Exploring the evolution of dietary pattern and their health effects is of great significance for the implementation of food security and Healthy China initiative. Focusing on multiple scales such as "three major regions, nine agricultural regions—provincial units", this paper explored the regional evolution characteristics of the dietary pattern of Chinese residents from 1987 to 2017, and deeply analyzed the health effects of changes in the dietary pattern of residents. The results showed that: 1) The dietary pattern of Chinese residents had gradually changed from "grain and vegetable-based" to "diversified consumption", and the dietary quality had generally improved while the intake of animal-sourced food had increased significantly. 2) Differences in the human-environment relationships drove the evolution of dietary pattern in different regions from a multi-scale perspective: The proportion of animal-source food consumption in the eastern region had risen fastest, the western region had always been the region with the highest proportion of oil and fat consumption, and the central region had the smallest decline in grain consumption; The consumption of animal-sourced food in the nine agricultural regions all showed an upward trend, and the consumption of other types of meals was different; The dietary pattern of residents in each province had not yet formed a significant territorial spatial differentiation pattern. 3) Malignant tumors, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and endocrine nutrition and metabolic diseases were significantly positively correlated with the consumption of animal-derived foods and oils, and were significantly negatively correlated with the food consumption. The research results are expected to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for scientifically formulating strategies to balance the dietary pattern of Chinese urban and rural residents.

Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is dispersed to the atmosphere through the soil and vegetation surfaces, and it has an important impact on water resource consumption in the watershed. It is important to study the evapotranspiration process under the changing vegetation conditions to understand the water balance and water cycle in the watershed. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a planetary-scale cloud platform for remote sensing imageries, it axiomatically has a primal advantage (e.g., premium communicating ecosystem and opening sources) in earth-science research. In this paper, the Loess Plateau was selected as the study area, on the platform of GEE, PML_V2 (2002—2017) and NDVI (1990—2020) datasets were applied, and linear regression, Mann-Kendall nonparametric test were used to quantitatively analyze the change of evapotranspiration components under the influence of vegetation changes on the Loess Plateau at a long-term scale. The results showed that: 1) The vegetation on the Loess Plateau showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.05) from 1990 to 2020, and the overall vegetation change was dominated by the trend of basic unchanged (31.2%) and slightly improved (59.4%), and gradually decreased from southeast to northwest spatially; 2) The vegetation transpiration on the Loess Plateau from 2002 to 2017 showed a significant increasing trend in vegetation transpiration and canopy interception evaporation (P<0.05) and with a non-significant decreasing trend in soil evaporation (P>0.05); 3) The increase in NDVI led to a decrease in soil evaporation (P<0.05) and increased vegetation transpiration and canopy interception evaporation (P<0.05). This study is beneficial to quantitatively clarify the impacts of the vegetated growing process and seasonal variations on the components of evapotranspiration, and provide scientific references for understanding the reciprocal feedback between vegetation changes and watershed eco-hydrological processes.

Quantitative evaluation of the human travel activity intensity (hereinafter referred to as "human travel intensity") is a fundamental element of human disturbance research, which is of utmost importance for the preservation of biodiversity. Taking the difference between urban areas and non-urban areas into account, in order to improve the response of human travel intensity to each type of environmental variable, this paper focuses on the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province, based on the Tencent location big data, using the geodetector and maximum entropy model to investigate the impact of environmental variables on human travel intensity. The results of the paper reveal that the environmental variables affecting the human travel intensity in the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province present a nonlinear enhancement or bivariate enhancement type under the interaction, and the combination of the distance to residences and the land cover type has the largest explanatory power for the human travel intensity. The prediction accuracy of the maximum entropy model meets the "good" criterion according to the standard (Area Under Curve, AUC= 0.855), and the human travel intensity in the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province shows a general pattern of "high in the east and low in the west". Among all the environmental variables, distance to residences, land cover type, distance to roads, and slope are the main influencing variables, and the cumulative contribution of these four environmental variables exceeds 90%. As a whole, human travel intensity in the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province is concentrated near residences that have gentle topography, a mild climate, moderate precipitation, and easily accessible transportation. The findings of the paper can be utilized to gain an understanding of the factors that are influencing the heterogeneity of human travel and can be a source of guidance for species protection and development in Yunnan Province.

