Exploring the evolution of dietary pattern and their health effects is of great significance for the implementation of food security and Healthy China initiative. Focusing on multiple scales such as "three major regions, nine agricultural regions—provincial units", this paper explored the regional evolution characteristics of the dietary pattern of Chinese residents from 1987 to 2017, and deeply analyzed the health effects of changes in the dietary pattern of residents. The results showed that: 1) The dietary pattern of Chinese residents had gradually changed from "grain and vegetable-based" to "diversified consumption", and the dietary quality had generally improved while the intake of animal-sourced food had increased significantly. 2) Differences in the human-environment relationships drove the evolution of dietary pattern in different regions from a multi-scale perspective: The proportion of animal-source food consumption in the eastern region had risen fastest, the western region had always been the region with the highest proportion of oil and fat consumption, and the central region had the smallest decline in grain consumption; The consumption of animal-sourced food in the nine agricultural regions all showed an upward trend, and the consumption of other types of meals was different; The dietary pattern of residents in each province had not yet formed a significant territorial spatial differentiation pattern. 3) Malignant tumors, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and endocrine nutrition and metabolic diseases were significantly positively correlated with the consumption of animal-derived foods and oils, and were significantly negatively correlated with the food consumption. The research results are expected to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for scientifically formulating strategies to balance the dietary pattern of Chinese urban and rural residents.

Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is dispersed to the atmosphere through the soil and vegetation surfaces, and it has an important impact on water resource consumption in the watershed. It is important to study the evapotranspiration process under the changing vegetation conditions to understand the water balance and water cycle in the watershed. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a planetary-scale cloud platform for remote sensing imageries, it axiomatically has a primal advantage (e.g., premium communicating ecosystem and opening sources) in earth-science research. In this paper, the Loess Plateau was selected as the study area, on the platform of GEE, PML_V2 (2002—2017) and NDVI (1990—2020) datasets were applied, and linear regression, Mann-Kendall nonparametric test were used to quantitatively analyze the change of evapotranspiration components under the influence of vegetation changes on the Loess Plateau at a long-term scale. The results showed that: 1) The vegetation on the Loess Plateau showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.05) from 1990 to 2020, and the overall vegetation change was dominated by the trend of basic unchanged (31.2%) and slightly improved (59.4%), and gradually decreased from southeast to northwest spatially; 2) The vegetation transpiration on the Loess Plateau from 2002 to 2017 showed a significant increasing trend in vegetation transpiration and canopy interception evaporation (P<0.05) and with a non-significant decreasing trend in soil evaporation (P>0.05); 3) The increase in NDVI led to a decrease in soil evaporation (P<0.05) and increased vegetation transpiration and canopy interception evaporation (P<0.05). This study is beneficial to quantitatively clarify the impacts of the vegetated growing process and seasonal variations on the components of evapotranspiration, and provide scientific references for understanding the reciprocal feedback between vegetation changes and watershed eco-hydrological processes.

