旅游开发背景下传统村落功能演变的过程与机制——以黄山市西溪南村为例
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陆林(1962−),男,安徽芜湖人,博士,教授,博导,研究方向为旅游管理与旅游地理。E-mail: llin@263.net |
收稿日期: 2021-06-28
修回日期: 2021-10-09
录用日期: 2022-04-10
网络出版日期: 2022-05-20
基金资助
安徽省社会科学重大投标项目资助(AHSKZD2019D03)
版权
Process and Mechanism of Function Evolution of Traditional Villages Under the Background of Tourism Development: A Case Study of Xixinan Village, Huangshan City
Received date: 2021-06-28
Revised date: 2021-10-09
Accepted date: 2022-04-10
Online published: 2022-05-20
Supported by
Anhui Provincial Social Science Major Bidding Project(AHSKZD2019D03)
Copyright
以黄山市传统村落西溪南村为例,通过对多元利益主体进行深度访谈,运用扎根理论方法从微观视角探索乡村功能演变的过程与机制。研究发现,西溪南村发展规划明晰,乡村旅游业形态丰富,乡村多元功能价值体系日益凸显。西溪南村乡村功能演变是地方政府、外来旅游企业、外来民宿投资者、本地居民与游客等多方利益主体协作共生的必然结果。政府政策引导是促进由内而外要素流动、乡村多功能转型的基础保障,外来旅游企业是推动西溪南村旅游开发经营的主导力量,外来民宿投资者是建构乡村民宿与生态空间、引领乡风文明实践的关键先驱,本地居民是填补细分市场、实现居业协同的重要践行者,各利益主体间的协作共生推动西溪南村乡村功能发展演变。
陆林 , 陈慧峰 , 符琳蓉 . 旅游开发背景下传统村落功能演变的过程与机制——以黄山市西溪南村为例[J]. 地理科学, 2022 , 42(5) : 874 -884 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2022.05.013
Tourism development is an important path to guide the transformation of rural functions and realize rural revitalization. Taking Xixinan Village, a traditional village in Huangshan City, as an example, the study applied in-depth interviews with government employees, exterior tourism companies, exterior homestay investors, local residents, and tourists to explore the process and evolution mechanism of rural functions from a micro perspective. It was found that the rural function evolution of Xixinan Village has gone through three stages: 1) The budding stage of tourism (2003-2008). The theme development project of ‘Jinpingmei Cultural Park’ was implemented in Xixinan Village, but the benefits and impact of tourism development were not obvious. There was no substantial evolution of rural functions. 2) In the tourism exploration stage (2009-2014), exterior investors purchased and repaired the ancient houses in Xixinan Village. Then they were opened to the tourists. It gave full play to the diversified functions of living, production and consumption of ancient dwellings, and showed the cultural and aesthetic values of Hui-style architecture. Furthermore, the tourism development strategy of Xiesheng Tourism Development Company in Xixinan Ancient Village has failed. 3) In the tourism development stage (2015-), the team of Professor Yu Kongjian from Peking University fully undertook the tourism development and management of the ancient village of Xixinan Village. The rural business has been continuously enriched. Xixinan Village has gradually realized the simplification of agricultural production functions and living functions to cultural protection and inheritance, ecological conservation, leisure and tourism, research and education, and other multi-functional shifts. In general, Xixinan Village has a clear development plan, a rich rural tourism industry, and an increasingly prominent rural multi-functional value system. The functional evolution of Xixinan Village is the certain result of the co-existence of multi-stakeholders such as local government, exterior tourism companies, exterior homestay investors, local residents and tourists. Government policy guidance is the basic guarantee to promote internal and external factor flow and rural multifunctional transformation. Exterior tourism companies are the leading force in promoting the development and operation of Xixinan Village tourism and carrying out various forms of cultural and creative activities. Exterior homestay investors are the key forerunners in constructing rural homestay space, constructing ecological space and leading the practice of local culture civilization. Local residents are vital practitioners who use their own resources to fill market segments and realize home-employment coordination. The cooperation and symbiosis among various stakeholders promote the development and evolution of the rural functions of Xixinan Village. From the perspective of rural function evolution, this study reveals the logic behind the return of villagers, capital and citizens to the countryside to build villages in Xixinan Village, and provides a realistic template and case reference for the transformation and development of Huizhou traditional villages.
表1 西溪南村功能演变机制分析:开放编码分析示例Table 1 Function evolution mechanism of Xixian Village: Open coding analysis examples |
| 范畴 | 标签 | 访谈文本 | 样本编号 |
| C1.规范制约 | c1.产权交易 | 到后面这些老房子,可以去给政府收 | V14 |
| c2.房屋整修 | 政府他们出钱来帮帮,这些老房子如果是没倒掉的之前他们是来修的 | V14 | |
| c3.规范摆摊 | 城管来了一下,就到摊位上去卖,有人管 | V2 | |
| c4.环境卫生 | 镇里都要叫人搞管理的,天天都要叫人搞垃圾 | V6 | |
| c5.景观保护 | 树林全部都是村里管理,也是政府管理 | G1 | |
| c6.秩序管控 | 几个旺季的时候,我们政府也要叫人值班 | V10 |
表2 西溪南村功能演变机制分析:主轴编码分析Table 2 Evolution mechanism of Xixinan Village’s function: Analysis of main axis coding |
| 主范畴 | 次范畴 | 材料数量 | 参考点 |
| D1.政府政策引导 | C1.规范制约 | 21 | 64 |
| C2.基础建设 | 13 | 29 | |
| C3.宣传引导 | 14 | 17 | |
| C4.招商引资 | 13 | 28 | |
| C5.政策引领 | 10 | 17 | |
| D2.企业创新驱动 | C6.编制规划 | 2 | 3 |
| C7.丰富业态 | 24 | 56 | |
| C8.研学实践 | 8 | 18 | |
| C9.盘活古民居 | 9 | 13 | |
| C10.办节事活动 | 8 | 19 | |
| D3.外来民宿投资者带动 | C11.产业发展 | 17 | 35 |
| C12.思想带动 | 7 | 21 | |
| C13.移民居住 | 22 | 50 | |
| D4.本地居民融入 | C14.摆摊卖货 | 20 | 31 |
| C15.接纳态度积极 | 12 | 30 | |
| C16.酒店民宿雇佣 | 20 | 38 | |
| C17.本地创业 | 15 | 24 |
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