity of zoological groups varied greatly among developmental phases. The highest abundance of total invertebrates, and mites in particular, occurred in the south-facing mature stands while the south-facing regeneration stand was characterised by higher densities of Collembola, Chilopoda, Symphyla, Protura and Aranea. The structure of communities in clearings was the same as in regeneration stands but with lower invertebrate abundance. Humus forms and soil features changed with developmental phases in both the south- and north-facing sites, although variations were more pronounced in the southern exposure. Mature stands were characterised by high levels of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, C/N values and low pH, the clearings and regeneration stands being characterised by a greater release of mineral nitrogen. The diversity of zoological groups (Shannon iener index) was linearly correlated to soil pH, Humus Index, the amount of organic carbon and the species richness of herbaceous plants. Our results about the composition and the diversity of invertebrate communities are consistent with the observations of other authors studying south-exposed forests growing on different bedrock types, indicating that such relationships are widespread. The higher densities of invertebrates in the south-facing site may be attributed to higher solar radiation, and the positive correlation observed between total soil fauna abundance and solar energy supports the ore individuals hypothesis that assumes a positive relationship between the number of individuals and energy availability. Possible ways by which forest dynamics control soil invertebrate communities are discussed.
[9] 董炜华, 殷秀琴, 顾卫, .

公路路域植被不同演替阶段土壤动物群落特征

[J]. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(4): 678-685.

URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

通过对半干旱典型草原地带公路路域植被自然恢复过程中,即不同演替阶段的土壤动物群落研究表明,当原有的土壤—植被受到彻底破坏后,大型土壤动物也随之消失;中小型土壤动物对土壤—植被系统的依存程度要较大型土壤动物小得多,即便土壤—植被系统受到彻底破坏,中小型土壤动物也能存活。植被恢复阶段,土壤动物的类群和密度明显增加,植被发育顶级阶段两个生境的土壤动物类群和密度存在差异。植被恢复阶段和植被发育顶级阶段土壤动物的多样性差异较小。鞘翅目土壤动物与全部土壤动物的多样性指数变化趋势基本一致,鞘翅目土壤动物对研究区植被不同演替阶段具有明显的指示作用。土壤动物群落多样性指数与土壤pH、全磷、全钾和土壤自然含水量的平均灰色关联系数较大,说明在植被恢复过程中土壤动物群落多样性变化与这几个主要因子关系密切。

[Dong Weihua, Yin Xiuqin, Gu Wei et al.

Characteristics of soil fauna community related to vegetation succession alongside roads.

Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(4): 678-685.]

URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

通过对半干旱典型草原地带公路路域植被自然恢复过程中,即不同演替阶段的土壤动物群落研究表明,当原有的土壤—植被受到彻底破坏后,大型土壤动物也随之消失;中小型土壤动物对土壤—植被系统的依存程度要较大型土壤动物小得多,即便土壤—植被系统受到彻底破坏,中小型土壤动物也能存活。植被恢复阶段,土壤动物的类群和密度明显增加,植被发育顶级阶段两个生境的土壤动物类群和密度存在差异。植被恢复阶段和植被发育顶级阶段土壤动物的多样性差异较小。鞘翅目土壤动物与全部土壤动物的多样性指数变化趋势基本一致,鞘翅目土壤动物对研究区植被不同演替阶段具有明显的指示作用。土壤动物群落多样性指数与土壤pH、全磷、全钾和土壤自然含水量的平均灰色关联系数较大,说明在植被恢复过程中土壤动物群落多样性变化与这几个主要因子关系密切。
[10] 殷秀琴, 顾卫, 董炜华, .