As a trunk railway in Southwest China, Sichuan-Xizang Railway has improved the transportation infrastructure in the western China, and is of great significance to the integration and coordinated development. This paper takes Sichuan-Xizang Railway as the research object, and calculates the accessibility of cities along the railway based on the network of roads and railways. Combined with the particularity of Sichuan and Xizang, the influence of Sichuan-Xizang Railway on urban accessibility and regional development is analyzed from the national scale, in order to provide reference for the coordinated development of China's trans-regional transportation infrastructure and regional development. The research results show: First, the construction of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway has notably enhanced accessibility for cities along the route. The once scattered circular layout has evolved into a corridor structure running parallel to the railway. Second, in comparison to Sichuan, the Sichuan-Xizang Railway has a more profound impact on the accessibility of cities in Xizang, particularly in the central locations like Linzhi and Changdu. Moreover, this impact extends beyond the railway route, enhancing connections between cities in Xizang and the rest of the country, particularly with the southwestern and southern regions. This suggests that the influence of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway extends throughout the entire Xizang. Third, Sichuan and Xizang are characterized by its concentration of economically disadvantaged counties and a diverse population of ethnic minorities, all while boasting abundant tourism resources. The railway significantly improves accessibility to border regions, impoverished counties, and autonomous counties inhabited by ethnic minorities. This has considerable implications for national security, ethnic unity, and regional integration and development. Finally, when viewed from an organizational network perspective, the introduction of train services along the Sichuan-Xizang Railway has enhanced the structural characteristics of the national high-speed rail network, with particular benefits for the southwest region. As the coverage of direct train services expands, cities in Xizang and Sichuan become more closely interconnected. In summary, the construction of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway is instrumental in facilitating connections between the southwest region, and eastern and central regions, with significant implications for national security, ethnic unity, and the promotion of regional integration and development.

Space syntax emphasizes the ontological nature of space. People can analyze its internal cultural logic by analyzing people, activities and other space-time events in a specific space quantitatively. One of the key points of space syntax research is the study of people's spatial cognitive style, which uses people's local perception range as a means of spatial segmentation, and uses axis to simulate the structural relationship between the local perception space and the overall space. Under the background of Rural Revitalization Strategy, the characteristic protection and spatial vitality development of traditional villages are important issues in the current research. The research method of combining spatial syntax and image map can excavate the important cognitive space that is difficult to detect in the physical space, so as to provide a new research point for all-round traditional villages protection. Using space syntax to study the spatial form and the spatial cognition of space users is helpful to the protection and inheritance of traditional villages of ethnic minorities. Taking Jiaju Village in Congjiang County of Guizhou Province as the research object, this paper analyzes the spatial form of Jiaju Village. It investigates the spatial cognition of local people and tourists. The results show that: 1) The new core of Jiaju Village occupies a high-value area of integration, and its role of gathering people is increasing, while the old core maintains a central position due to the specific spatial structure and social function; 2) The linear streets and lanes with a high degree of integration, or the spatial elements connected with the axis with a high degree of integration, are more easily recognized by people, and the spatial elements perceived by villagers are more comprehensive; 3) The spatial cognition of villagers is closely related to the global integration degree, while the spatial cognition of tourists is more related to the local integration degree. This paper reveals the characteristics and causes of village spatial form and discusses the influence of spatial structure on the spatial cognition of local people and tourists. Finally, Based on the five elements of urban image proposed: Landmark, node, road, region and boundary, this paper constructs a spatial form and spatial cognitive protection framework of traditional villages of ethnic minorities from three aspects: node space, street space and spatial interface. By referring to the location of the spatial historical core obtained from the spatial syntax analysis results, and comprehensively considering the historical spatial memory and the actual situation, we orderly sort out the important cognitive nodes, use the streets and lanes to connect all the cognitive nodes in the settlement, strengthen the characteristics of the spatial interface, and form an overall cognitive sequence with the close combination of points, lines and planes, so that users can form a complete cognition of the village.

Resilience is the basic attribute of the rural system, which reflects the rural system's response to external disturbances and shocks. High resilience rural has the ability to maintain system stability, minimize losses, and make comprehensive transformation and development. Rural resilience is the frontier direction of rural study. This article uses the CiteSpace to analyze papers on rural resilience domestic and abroad that has published before January 28, 2022. By drawing knowledge map, this paper aims to show the rural resilience study development process, research hotspots, latest directions and trends of future research. The study found that: 1) Foreign rural resilience study has established a complete knowledge system, which extends from basic concepts, theories and empirical studies to climate change, environmental protection, biodiversity and other fields. All these investigated rural resilience under different shocks. 2) The research on rural resilience domestic is still in initial stage, whose topic is few and scattered. The article indicates that future research should make full use of big data and simulation technology to reveal the evolution of rural systems, resilience thresholds and development shortage as well as rural resilience building under multiple stressors for rural revitalization and high quality development.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge impact on the social and economic system of the whole world. Countries quickly halted work and production and adopted epidemic prevention policies, so world trade was once suspended. In this context, export resilience began to attract attention. Using Chinese Customs database, this paper analyzes the evolution of the geographical pattern of China's export and the changes in China's position in the world trade network during the COVID-19 pandemic, and explores China's regional and industrial export resilience. The main findings are as follows: 1) During the COVID-19 pandemic, China showed strong resilience while its export resistance is relatively weak, and it has industrial and regional heterogeneity. The difference mainly comes from factors such as factor endowment, industrial structure, global supply chain dependence, prevention policies, and trade barriers. 2) China's strong export resilience comes from the import demand of the destination country for epidemic prevention materials, the supply capacity brought by China's rapid control of the epidemic and its strong ability to switch production. 3) The pattern of China's export destination countries has not undergone major changes. It is found that the distribution of export value is positively correlated with the degree of activeness of epidemic prevention and control in the destination country; 4) After the epidemic, China's position in the world trade network has increased significantly, especially in the medical supplies, and the world trade has formed a network with China as a high-throughput central node. Finally, this paper also discusses the differences in regional economic resilience under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis. It is believed that under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the urban export-oriented economy, the two-way impact of the supply side and the demand side, and policy factors have a more obvious impact on economic resilience.