As a trunk railway in Southwest China, Sichuan-Xizang Railway has improved the transportation infrastructure in the western China, and is of great significance to the integration and coordinated development. This paper takes Sichuan-Xizang Railway as the research object, and calculates the accessibility of cities along the railway based on the network of roads and railways. Combined with the particularity of Sichuan and Xizang, the influence of Sichuan-Xizang Railway on urban accessibility and regional development is analyzed from the national scale, in order to provide reference for the coordinated development of China's trans-regional transportation infrastructure and regional development. The research results show: First, the construction of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway has notably enhanced accessibility for cities along the route. The once scattered circular layout has evolved into a corridor structure running parallel to the railway. Second, in comparison to Sichuan, the Sichuan-Xizang Railway has a more profound impact on the accessibility of cities in Xizang, particularly in the central locations like Linzhi and Changdu. Moreover, this impact extends beyond the railway route, enhancing connections between cities in Xizang and the rest of the country, particularly with the southwestern and southern regions. This suggests that the influence of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway extends throughout the entire Xizang. Third, Sichuan and Xizang are characterized by its concentration of economically disadvantaged counties and a diverse population of ethnic minorities, all while boasting abundant tourism resources. The railway significantly improves accessibility to border regions, impoverished counties, and autonomous counties inhabited by ethnic minorities. This has considerable implications for national security, ethnic unity, and regional integration and development. Finally, when viewed from an organizational network perspective, the introduction of train services along the Sichuan-Xizang Railway has enhanced the structural characteristics of the national high-speed rail network, with particular benefits for the southwest region. As the coverage of direct train services expands, cities in Xizang and Sichuan become more closely interconnected. In summary, the construction of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway is instrumental in facilitating connections between the southwest region, and eastern and central regions, with significant implications for national security, ethnic unity, and the promotion of regional integration and development.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a huge impact on the social and economic system of the whole world. Countries quickly halted work and production and adopted epidemic prevention policies, so world trade was once suspended. In this context, export resilience began to attract attention. Using Chinese Customs database, this paper analyzes the evolution of the geographical pattern of China's export and the changes in China's position in the world trade network during the COVID-19 pandemic, and explores China's regional and industrial export resilience. The main findings are as follows: 1) During the COVID-19 pandemic, China showed strong resilience while its export resistance is relatively weak, and it has industrial and regional heterogeneity. The difference mainly comes from factors such as factor endowment, industrial structure, global supply chain dependence, prevention policies, and trade barriers. 2) China's strong export resilience comes from the import demand of the destination country for epidemic prevention materials, the supply capacity brought by China's rapid control of the epidemic and its strong ability to switch production. 3) The pattern of China's export destination countries has not undergone major changes. It is found that the distribution of export value is positively correlated with the degree of activeness of epidemic prevention and control in the destination country; 4) After the epidemic, China's position in the world trade network has increased significantly, especially in the medical supplies, and the world trade has formed a network with China as a high-throughput central node. Finally, this paper also discusses the differences in regional economic resilience under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and the financial crisis. It is believed that under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, the urban export-oriented economy, the two-way impact of the supply side and the demand side, and policy factors have a more obvious impact on economic resilience.

Space syntax emphasizes the ontological nature of space. People can analyze its internal cultural logic by analyzing people, activities and other space-time events in a specific space quantitatively. One of the key points of space syntax research is the study of people's spatial cognitive style, which uses people's local perception range as a means of spatial segmentation, and uses axis to simulate the structural relationship between the local perception space and the overall space. Under the background of Rural Revitalization Strategy, the characteristic protection and spatial vitality development of traditional villages are important issues in the current research. The research method of combining spatial syntax and image map can excavate the important cognitive space that is difficult to detect in the physical space, so as to provide a new research point for all-round traditional villages protection. Using space syntax to study the spatial form and the spatial cognition of space users is helpful to the protection and inheritance of traditional villages of ethnic minorities. Taking Jiaju Village in Congjiang County of Guizhou Province as the research object, this paper analyzes the spatial form of Jiaju Village. It investigates the spatial cognition of local people and tourists. The results show that: 1) The new core of Jiaju Village occupies a high-value area of integration, and its role of gathering people is increasing, while the old core maintains a central position due to the specific spatial structure and social function; 2) The linear streets and lanes with a high degree of integration, or the spatial elements connected with the axis with a high degree of integration, are more easily recognized by people, and the spatial elements perceived by villagers are more comprehensive; 3) The spatial cognition of villagers is closely related to the global integration degree, while the spatial cognition of tourists is more related to the local integration degree. This paper reveals the characteristics and causes of village spatial form and discusses the influence of spatial structure on the spatial cognition of local people and tourists. Finally, Based on the five elements of urban image proposed: Landmark, node, road, region and boundary, this paper constructs a spatial form and spatial cognitive protection framework of traditional villages of ethnic minorities from three aspects: node space, street space and spatial interface. By referring to the location of the spatial historical core obtained from the spatial syntax analysis results, and comprehensively considering the historical spatial memory and the actual situation, we orderly sort out the important cognitive nodes, use the streets and lanes to connect all the cognitive nodes in the settlement, strengthen the characteristics of the spatial interface, and form an overall cognitive sequence with the close combination of points, lines and planes, so that users can form a complete cognition of the village.

Resilience is the basic attribute of the rural system, which reflects the rural system's response to external disturbances and shocks. High resilience rural has the ability to maintain system stability, minimize losses, and make comprehensive transformation and development. Rural resilience is the frontier direction of rural study. This article uses the CiteSpace to analyze papers on rural resilience domestic and abroad that has published before January 28, 2022. By drawing knowledge map, this paper aims to show the rural resilience study development process, research hotspots, latest directions and trends of future research. The study found that: 1) Foreign rural resilience study has established a complete knowledge system, which extends from basic concepts, theories and empirical studies to climate change, environmental protection, biodiversity and other fields. All these investigated rural resilience under different shocks. 2) The research on rural resilience domestic is still in initial stage, whose topic is few and scattered. The article indicates that future research should make full use of big data and simulation technology to reveal the evolution of rural systems, resilience thresholds and development shortage as well as rural resilience building under multiple stressors for rural revitalization and high quality development.