公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物群落变化及多样性

[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(9): 4295-4305.

https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.09.028      URL      Magsci      摘要

对内蒙古中部呼集高速卓资段的公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物群落进行研究,探讨人工恢复植被前后土壤动物的数量组成、结构,揭示人工恢复植被后土壤动物多样性变化规律及其影响因素,为路域生态恢复与生态建设提供科学依据。研究表明公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物的种类和数量急剧增加。未进行人工恢复植被的裸露边坡没有大型土壤动物。不论是人工恢复植被当年还是人工恢复植被1年后,西北坡大型和中小型土壤动物的数量均高于东南坡。人工植被恢复的时间不同,大型土壤动物类群数量差异显著,个体数量差异不显著,中小型土壤动物类群数量和个体数量差异均显著。土壤动物的种类组成和个体数量随着人工恢复植被时间发生变化。隐翅虫及蜘蛛,线虫、节跳虫、辐螨、革螨和甲螨它们之间相关性大,经常共同出现在人工恢复植被后各边坡,并且个体数量多。无论是大型土壤动物还是中小型土壤动物个体数量和类群数量的垂直分布均具表聚性。土壤动物的多样性受土壤pH值和有机质、全P、全N含量的影响。土壤含水量对中小型土壤动物的多样性的影响较大。通过对土壤环境因子的主成分分析结果表明,0~5cm和5~10cm的土壤含水量为主导因子。

[Yin Xiuqin, Gu Wei, Dong Huihua et al.

The community change and diversity of soil fauna after artificial vegetation restoration in highway slope.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008, 28(9): 4295-4305.]

https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.09.028      URL      Magsci      摘要

对内蒙古中部呼集高速卓资段的公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物群落进行研究,探讨人工恢复植被前后土壤动物的数量组成、结构,揭示人工恢复植被后土壤动物多样性变化规律及其影响因素,为路域生态恢复与生态建设提供科学依据。研究表明公路边坡人工恢复植被后土壤动物的种类和数量急剧增加。未进行人工恢复植被的裸露边坡没有大型土壤动物。不论是人工恢复植被当年还是人工恢复植被1年后,西北坡大型和中小型土壤动物的数量均高于东南坡。人工植被恢复的时间不同,大型土壤动物类群数量差异显著,个体数量差异不显著,中小型土壤动物类群数量和个体数量差异均显著。土壤动物的种类组成和个体数量随着人工恢复植被时间发生变化。隐翅虫及蜘蛛,线虫、节跳虫、辐螨、革螨和甲螨它们之间相关性大,经常共同出现在人工恢复植被后各边坡,并且个体数量多。无论是大型土壤动物还是中小型土壤动物个体数量和类群数量的垂直分布均具表聚性。土壤动物的多样性受土壤pH值和有机质、全P、全N含量的影响。土壤含水量对中小型土壤动物的多样性的影响较大。通过对土壤环境因子的主成分分析结果表明,0~5cm和5~10cm的土壤含水量为主导因子。
[11] 李涛, 李灿阳, 俞丹娜, .

交通要道重金属污染对农田土壤动物群落结构及空间分布的影响

[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(18): 5001-5011.

URL      Magsci      [本文引用: 2]      摘要

为了解交通要道重金属对路边农田土壤动物群落结构及空间分布的影响,分季节分层次对104国道浙江上虞段周围农田5条样带及1条对照样带进行取样调查,共获得土壤动物4046个,计50个类群,隶属于4门7纲,弹尾目、前气门亚目、甲螨亚目为优势类群,其余为常见类群和稀有类群。同时测定了采样带土壤理化性质和重金属含量,结合类群特征指数,研究农田土壤动物群落结构特征以及土壤动物对土壤重金属污染的响应。结果表明,6条样带土壤理化指标全磷和pH、重金属各因子差异显著(P<005),公路周围重金属含量明显高于对照和土壤背景值,随着采样距104国道的距离的减小,土壤动物的类群数和个体数呈现减少的趋势,在土层垂直分布上,并呈现表聚性减弱的现象。灰色关联分析表明,在调查样带中全磷对土壤动物的影响最大,土壤pH次之,其次是铅、铬的影响,锌的影响最小。土壤理化指标全磷和pH对农田土壤动物的影响大于土壤重金属,但重金属对污染样带土壤动物群落结构的影响已不能忽视。

[Li Tao, Li Canyang, Yu Danna et al.

Effects of heavy metals from road traffic on the community structure and spatial distribution of cropland soil animals.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(18): 5001-5011.]

URL      Magsci      [本文引用: 2]      摘要

为了解交通要道重金属对路边农田土壤动物群落结构及空间分布的影响,分季节分层次对104国道浙江上虞段周围农田5条样带及1条对照样带进行取样调查,共获得土壤动物4046个,计50个类群,隶属于4门7纲,弹尾目、前气门亚目、甲螨亚目为优势类群,其余为常见类群和稀有类群。同时测定了采样带土壤理化性质和重金属含量,结合类群特征指数,研究农田土壤动物群落结构特征以及土壤动物对土壤重金属污染的响应。结果表明,6条样带土壤理化指标全磷和pH、重金属各因子差异显著(P<005),公路周围重金属含量明显高于对照和土壤背景值,随着采样距104国道的距离的减小,土壤动物的类群数和个体数呈现减少的趋势,在土层垂直分布上,并呈现表聚性减弱的现象。灰色关联分析表明,在调查样带中全磷对土壤动物的影响最大,土壤pH次之,其次是铅、铬的影响,锌的影响最小。土壤理化指标全磷和pH对农田土壤动物的影响大于土壤重金属,但重金属对污染样带土壤动物群落结构的影响已不能忽视。
[12] 尹文英. 中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M] . 北京: 科学出版社, 1998 .

[本文引用: 1]     

[Yin Wenying.Chinese soil animal retrieving pictures . Beijing: Science Press, 1998.]

[本文引用: 1]     

[13] 郑乐怡, 归鸿. 昆虫分类[M] . 南京: 南京师范大学出版社, 1999 .

[本文引用: 1]     

[Zheng Leyi, Gui Hong.Insect classification . Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University Press, 1999.]

[本文引用: 1]     

[14] 钟觉民. 幼虫分类学[M] . 北京: 农业出版社, 1990 .

[本文引用: 1]     

[Zhong Jiaomin.Larvae taxonomy. Beijing: Agricultural Press, 1990.]

[本文引用: 1]     

[15] 殷秀琴. 东北森林土壤动物研究[M]. 长春: 东北师范大学出版社, 2001.

[本文引用: 1]     

[Yin Xiuqin.The Northeast forest soil animal studies . Changchun: Northeast Normal University Press, 2001.]

[本文引用: 1]     

[16] Weaver W, Shannon C E.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1949.

[本文引用: 1]     

[17] Doblas-Miranda E, Sánchez-Piñero F, González-Megías A.

Soil macroinvertebrate fauna of a Mediterranean arid system:compositionand temporal changes in the assemblage

[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2007, 39: 1916-1925.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.02.009      URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

Temporal variability is a key factor to understand the structure of belowground communities. Seasonal and annual variations are especially relevant in unpredictable desert ecosystems, where macroinvertebrates are poorly known, despite constituting an important group of soil organisms. In the present study, we analyse the composition and temporal (seasonal and annual) variations of soil macroinvertebrates in an arid area of southern Spain. During two years, macroinvertebrates were sampled in litter and belowground levels by means of soil cores. Results show that the assemblage was dominated by , especially and . The assemblage differed between litter and belowground levels. In litter, detritivores dominated the community, while belowground fauna showed a similar proportion of detritivores and herbivores and a low percentage of predators. Litter and belowground assemblages showed seasonal variations in richness, abundance, biomass and composition, although variations were more marked in litter than belowground. Patterns of seasonal variation also differed between the two study years for both litter and belowground invertebrates. The seasonal and annual variability of the assemblage has potentially important implications for community dynamics in the study system, since the changes in species composition and trophic structure of soil invertebrate assemblages may affect species interactions and food web dynamics over time. Therefore, integrating temporal variability is likely to be crucial to understand soil community dynamics and food webs, especially in heterogeneous, variable systems as deserts.
[18] Magurran A E.

Measuring biological diversity

[M]. 2004 .

[本文引用: 1]     

[19] Berg B, Mcclaugherty C.

Plant litter:decomposition,humus formation,carbons equestration

[M]. New York: Springer Verlag, 2007 .

[本文引用: 1]     

[20] Cutz-Pool L Q, Palacios-Vargas J G, Castano-Meneses Get al.

Edaphic collembola from two agroecosystems with contrasting irrigation type in hidalgo state, Mexico

[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2007, 36(1): 46-52.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.11.009      URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

This study was done in San Salvador and El Bondho, Mezquital valley, Hidalgo State, Mexico, with the aim of comparing the Collembola community from two plots with the same edaphic classification: San Salvador is irrigated with waste water (residual water) from Mexico City, and El Bondho, is watered from a well (sweet water). A total of 5967 Collembola from 31 species were obtained of which 19 are new records for Hidalgo State; 4833 specimens were from San Salvador and 1134 from El Bondho. Their species richness was 29 and 19, respectively. Dominant species both in abundance and frequency were Proisotoma minuta, Cryptopygus thermophilus, Xenylla grisea and Hypogastrura essa at San Salvador. Diversity and evenness were higher there than in El Bondho; in addition the species richness was lower than at San Salvador; mainly due to the dominant species. Similarity coefficient shows a disturbance in the composition of the Collembola communities, with only 70% of similarity among both plots. The irrigation type affects the density of some species like X. grisea, Folsomides parvulus, Cryptopygus ca. benhami, Pseudosinella octopunctata and C. thermophilus and composition in both plots while Lepidocyrtus violaceus, Pseudosinella violenta and Sphaeridia serrata are affected by irrigation kind and sampling date. Soil properties, such pH, EC, OM and exchangeable contents of cations (Mg 2+, Na +) appear to affect the composition and abundance of the Collembola communities.
[21] Liang W J, Lou Y L, Li Q et al.

Nematode faunal response to long-term application of nitrogem fertilizer and organic manure in Northeast China

[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009, 41: 883-890.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.06.018      URL      摘要

Nematode faunal response to the long-term (20-year) application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure was monitored in a Hapli-Udic Cambosol of Northeast China, where no fertilizer (C), nitrogen fertilizer (N), organic manure (M) and nitrogen fertilizer plus organic manure (N + M) treatments were compared. The obtained results showed that total nematode abundance responded positively to the M and N + M treatments. The numbers of Acrobeloides increased in the M and N + M treatments at maize jointing and booting stages, and those of Aphelenchoides were higher in the N + M treatment than in the N treatment at maize ripening stage. Early in the growing season, the numbers of bacterivores of cp-1 (cp, colonizer-persister) and cp-2 guilds were higher in the M and N+M treatments than in the N treatment, while those of bacterivores and fungivores of cp-4 guilds were higher in the C treatment than in the N, M and N + M treatments. Except at maize seedling stage, the numbers of fungivores of cp-2 and herbivores of cp-3 guilds were higher in the N + M treatment than in the C treatment. Ratios of the weighted abundance of representatives of specific functional guilds were used as indicators of food web structure, enrichment and decomposition channels. Values of the enrichment index (EI) at maize seedling and jointing stages were higher in the M and N + M treatments than in the C and N treatments, while an opposite trend was observed in the channel index (CI). Higher EI and lower CI suggest an enriched soil food web dominated with bacterial decomposition channels in the M and N + M treatments.
[22] 宋理洪, 武海涛, 吴东辉.

我国农田生态系统土壤动物生态学研究进展

[J]. 生态学杂志, 2011, 30(12): 2898-2906.

URL      Magsci      摘要

综述了我国近30年来农田生态系统土壤动物生态学研究进展,概述了我国农田土壤动物的群落多样性及其地理分布,总结了农田生态系统中土壤动物对不同耕作方式、施肥和喷洒农药等农业措施、不同土地利用方式以及工业污染的响应,并就土壤动物对农田生态系统健康状况的指示作用等研究的相关进展进行了讨论。通过与国外相关领域的研究进行比较,指出目前研究中存在的问题,提出农田生态系统未来研究的一些热点问题及展望。

[Song Lihong, Wu Haitao, Wu Donghui.

Soil fauna ecology in China cropland ecosystems: Research progress.

Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2011, 30(12): 2898-2906.]

URL      Magsci      摘要

综述了我国近30年来农田生态系统土壤动物生态学研究进展,概述了我国农田土壤动物的群落多样性及其地理分布,总结了农田生态系统中土壤动物对不同耕作方式、施肥和喷洒农药等农业措施、不同土地利用方式以及工业污染的响应,并就土壤动物对农田生态系统健康状况的指示作用等研究的相关进展进行了讨论。通过与国外相关领域的研究进行比较,指出目前研究中存在的问题,提出农田生态系统未来研究的一些热点问题及展望。
[23] 朱新玉, 董志新, 况福虹, .

