从影响地下水脆弱性的地质与水文地质条件、地貌特征、污染物性质、土地利用状况以及地下水社会价值功能等因素出发,筛选出22项评价指标,初步构建具有多层次结构特点的地下水环境风险评价指标体系。在将地下水环境风险定义为风险等级与风险重要性乘积的基础上,对风险等级与风险重要性等级的分级标准进行探讨,建立风险评价的模糊多属性决策分析模型。作为案例,将上述指标体系和评价模型应用于皖北3个城市浅层地下水环境风险的分析,取得较好效果,为地下水环境风险评价研究提供了新思路、新方法。

Groundwater environmental assessment is a useful tool for environmental planning and decision-making. Up to now, many studies have been carried out and several index models have been developed for assessing groundwater vulnerability worldwide. Because of the complicated characteristics of groundwater environmental system, however, there still has no a satisfactory methodology for the comprehensive assessment of groundwater environmental risk. In this paper, an index system, with multi-level structure, was first established for groundwater environmental risk assessment, by using twenty-two qualitative and quantitative indictors chosen from such fields as geology, hydrological geology, landform, pollution qualities, types of land use and social values of groundwater, etc. Meanwhile, the groundwater environmental risk was defined as a multiplication between grade of risk and importance of risk, and the classification standards for grade of risk and importance of risk were also primarily established, individually. On the bases, a fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making model was proposed for the assessment of groundwater environmental risk. As a case, above index system and model were utilized to evaluate the groundwater environmental risk of three cities, located in the north of Anhui Province. Study result showed that the index system and multi-attribute decision-making model established above were reasonable and effective for groundwater environmental risk assessment.