Resource-based cities (RBCs) are a unique type of cities in China that have significantly contributed to China’s national economy. However, the development of RBCs has encountered challenges, and their transformation and development require urgent attention due to the depletion of resources in RBCs and the need to comply with national ecological environment protection requirements in the 21st century. To explore the hotspots and frontiers of RBCs’ transformation and development, this paper analyzes 602 CSSCI journal papers published between 1999 and 2021. The research distribution was analyzed from 3 aspects: time, journal and author distribution, using software such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Data source, scientific knowledge graph. The paper explores the overall situation from evolution, hotspots and frontier. The conclusions are as follows: 1) The transformation and development of RBCs has gradually entered the Chinese government’s and academia’s vision since the 1980s, but substantive research only began in 2004. 2) From a time distribution perspective, research on the transformation and development of RBCs in China can be roughly divided into 3 periods: slow exploration period (1980s—2003), high-speed growth period (2004—2013) and steady progress period (2014—); In terms of journal distribution, China Population, Resources and Environment, Economic Geography, Journal of Natural Resources, Geographical Research and Scientia Geographica Sinica are notable journals that significantly supported and led studies on RBCs. Regarding authorship, the study found that Yu Jianhui, Qiu Fangdao, Zhang Wenzhong and Jiao Huafu have had great influence and contribution in this field. 3) The study also identified 6 research frontier trends: green transformation and development of RBCs, population shrinkage of RBCs, carbon emissions of RBCs, spatial reconstruction of RBCs, innovation and transformation development of RBCs, comprehensive management of two special difficult areas of coal mining subsidence areas and independent industrial and mining areas. Finally, the study proposed future research directions in four aspects: high-quality development of RBCs, smart development of RBCs, carbon emission reduction of RBCs and spatial development of RBCs.

Industrial heritage is an important resource and cultural carrier of industrial tourism. How to realize the organic integration between industrial heritage and tourism utilization has become an urgent problem for the sustainable development of industrial heritage. In this paper, industrial heritage in northeast China is selected as the research object, and ArcGIS spatial analysis, concentration index and resource dominance are used to analyze its spatial distribution characteristics, and the relationship between industrial heritage resources and tourism utilization is discussed. The following conclusions are drawn: Industrial heritage in northeast China is dominated by heavy industry and less light industry, and the type distribution is significantly different among provinces. The spatial distribution type of industrial heritage in northeast China is clustered, and it shows an obvious unbalanced structure at city scale. The superiority degree of industrial heritage resources in northeast China is quite different, which mainly has the distribution characteristics of polar core area, highly dense area, sub-dense area and sparse area. Based on this, the author puts forward the utilization methods of industrial heritage tourism from the aspects of promoting the overall balanced development of industrial heritage resources, accelerating the transformation of industrial heritage resources into products, and promoting the brand building of industrial heritage resources products, so as to provide reference for the sustainable development and utilization of industrial heritage.The industrial heritage resources in northeast China exhibit spatial distribution differences, low levels of resource to product conversion, and weak brand effects. Based on this, promote the overall balanced development of industrial heritage resources in the region, form an effective connection and interaction of regional industries with “industrial culture+”, and enhance the potential and efficiency of linkage; Accelerate the transformation of industrial heritage resources into products, and in the process of preserving, changing, and restructuring the functions of various industrial heritage resources, adapt to the needs of urban functional development, and promote the cross-border integration of cultural and tourism resources; Promote the branding of industrial heritage resource products, fully explore industrial cultural elements in the branding of various industrial heritage resources, and propose industrial heritage tourism utilization methods in terms of creating themed, diverse, and experiential industrial tourism products, providing reference for the sustainable development and utilization of industrial heritage.

The major drought records with detailed disaster descriptions from Pre-Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty (850 a B.C.—1911 a A.D.) are extracted from historical documents and historical material records. The entropy weight method was used to determine the comprehensive index of major drought, and the spatial autocorrelation, barycentric analysis and standard deviation ellipse were used to study the distribution pattern and change process of major drought in historical period of China. The results show that: 1) From Pre-Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, the frequency of major drought in China was 580 times, with an average of once every 4.76 years, showing an overall upward trend. 2) On the whole, the frequency of major drought in the north is higher than that in the south, and the highest frequency of drought is in some counties of Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong. 3) The Ming Dynasty is the period with the highest cumulative level of major drought, and nearly 56.81% of the areas in China have experienced major drought. The cumulative grade of major drought has significant spatial autocorrelation, and its correlation changes have experienced the process of “increase-decrease-increase-decrease”. The Moran index of the whole period is 0.43, which has significant spatial agglomeration. 4) The number of counties with major drought accounted for 21.42% of the total number of counties with major drought. Its center of gravity is always located in Henan Province, moving in the direction of “southwest-northeast-southwest-southeast-northwest”. 5) The frequency of major drought was significantly negatively correlated with temperature and precipitation. The terrain conditions of high in the west and low in the east of China, temperate continental monsoon climate and unreasonable human activities are related to North China and its surrounding areas becoming the hardest hit areas. In addition, climate change and population distribution have an important impact on the changes in the distribution pattern of major droughts in historical periods.

Land serves as a spatial carrier of various resource elements, while improving efficiency of land use is the key breakthrough to resolve the contradiction between man and land. Based on the panel data of 269 prefecture-level cities (not including the data of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2008 to 2019, this paper first uses the super-efficiency EBM-DEA model and ArcGIS spatial analysis to explore the evolutionary characteristics of green efficiency of urban construction land; secondly, combined with the spatial Durbin model under different weight matrices, this paper reveals the spatial effects of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation on the green efficiency of urban construction land. The results show that: 1) During the study period, the green efficiency of urban construction land in China has strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity, and the gradient distribution pattern of "high in the east and low in the west" is more prominent. 2) The spatial effect of industrial agglomeration on the green efficiency of urban construction land has a significant "U"-shaped relationship; only when industrial agglomeration exceeds a certain threshold can the "Solow Paradox" be effectively broken through, thereby improving the green efficiency of urban construction land in local and neighboring areas. 3) The "innovation compensation" effect of environmental regulations is greater than the "compliance cost", which to a certain extent verifies the applicability of the "Porter hypothesis" in the green efficiency of urban construction land in China; however, the "crowding out effect" of environmental regulations may also make neighboring cities "pollution refuges", thereby reducing the green efficiency of urban construction land. It is expected that this study will provide a reference for rationally guiding the formulation of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation policies, achieving high-quality development of urban construction land.

Land use/cover change (LUCC) in historical period is an important part of global change research. For historical LUCC over a period of more than 100 years, due to the lack of direct data with clear spatial attributes, the main way to explore this problem is to collect various proxy data and combine geographic modeling to reconstruct the spatial pattern of historical LUCC on the basis of in-depth understanding of the past spatio-temporal evolution process of land use/cover. China’s rich historical literature is the key data source for the reconstruction of long-term LUCC data sets. Continuously mining, compiling, and updating historical data sources from the literature is the basis for the continuous advancement of research. This paper analyzes the existing LUCC reconstruction data set in China from the perspective of the application of historical literature data sources. The land use data sources contained in the historical literature are summarized into 4 main types: Statistics, enumeration, description and image. Historical statistics combined with modern impact factors, historical statistics combined with enumerated data, historical data sources based on descriptions, and historical data sources based on images are the main methods for reconstructing LUCC datasets using historical data sources. The recovery and revision of statistical data, the spatialization of enumeration and description data, and the precipitation of image data are the main means for the preparation of historical data sources. The current reconstruction data set is reviewed from the application status of various data sources, data preparation methods and other aspects, and the main characteristics and problems of the reconstruction research application of historical literature are summarized, The future development trend of LUCC reconstruction historical literature application and historical data source preparation is prospected from the aspects of comprehensive utilization of multiple historical data sources, adjustment of reconstruction ideas, and use of modern information technology to improve data preparation efficiency.