长期施肥对紫色土农田土壤动物群落的影响

[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(2): 464-474.

https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201112071873      URL      Magsci      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

土壤动物在陆地生态系统物质循环和能量流动中起着重要作用,直接或间接的参与土壤有机质的分解与矿化;长期施肥对土壤理化性质产生影响的同时,改变了土壤动物群落组成。为查明紫色土长期施肥对土壤动物群落的影响及其响应关系,于2008年的5、7、9和11月分别对紫色土农田无肥对照(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、常规化肥氮磷钾(NPK)、有机肥(OM)、有机肥与化肥氮磷钾混施(OMNPK)、秸秆还田(RSD)和秸秆还田与化肥氮磷钾混施(RSDNPK)等7种长期施肥定位试验地的土壤动物群落进行调查,采用改良的干漏斗和湿漏斗两种方法,共获得土壤动物9454只,隶属7门17纲24目。分析表明, OM和RSDNPK两种施肥方式下土壤动物群落的多样性显著高于CK、N和NPK等3种施肥方式,说明有机物料的长期投入有利于提高土壤动物群落丰富度和多样性。方差分析表明施肥方式对土壤动物主要类群密度的影响差异性极显著(<em>F</em>=42.412, <em>P</em>=0.0001),对土壤动物群落类群影响存在不均衡性。施肥方式主要影响农田土壤动物类群的种群个体数量、线虫动物门个体数量、大蚓类个体数量、甲螨亚目个体数量、密度-类群指数DG及土壤动物群落类群数等六个指标,初步认为这些主要类群因素能够预测长期施肥引起的土壤肥力变化,可能对指示土壤质量的变化具有一定潜力。

[Zhu Xinyu, Dong Zhixin, Kuang Fuhong et al.

Effects of fertilization regimes on soil faunal communities in cropland of purple soil, China.

Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(2): 464-474.]

https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb201112071873      URL      Magsci      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

土壤动物在陆地生态系统物质循环和能量流动中起着重要作用,直接或间接的参与土壤有机质的分解与矿化;长期施肥对土壤理化性质产生影响的同时,改变了土壤动物群落组成。为查明紫色土长期施肥对土壤动物群落的影响及其响应关系,于2008年的5、7、9和11月分别对紫色土农田无肥对照(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、常规化肥氮磷钾(NPK)、有机肥(OM)、有机肥与化肥氮磷钾混施(OMNPK)、秸秆还田(RSD)和秸秆还田与化肥氮磷钾混施(RSDNPK)等7种长期施肥定位试验地的土壤动物群落进行调查,采用改良的干漏斗和湿漏斗两种方法,共获得土壤动物9454只,隶属7门17纲24目。分析表明, OM和RSDNPK两种施肥方式下土壤动物群落的多样性显著高于CK、N和NPK等3种施肥方式,说明有机物料的长期投入有利于提高土壤动物群落丰富度和多样性。方差分析表明施肥方式对土壤动物主要类群密度的影响差异性极显著(<em>F</em>=42.412, <em>P</em>=0.0001),对土壤动物群落类群影响存在不均衡性。施肥方式主要影响农田土壤动物类群的种群个体数量、线虫动物门个体数量、大蚓类个体数量、甲螨亚目个体数量、密度-类群指数DG及土壤动物群落类群数等六个指标,初步认为这些主要类群因素能够预测长期施肥引起的土壤肥力变化,可能对指示土壤质量的变化具有一定潜力。
[24] Hasegawa M, Sasaki T, Sato F et al.

