产业地理集聚既取决于产业特征,也依赖于区域特性。采用2001年基本单位普查资料企业数据对比江苏和安徽两个差异显著的省区制造业地理集聚。总体而言,制造业在安徽省较江苏省更为集聚,两省最为集聚的产业是一些资本或技术密集型产业,最为分散的产业是需要接近资源或地方化市场或地方保护较强。一些资源加工型产业、资本技术密集型产业以及历史悠久的传统产业在江苏省和安徽省集聚态势差异明显。制造业地理集聚的区域差异可能源于产业在不同省区的技术水平、规模强度以及功能的差异,但区域性因素仍然是主导。两省经济发展水平、城市化水平以及基础设施的差异是安徽省大多数产业较江苏省更为集聚的一般解释,资源区位及其可得性、地理位置、产业传统以及制度性差异等进一步造成了一些产业在两省地理集聚程度的差异。
Geographical agglomeration of manufacturing employment in China is pervasive. The degree of industrial agglomeration of individual industries depends on both industrial-specific and regional-specific factors. One industry may exhibit different locational patterns in different regions. This paper uses plant-level data collected from the second census of basic units in 2001 to compare the geographical agglomeration of manufacturing employments in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. Overall, manufacturing employments are more geographically agglomerated in Anhui than in Jiangsu. The most agglomerated industries belong to resources-processing capital intensive and technology intensive industries while the most dispersed ones are those requiring localized resources inputs and market-oriented industries. Heavily protected industries by local governments are also fairly geographically dispersed. Some resources-processing industries, capital and technology intensive industries and industries with long traditions differ significantly in the degree of agglomeration in Anhui and Jiangsu. The regional differences of industrial agglomerations are associated with regional inequalities in economic development, infrastructure and urbanization as well as geographical location, resources accessibility and industrial traditions. In the transitional China, differences in institutional environments also lead to interregional disparities in industrial agglomeration.
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