Accurately understanding the connotation and meaning of ecological interests in national territory space, explore the mechanism of the allocation of ecological benefits in national space, is the foundation for resolving spatial conflicts and optimizing the pattern of national territory space development and protection. Research has shown that: 1) The naturally formed spatial environment and the profit-seeking human mechanism, the market mechanism that plays a decisive role in resource allocation, and the policy mechanism for correcting market failure jointly affect the mechanism of ecological interest allocation in territory space. 2) The function of ecological benefit allocation in national territory space is to implement the structure of national land spatial planning, ensure the spatial redistribution of ecological benefits, and correct the profit seeking nature of market mechanisms. 3) The standardized spatial structure, rational allocation of public resources, and effective allocation of spatial rights are the predetermined benchmarks for ecological benefit allocation. At present, the spontaneous allocation of ecological interests in national territory space is characterized by prominent competition in spatial use, numerous misallocations of spatial resources, unequal spatial rights, and hidden concerns about the imbalance of secondary allocation boundaries. It is necessary to define the bottom line boundary of the ecological carrying capacity of the “three lines and one order” and the upper limit boundary of constraining government power for the allocation of ecological interests in national territory space, optimize the collaborative mechanism of ecological interests allocation in national territory space, reasonably allocate ecological interests at different spatial scales, and achieve the universal sharing of ecological interests.

Destination image constitutes a vital component of a region's overall competitive strength. Building on the model of narrative comprehension and engagement and persuasion theory, this study examines the impact of internal and external realism in intangible cultural heritage bearers' media narratives on destination image, as well as the mediating role of media character identification. External realism refers to the extent to which the story aligns with the real world (regardless of whether the story is fictional). Internal realism refers to the coherence within the story itself in terms of logic, character motivations, and the continuity of events. Media character identification includes three dimensions: the audience's emotional resonance with the media character, perspective-taking, and motivation internalisation. In addition, destination brand awareness is introduced as a moderating variable in the research model. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to validate the net effects of antecedent variables on destination image. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is employed to explore the configurational pathways leading to positive destination image evaluations. The results show that: 1) Internal realism has a significantly positive direct effect on destination image, whereas the direct effect of external realism on destination image is not significant; 2) Both internal and external realism positively influence destination image through the mediating effect of motivation internalisation, while the mediating effects of perspective-taking and emotional resonance are not significant; 3) Destination brand awareness moderates the relationship between internal realism and destination image; 4) Destination image is the outcome of multiple interacting factors, with four types of condition configurations having high explanatory power for the formation of a favourable destination image evaluation. This study proposes a “Narrative-Character-Destination Image” framework, offering implications for destination image construction.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) proposed by China is committed to a sustainable development path. Since its inception, urban vegetation cover along the BRI route has undergone significant changes. However, the quantitative impacts and spatial heterogeneity of the BRI on these vegetation changes remain unclear. We use a difference-in-difference estimation based on propensity score matching, utilizing global urban panel data from 2002 to 2020, to quantitatively estimate the net effect of the BRI on the spatial patterns of green space in cities along its routes and the heterogeneity of its impacts. Additionally, a mediation effect model is used to analyze the underlying impact mechanisms. The results indicate that the BRI has significantly increased the total area of green space in cities along the route, with an average increase of 47.68 km² per city. Additionally, the aggregation of green patches increased, and their shapes became more complex. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive impact of the BRI on green space is more pronounced in economically underdeveloped and arid-region cities, with arid cities experiencing an average increase of 74.53 km²—1.6 times that of non-arid cities. The driving mechanisms suggest that the BRI fosters green space expansion through enhanced economic growth, while rapid urbanization leads to reduced patch aggregation, and large-scale infrastructure development contributes to increased morphological fragmentation of green space. Overall, this study demonstrates that the BRI has a positive impact on urban greening along its routes, providing robust empirical evidence and insightful policy recommendations to support China’s promotion of a green Belt and Road Initiative.

Establishing and facilitating high-quality talent flows is a crucial way to China’s international talent cultivation and intellectual-attraction country construction. Drawing on international student mobility data among 39 countries including OECD countries and China in 2019, this research constructed a weighted and directed international talent mobility network, and employed social network analysis to explore its spatial patterns and influencing mechanisms. 1) International student exchanges were quite tight among the 39 countries, forming 4 visible regional communities, i.e., the North American and Asia-Pacific community, the South America and European community, the Nordic and Baltic community, and the Czechoslovakian community. China and the United States were centers of international talent exchange. Moreover, China, the United Kingdom, Germany, the United States and France were also the gateways and hubs of international talent flows. 2) The patterns of international student outflows and inflows of 39 countries were asymmetric. The outflows of Chinese students accounted for nearly half of the total, while the outflows of OECD countries were relatively balanced. The United States, the United Kingdom and Australia ranked the top 3 in international student attraction, followed by China with 7.17% international student inflows. 3) The impact of openness degree, education quality, economic level on international student mobility all suggested sender and receiver effects. The proximity in geography, language and culture, and commodity trade could promote the bi-directional talent flows. The structure dependence effect was an important driver to the evolution of international student mobility network, with the reciprocity, preferential attachment and transitive closure effects being most pronounced, which could somewhat substitute the effects of exogenous force. There is still much room for the improvement of the talent mobility among China and OECD countries. It can be optimized from the perspectives of the country’s endowments, multi-dimensional proximity, and network structures, to promote a more flat and diversified patterns of talent mobility among these countries.

Since 2012, urban residential spatial differentiation has received increasing attention from the government, society and academia. Sorting out its research context and development trend has important theoretical significance and practical value for subsequent theoretical research, planning and construction. With the help of bibliometrics and CiteSpace visualization, this paper analyzes domestic and foreign research literature on urban residential spatial differentiation. The results show that: 1) The relevant research in foreign countries started earlier, and different schools of theory and practice research systems have been formed since the early 20th century; Domestic research started late but developed rapidly, and has entered a mature stage based on learning from foreign theories. 2) The distribution of international authors is relatively scattered, but most of them have more cross-field and cross-institutional cooperation is more; However, the distribution of domestic authors is scattered and cross-field and cross-institutional cooperation is less, and universities are the backbone of their research. 3) International research focuses on residential segregation, racial segregation, and spatial segregation, and quantitative model analysis, influencing factors and dynamic mechanisms are the research frontier and trend; In China, it mainly focuses on spatial differentiation, residential differentiation, residential spatial, and other aspects, and influencing factors and policy mechanisms are the frontier and trend of its research. Finally, the paper looks forward from the aspects of building a theoretical system with Chinese characteristics based on the national conditions, using the internet and big data to carry out innovative research, using multidimensional indicators to accurately detect residential spatial differentiation and early warning, focusing on small and medium-sized cities to enrich the study case, considering the scale effect combined with the differentiation mechanism to propose regulation strategies for urban residential spatial differentiation suitable for China's national conditions.

Based on the connotation of urban-rural integrated development, 78 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin were taken as the case study areas, the evaluation index system of urban-rural integrated development in the Yellow River Basin was scientifically constructed from 5 dimensions, and multiple measurement methods were used to comprehensively study the spatio-temporal differentiation and driving mechanism of urban-rural integrated development in the Yellow River Basin in 2011—2021. The results are obtained as follows: 1) The level of urban-rural integration in the Yellow River Basin is generally on an upward trend, with low-level areas decreasing and high-level areas continuing to increase. The level of urban-rural integration in the downstream areas is generally higher than that in the middle and upstream areas, and generally shows a pattern of increasing from west to east; 2) Spatial clustering characteristics are significant, the overall existence of a more obvious spatial dependence, high value areas are mainly concentrated in the eastern and northern areas of the Yellow River Basin; 3) The integrated development of urban and rural areas is the result of multi-scale and multi-factor interactive and integrated development driven by the interaction of many factors, and the driving factors have obvious spatial and temporal differences, showing spatial heterogeneity in spatial bands or pieces of the distribution pattern.

With the increase of uncertainty in the development environment at home and abroad, coastal cities are more exposed to various risk disturbances than other regions, and the evolution process of economic resilience is more complicated, however, there is a lack of coupling analysis from multiple scales such as regions, industries, and enterprises. Therefore, scientifically revealing the evolution characteristics and influence mechanism of economic resilience of coastal cities is an important support for promoting the scientific development of coastal cities and consolidating the leading position in the opening up of eastern coastal areas. By constructing the economic resilience analysis framework of coastal cities, taking Lianyungang as a case, the paper analyzes the economic resilience characteristics and influence mechanism of coastal cities with the economic resilience measurement model and the Esteban-Marquillas extended model from 1996 to 2020. The results show that: 1) The macro-economic resilience of coastal cities showed a periodic change of weakening-strengthening-weakening, and the secondary industry dominated the development of Lianyungang's economic resilience. 2) The resilience of traditional path industry in coastal cities was weaker than that of emerging path industry, and the strength of industrial mix effect, competitive advantage effect and allocation effect had a has a dynamic and staged feature. The evolution of the economic resilience of coastal cities was determined by the development of emerging industries. Emerging industries were not necessarily high-tech industries, but adapted to local conditions. 3) The resilience of enterprises in coastal cities tended to weaken, and the resilience of enterprises in emerging industries was stronger than that in traditional industries. The new enterprises of new path industries and chemical industry of the traditional path showed path dependence on specific spatial locations such as ports and high-tech zones, which indicated port location had a positive impact on enterprise survival. Therefore, guiding the agglomeration of industries in ports and development zones (high-tech zones) was the key path to improving the economic resilience of coastal cities.