Resource-based cities (RBCs) are a unique type of cities in China that have significantly contributed to China’s national economy. However, the development of RBCs has encountered challenges, and their transformation and development require urgent attention due to the depletion of resources in RBCs and the need to comply with national ecological environment protection requirements in the 21st century. To explore the hotspots and frontiers of RBCs’ transformation and development, this paper analyzes 602 CSSCI journal papers published between 1999 and 2021. The research distribution was analyzed from 3 aspects: time, journal and author distribution, using software such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Data source, scientific knowledge graph. The paper explores the overall situation from evolution, hotspots and frontier. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The transformation and development of RBCs has gradually entered the Chinese government’s and academia’s vision since the 1980s, but substantive research only began in 2004. 2) From a time distribution perspective, research on the transformation and development of RBCs in China can be roughly divided into 3 periods: slow exploration period (1980s—2003), high-speed growth period (2004—2013) and steady progress period (2014—); In terms of journal distribution, China Population, Resources and Environment, Economic Geography, Journal of Natural Resources, Geographical Research and Scientia Geographica Sinica are notable journals that significantly supported and led studies on RBCs. Regarding authorship, the study found that Yu Jianhui, Qiu Fangdao, Zhang Wenzhong and Jiao Huafu have had great influence and contribution in this field. 3) The study also identified 6 research frontier trends: green transformation and development of RBCs, population shrinkage of RBCs, carbon emissions of RBCs, spatial reconstruction of RBCs, innovation and transformation development of RBCs, comprehensive management of two special difficult areas of coal mining subsidence areas and independent industrial and mining areas. Finally, the study proposed future research directions in four aspects: high-quality development of RBCs, smart development of RBCs, carbon emission reduction of RBCs and spatial development of RBCs.

The 'emotional turn' of western social sciences prompts human geography to pay attention to how emotions construct spatial meaning. Individuals' emotional response as a 'bottom-up' force has also begun to be concerned by Political Geography, forming a research paradigm of 'emotional geopolitics'. But it is still stuck in understanding and analyzing emotion with symbols, texts and discourses as mediators. In recent years, literatures in international relations have introduced the epistemology and methodology of psychology and neuroscience into the analysis of the relationship between emotion and political activities, calling for a return to the mechanism of emotion generation itself. They deny that political behavior is completely rational, believe that the reconstruction of international relations must be influenced by irrational factors, especially emotions, and try to integrate the mechanisms of affective neuroscience into the theory of international relations. Therefore, this paper calls on geopolitical research to urgently need knowledge spillover from the perspective of geography when focusing on the relationship between emotion and environment, space and place, and to return to the discussion of emotion generation mechanism itself. We firstly sorts out the 'emotional turn' in geopolitics, and discusses the definition of the concept of emotion and its research paradigm in emotional geopolitics. This finds that emotional geopolitics attempts to construct an irrational, pluralistic and individualized political narrative. It takes everyday life as a research field and focuses on how individual emotional power is linked to the geo-environment. However, geopolitical analysis of the connotation and formation mechanism of emotion itself is not thorough, and there is also a lack of techniques and methods to directly measure emotion, and emotion is regarded as a cultural concept constructed in the context of the geo-environment. Then, we tries to draw on the research perspective that intersects with psychology disciplines, combined with the epistemology of non-representational theory on emotion, and establishes the emotional geopolitical research framework of 'mind-body-environment'. In epistemology, this paper argues that in emotional geopolitical analysis, emotional awareness, physical experience and geographical environment should be organically combined to understand how emotion occurs in a specific geographical environment as an over-cognitive habit and reacts to geographical forces. For methodology, from an interdisciplinary perspective, we discusses the methodology of emotional geopolitics. We advocates a combination of naturalism and constructivism, a combination of 'first-person' and 'third-person' approaches. The contribution of this paper is to further highlight the theoretical and practical value of emotion in geopolitical research, so that emotion governance is not only the governance of discourse symbols, but also the whole process of emotional governance from the macro-decision level. At the same time, interdisciplinary research helps to export geography's understanding of space, place and environment to psychology, and make up for the lack of spatial perspective in psychology. The cross-disciplinary analysis framework proposed in this paper mainly draws on the cross-related studies of geopolitics and psychology in the West, and relevant researches in China are still scarce. Based on the Chinese context, more empirical research needs to be focused and discussed in the future.