Effects of roads on collembolan community structure in subtropical evergreen forests on Okinawa Island, southwestern Japan

[J]. Pedobiologia, 2015, 58(1): 13-21.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.11.002      URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

Because roads through forested sites may affect the soil invertebrate community within the forest, we investigated collembolan community structure at various distances from roads running through subtropical evergreen forests on Okinawa, Japan. We hypothesized that collembolan communities near roads would be deleteriously affected due to the reduction of litter and changes in water conditions, and tree community composition as compared to those in the inner forest. Collembolan densities tended to be lower near roads (up to 102m inside the forest) than in inner-forest regions (≥2002m from roads). Collembolan species richness in the soil was also affected by distance from the roadside. A decrease in collembolan density was associated with lower soil water content and changes in tree community composition (principally a decrease in Castanopsis sieboldii cover), but the accumulated litter weight had no significant effect, probably because accumulated litter levels were low. The extent of Bray–Curtis dissimilarity between collembolan communities located along roads decreased with distance from the roadside as compared to that of reference sites (>8002m from the roads). Separation of Bray–Curtis dissimilarities into two components revealed that differences between roadside communities and those of reference sites were largely explained by taxonomic turnover (i.e., individuals of certain species at one site were substituted with the same numbers of individuals of different species at another site). The dissimilarities between collembolan community compositions at 1 or 502m from roadsides as compared to those of reference sites 2002m from roadsides appeared to be attributable to higher density losses of all species found at 1 or 502m. Distance-based linear modeling showed that the collembolan community composition was associated both with distance from the forest edge and with the index values of tree community structure. Folsomia octoculata served as an inner-forest (≥2002m from the roadside) indicator species. The prevalences of certain dominant species were correlated with the first tree nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) axis. Overall, changes in collembolan communities at forest edges seemed to be caused by diminished soil water content and the presence of tree communities that differed from those in deeper forest.
[25] 刘玉荣, 贺纪正, 郑袁明.

跳虫在土壤污染生态风险评价中的应用

[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2008, 3(4): 323-330.

URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

随着土壤污染生态风险评价研究的逐步深入,选择适宜的生物作为风险评价的指示物成为研究热点.跳虫是一种分布极为广泛的土壤无脊椎动物,对土壤污染十分敏感,具有成为土壤环境质量指示生物的良好潜力.目前跳虫在土壤生态风险评价中的应用研究尚处于起步阶段.论文综述了跳虫在土壤生态系统中的作用,通过对当前跳虫生态毒性测试技术及其影响因素的综合分析,结合跳虫的分子生态效应的研究进展,详细阐述了跳虫在土壤生态风险评价中的应用.论文最后提出了跳虫应用于土壤污染生态风险评价所面临的技术障碍以及亟待解决的问题,并对该领域的前景进行了展望。

[Liu Yurong, He Jizheng, Zheng Yuanming.

A review of application of springtails in ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils.

Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2008, 3(4): 323-330.]

URL      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

随着土壤污染生态风险评价研究的逐步深入,选择适宜的生物作为风险评价的指示物成为研究热点.跳虫是一种分布极为广泛的土壤无脊椎动物,对土壤污染十分敏感,具有成为土壤环境质量指示生物的良好潜力.目前跳虫在土壤生态风险评价中的应用研究尚处于起步阶段.论文综述了跳虫在土壤生态系统中的作用,通过对当前跳虫生态毒性测试技术及其影响因素的综合分析,结合跳虫的分子生态效应的研究进展,详细阐述了跳虫在土壤生态风险评价中的应用.论文最后提出了跳虫应用于土壤污染生态风险评价所面临的技术障碍以及亟待解决的问题,并对该领域的前景进行了展望。
[26] Skubała P, Kafel A.

Oribatid mite communities and metal bioaccumulation in oribatid species (Acari, Oribatida) along the heavy metal gradient in forest ecosystems

[J]. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 2004, 132(1): 51-60.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.03.025      URL      PMID: 15276273      [本文引用: 1]      摘要

The responses of oribatid communities to heavy metal contamination were studied. Concentration of cadmium, copper and zinc in nine oribatid species along a gradient of heavy metal pollution was measured. Oribatid mites were sampled seasonally during two years in five forests located at different distances from the zinc smelter in the Olkusz District, southern Poland. The most numerous and diverse oribatid communities were found in the forest with moderate concentrations of heavy metals. Analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed large differences in metal body burdens among species. All studied oribatid species appeared to be accumulators of copper with Oppiella nova, Nothrus silvestris and Adoristes ovatus characterized by the highest bioaccumulation factors. Most species poorly accumulate cadmium and zinc. The accumulation of heavy metals in the body of oribatids was not strictly determined by their body size or the trophic level at which they operate.

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