In today’s digital age, the widespread adoption and rapid development of the Internet have profoundly influenced residents’ lifestyles and consumption behaviors.The prosperity and development of online consumption, information consumption and other consumption modes promoted by the Internet have made residents’ consumption more personalized, diversified and quality. It further affects residents’ consumption concepts and preferences. It also changes household consumption expenditure and consumption structure.The Internet has shattered geographical and temporal constraints, enabling global circulation of goods, reducing shopping costs. Consumers, utilizing the Internet, can filter high-quality and cost-effective products, further fueling shopping desires and boosting consumption. Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of Internet penetration and residents’ household consumption level. It examines whether Internet usage influences residents’ household consumption level and structure, fostering an upgrade in household consumption. The results show that: 1) The number of Chinese residents using the Internet,the frequency of using the Internet for commercial activities and the total household consumption expenditure of Chinese households show a significant growth trend in time series. The eastern region has the highest proportion of enjoyment-oriented consumption. The central region has the highest proportion of development-oriented consumption. Northeast China has the highest proportion of subsistence consumption. The number of Internet users and total household consumption show the characteristics of spatial agglomeration, and also show the trend of spatial expansion and southwest movement. 2) While promoting total household consumption, Internet usage also promotes the transformation of household consumption structure from survival-oriented to development-oriented and enjoyment-oriented. In addition, there are also significant differences in the impact of Internet usage on different regions. There are more prominent positive effects in household consumption upgrading in urban areas and western and northeastern regions.

Snow cover changes in the middle (2035—2064) and end (2070—2099) of 21st century are investigated over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on the Historical data and ScenarioMIP data of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Compare with the reference period (1985—2014), the mean annual snow cover days and mean snow duration decrease during the middle and end of the 21st century over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the overall reduction are more pronounce with the increase of greenhouse gas emission concentration; the reduction in the late-21st century is more pronounced compare to the mid-21st century except for the low emission scenario; Spatially, the decrease in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is more severe than that in the northwest. The snow onset date is delayed and the snow end date is advanced in the middle and late 21st century, the days of former is 1.5-2.0 times that of the latter; The more greenhouse gas emissions the more days the snow onset (end) date is delayed (advanced); The changes of the snow onset date and the snow end date are more pronounced in the late 21st century. Snowfall (temperature) is positively (negatively) correlated with the annual snow cover days; Generally ,the relative contribution rate of snowfall to the annual snow cover days increases with the increase of greenhouse gas emission concentration; Spatially, snowfall (temperature) contributes more to the annual snow cover days in the southern and northern (east and west) parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Decrease in snowfall from July to December is greater than from January to June, which may be the reason why the days of snow onset date is delayed more than the days of snow end date is advanced. There are great differences in the future snow cover changes over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under different scenarios, so controlling greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to slowing down the future snow cover reduction rate over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Rural tourism is one of the effective ways to promote rural revitalization, which affects many aspects of rural residents' daily life and is related to their well-being. This study attempts to reveal the influencing factors and paths of residents' well-being in rural tourism destinations. Based on the man-land relationship, this study constructs an analytical framework for the well-being of the residents in rural tourism destinations. The spillover theory is used to explain the effect of influencing factors on residents' well-being, and both the external environment and residents' emotional conditions are being focused on. With the combined use of PLS-SEM and fsQCA, this study analyzes the conditions combination of the residents' high well-being based on testing the net effect of influencing factors and explores the types of paths that lead to the residents' high well-being in rural tourism development. In general, this study is expected to provide methodological support for the research on the happiness of rural tourism residents, and deepen the understanding of the role of tourism in improving the material and spiritual life of rural residents. The research findings claim that: 1) Emotional solidarity, environmental benefit perception, social and cultural benefit perception, and self-development have a significant positive impact on the residents' well-being in rural tourism destinations. However, the simple antecedent variables do not constitute a necessary condition for predicting the residents' high well-being that depends on the conditions combined with other elements. 2) Seven condition combinations have high explanatory power for the residents' high well-being. The dependence between self-development and economic benefit perception is the most obvious. Economic benefit perception shows two-way performance in the condition combination, and community participation is not outstanding in the condition combination. 3) According to the characteristics of the combination of the conditions, four types of paths leading to residents' high well-being can be summarized, in which the relationship elements represented by emotional solidarity and perception of social benefits play a key role in improving residents' well-being in rural tourism destinations. This study further confirms the complexity of the factors affecting the residents' well-being in rural tourism destinations and provides suggestions for the differential policies for formulating rural tourism development and improving residents' well-being in rural tourism destinations.