It is of great significance to explore the formation of water resources and the water balance in Tianchi area for the protection of water resources and ecological environment. Based on the topographic and geomorphologic conditions, the special geological lithology and ring-radial fault structure characteristics of Tianchi area, the water circulation conditions and hydrodynamic characteristics of Tianchi Lake were analyzed. The "hydraulic peak elimination" effect of the ring fault structure and the water conduction effect of the radial fault are clarified, and the possibility of groundwater divide expansion in Tianchi recharge area is demonstrated. Based on the analysis of water circulation and hydrodynamic conditions in Tianchi area, and meteorological and hydrological monitoring data of Tianchi area from 2003 to 2020, the water balance of Tianchi Lake was calculated and analyzed based on the water balance method. The results show that the precipitation conditions in Tianchi area can maintain the water level balance of Tianchi Lake. The water balance of annual excretion of 3.6×10⁷m³ of Tianchi Lake can be maintained when the precipitation is within 850-2 200 m from the outside of the surface watershed around Tianchi Lake. The average surface elevation of the water balance area is 125 m higher than that of Tianchi water surface (2 189.7 m). many ring faults and radial faults in Tianchi area. All the above faults are tensile faults. The ring faults all inclined to Tianchi which provided favorable conditions for groundwater recharge to Tianchi Lake. The formation above 1700 m in Tianchi area is mainly composed of pumice rock and pyroclastic rock, mostly of porosity structure and strong permeability. The special geological structure conditions and stratigraphic lithology in Tianchi area make the surface divide around Tianchi not coincide with the underground watershed in the groundwater recharge area. The dominant seepage conditions of the fault structure around Tianchi constitute the "peak elimination" effect of groundwater potential energy. The ring-radial fault structure and the good permeability of the stratum lithology in Tianchi area make it possible to expand the groundwater watershed. Combined the synthetic analysis result of the of water circulation and hydrodynamic conditions in Tianchi area, and meteorological and hydrological monitoring data of Tianchi area from 2003 to 2020, the water balance of Tianchi Lake was calculated and analyzed based on the water balance method. The results show that the precipitation conditions in Tianchi area can maintain the water balance of annual excretion of 3.6×10⁷ m³ of Tianchi Lake. The distance of the water balance zone boundary is within 850-2 200 m from the outside of the surface watershed around Tianchi Lake. The average surface elevation of the water balance area is 125 m higher than that of Tianchi Lake water surface (2 189.7 m). The factors that may affect the calculation result of water balance, such as precipitation, runoff of Tianchi Lake water, calculation parameter value, condensation water amount and evaporation amount, are analyzed and discussed.

Industrial heritage is an important resource and cultural carrier of industrial tourism. How to realize the organic integration between industrial heritage and tourism utilization has become an urgent problem for the sustainable development of industrial heritage. In this paper, industrial heritage in northeast China is selected as the research object, and ArcGIS spatial analysis, concentration index and resource dominance are used to analyze its spatial distribution characteristics, and the relationship between industrial heritage resources and tourism utilization is discussed. The following conclusions are drawn: Industrial heritage in northeast China is dominated by heavy industry and less light industry, and the type distribution is significantly different among provinces. The spatial distribution type of industrial heritage in northeast China is clustered, and it shows an obvious unbalanced structure at city scale. The superiority degree of industrial heritage resources in northeast China is quite different, which mainly has the distribution characteristics of polar core area, highly dense area, sub-dense area and sparse area. Based on this, the author puts forward the utilization methods of industrial heritage tourism from the aspects of promoting the overall balanced development of industrial heritage resources, accelerating the transformation of industrial heritage resources into products, and promoting the brand building of industrial heritage resources products, so as to provide reference for the sustainable development and utilization of industrial heritage.The industrial heritage resources in northeast China exhibit spatial distribution differences, low levels of resource to product conversion, and weak brand effects. Based on this, promote the overall balanced development of industrial heritage resources in the region, form an effective connection and interaction of regional industries with “industrial culture+”, and enhance the potential and efficiency of linkage; Accelerate the transformation of industrial heritage resources into products, and in the process of preserving, changing, and restructuring the functions of various industrial heritage resources, adapt to the needs of urban functional development, and promote the cross-border integration of cultural and tourism resources; Promote the branding of industrial heritage resource products, fully explore industrial cultural elements in the branding of various industrial heritage resources, and propose industrial heritage tourism utilization methods in terms of creating themed, diverse, and experiential industrial tourism products, providing reference for the sustainable development and utilization of industrial heritage.

Urban green belt is an important means to prevent urban sprawl and improve urban ecological security pattern. However, the city is a complex and open giant system, the actual development and construction process will often break through the planning expectations. In order to explore the non-linear changes of urban green belts with urban development in different periods and different cities, based on the perspective of resilient city construction, this study measured and analyzed the fragmentation and connectivity of green belts in three typical circular megacities of Beijing, Xi'an and Chengdu from 2000 to 2020 by using quantitative methods such as land use transfer matrix and landscape pattern index. The results showed that: 1) From 2000 to 2020, the expansion modes of the three cities were mainly the outlying expansion, and the green belts were continuously eroded by urban construction land. The distribution range of cultivated land in the three urban green belts and their buffer zones decreased significantly from the center to the periphery, and the distribution range of grassland and forest expanded and showed the characteristics of fragmentation and dispersion. 2) The proportion of construction land in the green belts of the three cities continued to rise. The rapid expansion of construction land occupied the most significant ecological land in the green belt of Beijing, followed by Xi'an and Chengdu, accounting for 44.09%, 43.21% and 37.02% respectively. The proportion of construction land area decreased first and then tended to be gentle from the inside to the outside of the green belt and its buffer zones, the proportion of cultivated land area increased first and then tended to be gentle, and other ecological land such as forest and grassland showed slight fluctuations. 3) From 2000 to 2020, the fragmentation degree of green belts in the three cities decreased as a whole, the connectivity of green belts in Beijing gradually decreased, and the connectivity of green belts in Xi'an and Chengdu showed a ''V'' trend of decreasing first and then increasing. However, the changes of landscape fragmentation and connectivity in different urban green belts were significantly different. The fragmentation degree of cultivated land in the green belts of the three cities increased, the connectivity decreased; the fragmentation degree of grassland, water body and construction land decreased, and the connectivity increased.

The major drought records with detailed disaster descriptions from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty (850 a B.C.—1911 a A.D.) are extracted from historical documents and historical material records. The entropy weight method was used to determine the comprehensive index of major drought, and the spatial autocorrelation, barycentric analysis and standard deviation ellipse were used to study the distribution pattern and change process of major drought in historical period of China. The results show that: 1) From Pre-Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, the frequency of major drought in China was 580 times, with an average of once every 4.76 years, showing an overall upward trend. 2) On the whole, the frequency of major drought in the north is higher than that in the south, and the highest frequency of drought is in some counties of Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong. 3) The Ming Dynasty is the period with the highest cumulative level of major drought, and nearly 56.81% of the areas in China have experienced major drought. The cumulative grade of major drought has significant spatial autocorrelation, and its correlation changes have experienced the process of “increase-decrease-increase-decrease”. The Moran index of the whole period is 0.43, which has significant spatial agglomeration. 4) The number of counties with major drought accounted for 21.42% of the total number of counties with major drought. Its center of gravity is always located in Henan Province, moving in the direction of “southwest-northeast-southwest-southeast-northwest”. 5) The frequency of major drought was significantly negatively correlated with temperature and precipitation. The terrain conditions of high in the west and low in the east of China, temperate continental monsoon climate and unreasonable human activities are related to North China and its surrounding areas becoming the hardest hit areas. In addition, climate change and population distribution have an important impact on the changes in the distribution pattern of major droughts in historical periods.

Land serves as a spatial carrier of various resource elements, while improving efficiency of land use is the key breakthrough to resolve the contradiction between man and land. Based on the panel data of 269 prefecture-level cities (not including the data of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2008 to 2019, this paper first uses the super-efficiency EBM-DEA model and ArcGIS spatial analysis to explore the evolutionary characteristics of green efficiency of urban construction land; secondly, combined with the spatial Durbin model under different weight matrices, this paper reveals the spatial effects of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation on the green efficiency of urban construction land. The results show that: 1) During the study period, the green efficiency of urban construction land in China has strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and the gradient distribution pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" is more prominent. 2) The spatial effect of industrial agglomeration on the green efficiency of urban construction land has a significant "U"-shaped relationship; only when industrial agglomeration exceeds a certain threshold can the "Solow Paradox" be effectively broken through, thereby improving the green efficiency of urban construction land in local and neighboring areas. 3) The "innovation compensation" effect of environmental regulations is greater than the "compliance cost", which to a certain extent verifies the applicability of the "Porter hypothesis" in the green efficiency of urban construction land in China; however, the "crowding out effect" of environmental regulations may also make neighboring cities "pollution refuges", thereby reducing the green efficiency of urban construction land. It is expected that this study will provide a reference for rationally guiding the formulation of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation policies, achieving high-quality development of urban construction land.

Land use/cover change (LUCC) in historical period is an important part of global change research. For historical LUCC over a period of more than 100 years, due to the lack of direct data with clear spatial attributes, the main way to explore this problem is to collect various proxy data and combine geographic modeling to reconstruct the spatial pattern of historical LUCC on the basis of in-depth understanding of the past spatio-temporal evolution process of land use/cover. China’s rich historical literature is the key data source for the reconstruction of long-term LUCC data sets. Continuously mining, compiling, and updating historical data sources from the literature is the basis for the continuous advancement of research. This paper analyzes the existing LUCC reconstruction data set in China from the perspective of the application of historical literature data sources. The land use data sources contained in the historical literature are summarized into 4 main types: Statistics, enumeration, description and image. Historical statistics combined with modern impact factors, historical statistics combined with enumerated data, historical data sources based on descriptions, and historical data sources based on images are the main methods for reconstructing LUCC datasets using historical data sources. The recovery and revision of statistical data, the spatialization of enumeration and description data, and the precipitation of image data are the main means for the preparation of historical data sources. The current reconstruction data set is reviewed from the application status of various data sources, data preparation methods and other aspects, and the main characteristics and problems of the reconstruction research application of historical literature are summarized, The future development trend of LUCC reconstruction historical literature application and historical data source preparation is prospected from the aspects of comprehensive utilization of multiple historical data sources, adjustment of reconstruction ideas, and use of modern information technology to improve data preparation efficiency.

