近40年中美地缘政治关系波动及背景解析
沈石(1990-),男,江苏睢宁人,博士研究生,主要从事地理数据挖掘与分析研究。E-mail: shens@mail.bnu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2018-10-23
要求修回日期: 2019-02-10
网络出版日期: 2019-07-10
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目资助(41842038)
版权
The Fluctuation and Background Analysis of Geopolitical Relations Between China and the United States During the Last 40 Years
Received date: 2018-10-23
Request revised date: 2019-02-10
Online published: 2019-07-10
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41842038)
Copyright
基于GDELT数据利用概率分析和自适应分形分析方法,从合作与冲突的角度分析1979年以来历届美国总统任期内中美态度的差异以及中美态度的持久性。结果分析表明:① 中美地缘政治关系经历3个时期,分别是冷战期、转变期和经贸合作期。这3个时期的特征是中美关系的战略基础历经从联合抗苏到经贸关系转变;② 美国对华的冲突态度在老布什和克林顿时期发展和提高,在小布什时期和奥巴马前期有所缓和,但是在奥巴马后期趋于严重。③ 美国对华整体态度持续性存在约4 a时间尺度,而且主要受冲突态度的影响。在当前特朗普政府时期,中美地缘政治关系的政治和经济要素已经发生重大转变,建议中美关系政策制定者和研究者要重视这种转变,寻求新思维和新途径应对进入新阶段的中美关系。
关键词: 中美关系; 地缘政治关系; 全球事件、语言和语调数据库; 概率分析; 自适应分形分析
沈石 , 袁丽华 , 叶思菁 , 程昌秀 , 高剑波 , 宋长青 . 近40年中美地缘政治关系波动及背景解析[J]. 地理科学, 2019 , 39(7) : 1063 -1071 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.07.004
China-US relations have always been the most important part of international geopolitical relations. Discovering and analyzing of the attitude of two sides to each other from an international multilateral perspective is of great significance for understanding the internal causes of variations in China-US geopolitical relations. Due to differences in political systems, the analysis of characteristics of the China-US changes from the perspective of the presidency of the U.S. can provide a deeper knowledge of the international geopolitical tendencies. From the time series analysis of China-US relations, we can understand the evolutionary stages of China-US geopolitical relations. An in-depth analysis of the motives of China-US relations changes is of great significance for properly making international geo-strategies. Based on the GDELT data, this paper utilized probability analysis and adaptive fractal analysis methods to analyze the attitudes' differences between China and the U.S. during the US presidential terms since 1979 from the perspectives of cooperation and conflict. Moreover, the persistence of China-US attitudes since the establishment of diplomatic ties was also studied. The results show that: 1) China-US geopolitical relations have experienced three periods: the Cold War period, the transition period and the economic and trade cooperation period. The characteristics of these three periods are that the strategic basis of China-US relations has changed from a joint anti-Soviet to economic and trade relations. 2) The negative attitude of the US toward China developed and improved during the George H.W. Bush and Clinton periods. It eased during the George W. Bush era and the early Obama period, but it became more serious in the later period of Obama. 3) The overall attitude of US toward China persists for about 4 years, and is mainly influenced by negative attitudes. During the current Trump administration, the political and economic factors of China-US geopolitical relations have undergone major transitions. It is recommended that policy-makers and researchers of China-US relations should pay attention to this transformation and seek new thoughts and new pathways to cope with China-US relations in a new stage.
图3 卡特、里根和老布什政府时期中美合作与冲突月度Goldstein Scale指数的互补累计分布函数Fig.3 The CCDF of PGS and NGS of China-US within Carter, Reagan and George H W Bush administrations |
[1] |
倪世雄, 潜旭明 . 中美关系新特点——一种基于新地缘关系视角的分析[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2008(5):99-106.
[
|
[2] |
刘丰 . 中美战略竞争与东亚安全态势[J]. 现代国际关系, 2017( 8):23-30+65.
[
|
[3] |
张幼文 . 中美贸易战:不是市场竞争而是战略竞争[J]. 南开学报(哲学社会科学版), 2018(3):8-10.
[
|
[4] |
王建伟 . 中美关系进入全面战略竞争“新时代”? [J]. 国际关系研究, 2018( 1): 42-50+155.
[
|
[5] |
陈积敏 . 美国对华战略认知的演变与中美关系[J]. 外交评论(外交学院学报), 2011,28(4):131-142.
[
|
[6] |
夏立平 . 构建新型国际关系视角下的中美关系[J]. 美国研究, 2018, 32(2): 19-33+5-6.
[
|
[7] |
吴心伯 . 特朗普执政与美国对华政策的新阶段[J]. 国际问题研究, 2018( 3): 80-93+125.
[
|
[8] |
徐坚 . 美国对华政策调整与中美关系的三大风险[J]. 国际问题研究, 2018( 4): 1-18+127.
[
|
[9] |
The GDELT project. GDELT 1.0 Event Database[EB/OL]..
|
[10] |
谢建国, 杨海燕 . 互补还是替代——中美贸易竞争关系的测度与分析[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2015(11):62-72.
[
|
[11] |
杨文龙, 杜德斌, 刘承良 , 等. 中国地缘经济联系的时空演化特征及其内部机制[J]. 地理学报, 2016,71(6):956-969.
[
|
[12] |
宋长青, 程昌秀, 史培军 . 新时代地理复杂性的内涵[J]. 地理学报, 2018,73(7):1204-1213.
[
|
[13] |
程昌秀, 史培军, 宋长青 , 等. 地理大数据为地理复杂性研究提供新机遇[J]. 地理学报, 2018,73(8):1397-1406.
[
|
[14] |
宋长青, 葛岳静, 刘云刚 , 等. 从地缘关系视角解析“一带一路”的行动路径[J]. 地理研究, 2018,37(1):3-19.
[
|
[15] |
刘云刚, 王丰龙 . 中国古代政治地理思想探究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017,36(12):1450-1462.
[
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
刘卫东, 李枏 . “中美关系30年:过去、现在、未来”国际研讨会综述[J]. 美国研究, 2009,23(1):148-154.
[
|
[24] |
于朝晖 . 试析70年代以来美国对华关系中的经济因素[J]. 国际观察, 2002(4):20-24.
[
|
[25] |
王浩 . 利益、认知、互动:中美关系演进的动因探析[J]. 世界经济与政治, 2014( 10): 98-116+158-159.
[
|
[26] |
刘建 . 克林顿政府与中美关系的演变[J]. 内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2001(1):103-108.
[
|
[27] |
牛军 . 论克林顿政府第一任期对华政策的演变及其特点[J]. 美国研究, 1998(1):7-28.
[
|
[28] |
杨文龙, 杜德斌, 游小珺 , 等. 世界跨国投资网络结构演化及复杂性研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017,37(9):1300-1309.
[
|
[29] |
刘卫东, 张国钦, 宋周莺 . 经济全球化背景下中国经济发展空间格局的演变趋势研究[J]. 地理科学, 2007,27(5):609-616.
[
|
[30] |
陈积敏 . 特朗普政府对华战略定位与中美关系[J]. 国际关系研究, 2018( 1): 29-34+155.
[
|
[31] |
吴心伯 . 新常态下中美关系发展的特征与趋势[J]. 国际问题研究, 2016( 2): 14-28+139.
[
|
[32] |
吴心伯 . 论中美关系的新常态[J]. 复旦学报(社会科学版), 2015,57(3):143-149.
[
|
[33] |
金灿荣, 赵远良 . 构建中美新型大国关系的条件探索[J]. 世界经济与政治, 2014( 3): 50-68+156-157.
[
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |