基于景点空间可达性的中国旅游区划
作者简介:潘竟虎(1974-),男,甘肃嘉峪关人,副教授,博士,研究方向为空间经济分析。E-mail:panjh-nwnu@163.com
收稿日期: 2013-06-05
要求修回日期: 2013-10-10
网络出版日期: 2014-10-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(41061017,41361040)
甘肃省研究生导师科研项目(1201-14)
西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升计划(SKQNYB12021)资助
Tourism Regionalization in China Based on Spatial Accessibility of A-grade Scenic Spots
Received date: 2013-06-05
Request revised date: 2013-10-10
Online published: 2014-10-10
Copyright
旅游区划对区域旅游业的发展具有重要的影响与意义,基于景点地理位置与交通可达性进行旅游区划,实质是对客源地与目的地空间关系的研究。以中国A级旅游景点所在地理位置和交通可达性为依据,探讨基于可达性格局的旅游区划问题和基于GIS技术的旅游区划分方法。以可达性空间表达技术为基础,运用栅格成本加权距离算法,计算所有A级旅游景点的空间可达性,并分别计算了各自的服务区范围。在此基础上通过对不同时间阀值下服务区范围变化的判断,进行旅游景点腹地范围的空间合并,并对各旅游景点空间分布格局特征进行深入分析,最终将全国分为9个一级旅游区、22个二级旅游区和177个三级旅游区,形成了中国旅游区划等级体系。
潘竟虎 , 从忆波 . 基于景点空间可达性的中国旅游区划[J]. 地理科学, 2014 , 34(10) : 1161 -1168 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2014.010.1161
Regionalization is the important research content in geography. Tourism regionalization is one of the foundations of the development of tourism in a country or region,and has important influence on and significance to the development of regional tourism. The research on scenic spots in the macro tourism regionalization,in essence,is the study of the relationships between tourism destinations and tourists. The A-grade scenic spot is a tourist ranking classifiable system with Chinese characteristics and is a national standard of comprehensive evaluation about scenic spot quality and grade in China. In this article,according to the geographical location and transportation accessibility of scenic spots, the tourism regionalization is studied based on pattern of accessibility. Based on matrix raster data covering the whole space,this article calculates spatial accessibility of all scenic spots in China using cost weighted distance method and ArcGIS as platforms. Service range of A -grade scenic spots is also calculated by using Cost Allocation method. Based on location of scenic spots,transportation accessibility and deep analysis of tourist districts distribution pattern,the service zones are divided by setting the control time,merging up grade by grade,9 first-grade tourist zones,22 second zones and 177 third-grade ones are divided across the country,a hierarchy of tourism division in China is formed. The results showed that the regional average accessibility of scenic spots is about 129.16 minutes,and the area where the accessibility of scenic spots is within 120 minutes reaches 60%,while the area where the accessibility is within 0.5 hour accounts for more than 26% and the longest time needs 75 hours which is located at the core of Tibetan Plateau. The tourism regionalization of the result,which break the administrative boundaries,is more scientific,objective and quantitative. It provided a guideline and basis for further research of the development and utilization of tourism resources.
Key words: tourism regionalization; spatial accessibility; A-grade scenic spots; GIS
Table 1 Main traffic lines cost of China表1 主要交通线路等级时间成本 |
道路等级 | 铁路 | 高速公路 | 国道 | 省道 | 县道 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
速度(km/h) | 100 | 120 | 80 | 60 | 40 |
时间成本(min) | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 1 | 1.5 |
Fig.1 Accessibility of A-grade scenic spots图1 A级旅游景点的可达性 |
Fig.2 Service zones of A-grade scenic spots inChina图2 中国A级旅游景点的服务区 |
Fig.3 Evolvement of service range amalgamation of A-grade scenic spots图3 旅游景点服务区合并演化 |
Table 2 First- grade and second- grade tourism regionalization of China表2 中国一、二级旅游区划结果 |
一级旅游区 | 二级旅游区 | 中心城市 | 代表性景点 |
---|---|---|---|
东北 | 辽河平原 | 沈阳 | 千山、红海滩、本溪水洞、金石滩 |
白山黑水 | 哈尔滨 | 长白山、静月潭、太阳岛 | |
岭外草原 | 呼伦贝尔 | 反法西斯纪念馆 | |
华北 | 京华名胜 | 北京 | 故宫、避暑山庄、五台山、山海关 |
塞外牧歌 | 呼和浩特 | 响沙湾、大召寺、蒙古汗城 | |
华东 | 吴越江南 | 上海 | 东方明珠、苏州园林、黄山、西湖 |
齐鲁岳海 | 青岛 | 泰山、三孔、崂山、蓬莱阁 | |
碧水侨乡 | 厦门 | 井冈山、武夷山、鼓浪屿 | |
华中 | 殷商中原 | 郑州 | 清明上河园、云台山、少林寺 |
三峡两湖 | 武汉 | 武当山、三峡、神农架、衡山 | |
华南 | 粤海穗深 | 广州 | 白云山、观澜湖、 |
壮苗八桂 | 南宁 | 漓江、海洋之窗 | |
热带海岛 | 三亚 | 南山、天涯海角、海口火山群 | |
西南 | 巴山蜀水 | 成都 | 峨嵋山、九寨沟、大足石刻、蜀南竹海 |
大理南诏 | 大理 | 昆明石林、丽江古城、西双版纳植物园 | |
岩溶山水 | 贵阳 | 黄果树瀑布、龙宫 | |
西北 | 关中古迹 | 西安 | 秦始皇兵马俑、华山、大雁塔、法门寺 |
河谷丝路 | 兰州 | 青海湖、黄河三峡、沙坡头 | |
绿洲戈壁 | 敦煌 | 鸣沙山-月牙泉、嘉峪关 | |
新疆 | 天山草原 | 乌鲁木齐 | 天山天池、喀纳斯湖、那拉提草原 |
大漠昆仑 | 喀什 | 库车王府、相思湖、艾提尕尔 | |
西藏 | 雪域高原 | 拉萨 | 布达拉宫、大昭寺、巴松措 |
Fig.4 The second- grade tourism regions of China图4 全国二级旅游区划分 |
Fig.5 Tourism regions of Hubei Province图5 湖北省旅游区划 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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