Destination image constitutes a vital component of a region's overall competitive strength. Building on the model of narrative comprehension and engagement and persuasion theory, this study examines the impact of internal and external realism in intangible cultural heritage bearers' media narratives on destination image, as well as the mediating role of media character identification. External realism refers to the extent to which the story aligns with the real world (regardless of whether the story is fictional). Internal realism refers to the coherence within the story itself in terms of logic, character motivations, and the continuity of events. Media character identification includes three dimensions: the audience's emotional resonance with the media character, perspective-taking, and motivation internalisation. In addition, destination brand awareness is introduced as a moderating variable in the research model. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to validate the net effects of antecedent variables on destination image. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is employed to explore the configurational pathways leading to positive destination image evaluations. The results show that: 1) Internal realism has a significantly positive direct effect on destination image, whereas the direct effect of external realism on destination image is not significant; 2) Both internal and external realism positively influence destination image through the mediating effect of motivation internalisation, while the mediating effects of perspective-taking and emotional resonance are not significant; 3) Destination brand awareness moderates the relationship between internal realism and destination image; 4) Destination image is the outcome of multiple interacting factors, with four types of condition configurations having high explanatory power for the formation of a favourable destination image evaluation. This study proposes a “Narrative-Character-Destination Image” framework, offering implications for destination image construction.

Rural settlement plays an important role in the settlement system, but for a long time there has been a lack of in-depth research on the internal mechanism of the spatio-temporal evolution of rural settlement scale, resulting in the lack of effective theoretical guidance for the planning, construction and management of rural settlement. In this study, the spatial distribution data of rural settlements in Guangdong Province in 1980, 1995, 2005 and 2015 were obtained based on remote sensing images. Taking rural settlement patches as the unit, the spatio-temporal geographical weighted regression model was used to reveal the spatio-temporal differences of the factors influencing the evolution of rural settlement scale, and the periodic rules of the influencing mechanism were summarized. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The evolution of rural settlement scale in Guangdong Province showed a trend of increasing, stable and decreasing, and the total settlement scale decreased slightly in the past 35 years, but the regional structural difference was obvious. The evolution of rural settlements in the Pearl River Delta region is consistent with the trend of the whole province. The continuous expansion of the original rural settlements in east Guangdong led to a continuous increase in the total scale, but the trend gradually weakened. In northwest Guangdong Province, some rural settlements mainly expand in situ and some shrink gradually. The urbanization rate of new rural settlements and rural settlements is not high. 2) There are obvious spatio-temporal differences in the influencing factors on the evolution of rural settlement scale. The influence of terrain conditions, road network density, county GDP per capita and base period settlement area on rural settlement scale generally presents an "inverted U-shaped" trend, while the driving direction of other natural environment background, location accessibility and socio-economic factors is stable, but the influence changes with the stage. 3) In the past 35 years, Guangdong Province experienced three development stages: Rural-urban division, rural-urban impact and rural-urban integration. The dynamics of rural settlement scale evolution in each stage showed significant differences. In the stage of rural-urban division, rural settlement development had obvious path dependence. In the stage of urban-rural impact, the settlements with high level of social and economic development, superior natural conditions and complete transportation infrastructure are more likely to be urbanized. In the stage of urban-rural integration, the influence of natural environment background gradually weakens, while the importance of location accessibility gradually becomes prominent.

Accurately understanding the connotation and meaning of ecological interests in national territory space, explore the mechanism of the allocation of ecological benefits in national space, is the foundation for resolving spatial conflicts and optimizing the pattern of national territory space development and protection. Research has shown that: 1) The naturally formed spatial environment and the profit-seeking human mechanism, the market mechanism that plays a decisive role in resource allocation, and the policy mechanism for correcting market failure jointly affect the mechanism of ecological interest allocation in territory space. 2) The function of ecological benefit allocation in national territory space is to implement the structure of national land spatial planning, ensure the spatial redistribution of ecological benefits, and correct the profit seeking nature of market mechanisms. 3) The standardized spatial structure, rational allocation of public resources, and effective allocation of spatial rights are the predetermined benchmarks for ecological benefit allocation. At present, the spontaneous allocation of ecological interests in national territory space is characterized by prominent competition in spatial use, numerous misallocations of spatial resources, unequal spatial rights, and hidden concerns about the imbalance of secondary allocation boundaries. It is necessary to define the bottom line boundary of the ecological carrying capacity of the “three lines and one order” and the upper limit boundary of constraining government power for the allocation of ecological interests in national territory space, optimize the collaborative mechanism of ecological interests allocation in national territory space, reasonably allocate ecological interests at different spatial scales, and achieve the universal sharing of ecological interests.

Governance and geography are inextricably linked. The origin of governance thought is geography, governance is based on geographic environment, knowledge and practice. Classical geography has contributed to governance with the world view, regionalization theory, geomancy and cartography. The Age of Exploration has promoted the development of governance. Governance thought formed in the east and west under different geographical conditions continues to blend in the collision, and the focus of governance thought has shifted from the separation of nature and human to the combination of human-earth relationship. Modern geography is constantly integrating with humanities, social sciences, nature sciences, technological sciences and other disciplines, focusing on global, nation, region, place and other spatial scales and their interactions, and exploring governance paths with geographical characteristics. The thought of human-earth system coupling in geography plays an important role in the current interdisciplinary governance research. Geography provides strong support for the research of governance in terms of values, thoughts, methods and techniques. The integration of the two fields will contribute to the development of governance science.