The coordinated development of regional agricultural water and land resources is of great significance to ensure agricultural production. However, the study on coupling evaluation of agricultural water and land resources is still insufficient. This article applies the ecological footprint method to quantitatively assess the carrying capacity of local land and water resources, taking the Youyi Farm of Sanjiang Plain, a scientific and technological demonstration area of the Black Earth Granary, as an example. The results showed that: 1) The ecological footprint of per capita agricultural water resources was 5.26 hm², and the ecological carrying capacity of per capita was 1.97 hm². The ecological footprint of per capita water resources was far more than the ecological carrying capacity. The ecological deficit of water resources was 2.82. The utilization of water resources was in an unsafe state. Per capita ecological footprint of cultivated land resources was less than the ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus of cultivated land resources, the average ecological pressure index was 0.69. The use of cultivated land resources was in a safe state. 2) The coupling coordination degree of the ecological footprint of agricultural land and water resources and the ecological carrying capacity of land and water resources of Youyi Farm is generally in the state of barely coordinated and primary coordination. 3) In summary, although Youyi Farm was rich in land resources, water resources were scarce, indicating a significant room for improvement in the level of water and land matching in the region. Analyzing whether the carrying capacity of agricultural water and land resources is within a reasonable and controllable range is of great significance for coordinating the relationship between agricultural water and land resources and realizing the sustainable development of agricultural water and land resources.

Overseas energy investments serve as a critical safeguard for China’s energy security. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics and spillover effects of China’s global energy layout provides valuable insights for optimizing investment strategies and refining planning policies. This study utilizes the China Global Energy Investment Tracker, a fixed panel regression model, the geopolitical risk index, and GIS spatial analysis to examine the structural evolution and multifaceted impacts of China’s global energy investments. The key findings are as follows: 1) China’s global energy layout follows a “rise-then-decline” temporal pattern characterized by significant fluctuations. Renewable energy has emerged as the primary growth driver, while project failure rates have steadily decreased. 2) The energy layout remains predominantly led by state-owned enterprises (SOEs), although the role of private enterprises has grown substantially. The regional specialization of enterprises has weakened, showing a trend toward more balanced overseas site selection. 3) The role of developed countries in China’s global energy layout has significantly diminished, while the proportion of projects located in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries has increased markedly. Renewable energy projects are actively expanding into international markets, facing relatively lower geopolitical risks, whereas traditional energy projects remain stable but are increasingly exposed to heightened geopolitical challenges. 4) China’s global energy layout exhibits implicit carbon transfer effects. Investments in traditional energy contribute to oil and gas import effects, while renewable energy projects play a pivotal role in advancing energy transition efforts. These findings offer critical perspectives for enhancing China’s overseas energy strategies in response to global energy transitions and the growing complexity of geopolitical risks.

Key rural tourism villages have become an important carrier for achieving the revitalization of rural industries. By analyzing the path dependence relationship between rural tourism and rural industry revitalization in Hebei Province, this study reveals the influencing factors and mechanisms of rural tourism on rural industry revitalization. Using the configuration analysis method, 49 national level key rural tourism villages in Hebei Province were selected as cases to analyze the relationship between various factors affecting rural revitalization and development, and to attempt to construct a multiple locking mechanism framework that integrates multiple factors. The main conclusions were as follows. Firstly, resource endowment, market demand, tourism facilities, industrial development, and rural environment are the antecedent variables of rural tourism promoting rural industrial revitalization, and the combined effects of these variables affect rural industrial revitalization. Secondly, the combination and magnitude of variables vary, resulting in multiple configuration types. Different configuration types can be summarized into 2 paths, namely the path of high-quality revitalization of rural industries and the path of low-level development of rural industries. Thirdly, the case area has formed four types of configurations due to differences in its own development and dominant factors, namely environmental prominent type, industry driven type, market locked type, and facility locked type. On this basis, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the causes and limiting factors of these four configurations, and targeted development paths were proposed in order to provide theoretical guidance for building livable, business friendly, and beautiful rural areas, and achieving rural revitalization.