辽中地区矿业城市是中国重要的能源生产和重工业基地,研究其生态系统脆弱性有助于改善该区域环境恶化、生态系统失调的状况,为其可持续发展提供决策依据。基于矿业城市复合生态系统内涵,建立了辽中地区矿业脆弱性评价指标体系,提出生态系统协调度,并设定了其脆弱性和协调性分级标准。结果表明:2005年,辽中地区矿业城市生态系统脆弱性处于亚稳定状态,主要限制因子为资源匹配指数、环境质量指数和经济发展指数;辽中地区矿业城市生态系统间处于亚协调状态,其中本溪略低于亚协调,处于低度失调状态。鞍山的资源匹配指数处于较失调状态,抚顺、本溪的资源匹配指数处于失调状态,抚顺、本溪的经济发展指数处于较失调状态,是限制整个生态系统协调发展的主要原因。该评价模型较真实的反映了辽中地区矿业城市生态系统脆弱性、协调性状况,并且提出了制约其发展主要限制因子。
Since the mining cities in Central Liaoning have been important energy production base and heavy industry base in China, the research on their ecological vulnerability will contribute to the improvement of environmental quality and ecological harmony, then we would offer academic basis for the decision-making of sustainable development. Based on the meaning of compound ecosystem in mining cities, we established the indicator system about ecological vulnerability of mining cities in Central Liaoning; put forward the ecological harmony degree; and set up the standards of ecological vulnerability and ecological harmony degree. The results showed that: the ecological vulnerability of mining cities in central Liaoning was in the sub-steady state, the main restrict factors were resources matching index, environmental quality index and economic development index. The ecosystem of it was in the sub-harmony state, of which Benxi was inferior to sub-harmony. The resources matching index in Anshan was inferior to maladjusted, Fushun and Benxi, the economic development index in Fushun and Benxi were inferior to maladjusted, which were the main restrict factors on the harmony development of ecosystems. The vulnerability and harmony degree for the ecosystems of the mining cities in Central Liaoning were well reflected by the model, then we offered their main restrict factors.
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