Xixia (1038―1227 A D) was a non negligible local regime in Northwest China in the historical period of China. Its national strength was relatively weak, but its survival stage coexisted with several imperial regimes such as the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and Mongolia for a long time, and through frequent wars, it settled in the northwest corner for centuries. Many scholars have made a variety of discussions on its survival. This paper selects the coexistence period of the two regimes from the actual formation of the independent regime in Xixia (982 A D) to the southern migration of the Song Dynasty (1127 A D) as the research period, analyzes the reasons for its founding from the perspective of human ecology, and discusses the reasons for the frequent wars between the early Xixia and the Northern Song Dynasty in combination with high-resolution climate data. Records of wars between Xixia and the Northern Song Dynasty were cited from credible historical documents. Each war record in the literature is regarded as an independent war, each independent war is assigned 1, the war frequency is defined as the sum of the number of independent wars in a year, and the war frequency curve is obtained. High-resolution paleoenvironmental records of lake and stalagmite or historic records from this area or surrounding regions were selected to give a solid climatic background of this time and space. Then, carefully contrast of the two series of evidence to check if there is some relevance between wars and climate. The research shows that due to its own geographic conditions, Xixia's life needs cannot all be self-sufficient, nor can it be obtained through normal trade, considering its poor relations with the Northern Song Dynasty during most of the time they co-existed. Under such ecological pressure, Xixia chose to enrich and expand its strength in the continuous war in order to survive, so as to support the war with war and finally establish the country. The relatively warm climate conditions provided the necessary material guarantee for the war of Xixia. As for the three largest battles between Xia and the Northern Song Dynasty, it can be attributed to the material shortage caused by the deterioration of climate and environment and the social pressure brought by it. Other wars do not stem from the deterioration of environmental conditions, which may be due to the internal political and social factors of Xixia.

This paper starts from the realistic needs of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy, the modernization of the national spatial governance system and governance capacity. Based on the balanced development of urban and rural space and the special location characteristics of the metropolitan fringe, this paper scientifically analyzes the concept and characteristics of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, constructs the development process of rural spatial governance driven by socio-economic evolution, builds a logical analysis framework of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, and studies systematically the mechanism and model of rural space governance in the metropolitan fringe. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) With the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, urban and rural elements flow frequently. The rural areas in the metropolitan fringe have the characteristics of functional diversification, complexity of social structure and systematization of organizational structure, which correspond to material space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 2) Governments, village collectives, enterprises and other social subjects constantly participate in the process of rural space governance, and each subject has its own unique governance behavior mechanism in rural physical space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 3) Based on the different power allocation relationships of multiple subjects, this paper abstracts five governance models of rural space governance in metropolitan fringe, which are respectively government-led, government enterprise-joint, endogenous-driven, village enterprise-joint, and diversified-cooperation. Each space governance model has corresponding advantages and defects. Through the above studies, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for sustainable development of rural space in this special region of metropolitan fringe.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposed by China is committed to a sustainable development path. Since its inception, urban vegetation cover along the BRI route has undergone significant changes. However, the quantitative impacts and spatial heterogeneity of the BRI on these vegetation changes remain unclear. We use a difference-in-difference estimation based on propensity score matching, utilizing global urban panel data from 2002 to 2020, to quantitatively estimate the net effect of the BRI on the spatial patterns of green space in cities along its routes and the heterogeneity of its impacts. Additionally, a mediation effect model is used to analyze the underlying impact mechanisms. The results indicate that the BRI has significantly increased the total area of green space in cities along the route, with an average increase of 47.68 km² per city. Additionally, the aggregation of green patches increased, and their shapes became more complex. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive impact of the BRI on green space is more pronounced in economically underdeveloped and arid-region cities, with arid cities experiencing an average increase of 74.53 km²—1.6 times that of non-arid cities. The driving mechanisms suggest that the BRI fosters green space expansion through enhanced economic growth, while rapid urbanization leads to reduced patch aggregation, and large-scale infrastructure development contributes to increased morphological fragmentation of green space. Overall, this study demonstrates that the BRI has a positive impact on urban greening along its routes, providing robust empirical evidence and insightful policy recommendations to support China’s promotion of a green Belt and Road Initiative.

Establishing and facilitating high-quality talent flows is a crucial way to China’s international talent cultivation and intellectual-attraction country construction. Drawing on international student mobility data among 39 countries including OECD countries and China in 2019, this research constructed a weighted and directed international talent mobility network, and employed social network analysis to explore its spatial patterns and influencing mechanisms. 1) International student exchanges were quite tight among the 39 countries, forming 4 visible regional communities, i.e., the North American and Asia-Pacific community, the South America and European community, the Nordic and Baltic community, and the Czechoslovakian community. China and the United States were centers of international talent exchange. Moreover, China, the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States and France were also the gateways and hubs of international talent flows. 2) The patterns of international student outflows and inflows of 39 countries were asymmetric. The outflows of Chinese students accounted for nearly half of the total, while the outflows of OECD countries were relatively balanced. The United States, the United Kingdom and Australia ranked the top 3 in international student attraction, followed by China with 7.17% international student inflows. 3) The impact of openness degree, education quality, economic level on international student mobility all suggested sender and receiver effects. The proximity in geography, language and culture, and commodity trade could promote the bi-directional talent flows. The structure dependence effect was an important driver to the evolution of international student mobility network, with the reciprocity, preferential attachment and transitive closure effects being most pronounced, which could somewhat substitute the effects of exogenous force. There is still much room for the improvement of the talent mobility among China and OECD countries. It can be optimized from the perspectives of the country’s endowments, multi-dimensional proximity, and network structures, to promote a more flat and diversified patterns of talent mobility among these countries.

With the increase of uncertainty in the development environment at home and abroad, coastal cities are more exposed to various risk disturbances than other regions, and the evolution process of economic resilience is more complicated, however, there is a lack of coupling analysis from multiple scales such as regions, industries, and enterprises. Therefore, scientifically revealing the evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of economic resilience of coastal cities is an important support for promoting the scientific development of coastal cities and consolidating the leading position in the opening up of eastern coastal areas. By constructing the economic resilience analysis framework of coastal cities, taking Lianyungang as a case, the paper analyzes the economic resilience characteristics and influence mechanism of coastal cities with the economic resilience measurement model and the Esteban-Marquillas extended model from 1996 to 2020. The results show that: 1) The macro-economic resilience of coastal cities showed a periodic change of weakening-strengthening-weakening, and the secondary industry dominated the development of Lianyungang's economic resilience. 2) The resilience of traditional path industry in coastal cities was weaker than that of emerging path industry, and the strength of industrial mix effect, competitive advantage effect and allocation effect had a has a dynamic and staged feature. The evolution of the economic resilience of coastal cities was determined by the development of emerging industries. Emerging industries were not necessarily high-tech industries, but adapted to local conditions. 3) The resilience of enterprises in coastal cities tended to weaken, and the resilience of enterprises in emerging industries was stronger than that in traditional industries. The new enterprises of new path industries and chemical industry of the traditional path showed path dependence on specific spatial locations such as ports and high-tech zones, which indicated port location had a positive impact on enterprise survival. Therefore, guiding the agglomeration of industries in ports and development zones (high-tech zones) was the key path to improving the economic resilience of coastal cities.

Since 2012, urban residential spatial differentiation has received increasing attention from the government, society and academia. Sorting out its research context and development trend has important theoretical significance and practical value for subsequent theoretical research, planning and construction. With the help of bibliometrics and CiteSpace visualization, this paper analyzes domestic and foreign research literature on urban residential spatial differentiation. The results show that: 1) The relevant research in foreign countries started earlier, and different schools of theory and practice research systems have been formed since the early 20th century; Domestic research started late but developed rapidly, and has entered a mature stage based on learning from foreign theories. 2) The distribution of international authors is relatively scattered, but most of them have more cross-field and cross-institutional cooperation is more; However, the distribution of domestic authors is scattered and cross-field and cross-institutional cooperation is less, and universities are the backbone of their research. 3) International research focuses on residential segregation, racial segregation, and spatial segregation, and quantitative model analysis, influencing factors and dynamic mechanisms are the research frontier and trend; In China, it mainly focuses on spatial differentiation, residential differentiation, residential spatial, and other aspects, and influencing factors and policy mechanisms are the frontier and trend of its research. Finally, the paper looks forward from the aspects of building a theoretical system with Chinese characteristics based on the national conditions, using the internet and big data to carry out innovative research, using multidimensional indicators to accurately detect residential spatial differentiation and early warning, focusing on small and medium-sized cities to enrich the study case, considering the scale effect combined with the differentiation mechanism to propose regulation strategies for urban residential spatial differentiation suitable for China's national conditions.

Snow cover changes in the middle (2035—2064) and end (2070—2099) of 21st century are investigated over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the Historical data and ScenarioMIP data of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Compare with the reference period (1985—2014), the mean annual snow cover days and mean snow duration decrease during the middle and end of the 21st century over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the overall reduction are more pronounce with the increase of greenhouse gas emission concentration; the reduction in the late-21st century is more pronounced compare to the mid-21st century except for the low emission scenario; Spatially, the decrease in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is more severe than that in the northwest. The snow onset date is delayed and the snow end date is advanced in the middle and late 21st century, the days of former is 1.5-2.0 times that of the latter; The more greenhouse gas emissions the more days the snow onset (end) date is delayed (advanced); The changes of the snow onset date and the snow end date are more pronounced in the late 21st century. Snowfall (temperature) is positively (negatively) correlated with the annual snow cover days; Generally ,the relative contribution rate of snowfall to the annual snow cover days increases with the increase of greenhouse gas emission concentration; Spatially, snowfall (temperature) contributes more to the annual snow cover days in the southern and northern (east and west) parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Decrease in snowfall from July to December is greater than from January to June, which may be the reason why the days of snow onset date is delayed more than the days of snow end date is advanced. There are great differences in the future snow cover changes over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under different scenarios, so controlling greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to slowing down the future snow cover reduction rate over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.