In recent years, the continuous decline of the total population at the regional scale has become increasingly obvious. Considering that most regions have still been experiencing the rapid urbanization processes, it is necessary to analyze the differences of urban and rural population changes and its underlying driving forces in the population shrinking areas. Based on the population census data in 2000 and 2010, this article has analyzed the difference characteristics of urban-rural population change in the population shrinking counties by identifying several urban-rural differentiation types, and then we have established a theoretical framework to investigate the underlying drivers. The main findings are as follows: 1) 38.6% of the research samples have experienced population shrinkage in the period from 2000 to 2010, but most of them have been characterized by “urban population increasing and rural population declining” (or “urban growth and rural decline” for short), and these units account for 89.5% of all the shrinking samples, and the proportion of urban-rural population both shrinking type (or “urban and rural both decline” for short) has a relatively low percentage. 2) In the central region, the type of “urban growth and rural decline A”, which means a high urban growth rate, occupies the main part, and Northeast China has a high percentage of the type of “urban and rural both decline”, and there are obvious spatial differentiations in the eastern and western China. 3) The factors of urbanization level and economic development level have the most significant impacts on the differentiation of urban-rural population change among the population shrinking areas: the population shrinking areas with higher urbanization level and lower economic development level will be more likely to experience slow urban population growth and even urban population decline. 4) The growth rate of economic development, the level of natural population growth, and the quality of public services also have certain impacts on the differentiation of urban-rural population change among the population shrinking areas. Based on these findings, we argue that the perspective of urban-rural differentiation can deepen understanding of population shrinkage in China, and it can also contribute to the relevant theories of population shrinkage in a developing context.

The history of human activities on the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for understanding human adaptation to the extreme environment of cold and hypoxia. This paper systematically reviews the archaeological discoveries and studies in recent years, and provides an overview of five development stages of prehistoric human colonization of the Tibetan Plateau from the known of the earliest occupation until permanent settlement. 1) The Denisovan mandible and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) found in Baishiya Karst Cave (BKC), 3 280 m above sea level ( a.s.l.), on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, indicate that the ArchaicHomo sapiens, such as Xiahe Denisovan, may have adapted to the plateau at least 190 thousand years ago (ka) during the late Middle Pleistocene and long-term existed in and around the BKC until the last Glacial period; 2) The Initial Upper Paleolithic assemblages, from excavations at Nwya Devu site (4 600 m a.s.l.), reveal that modern humans began to explore the interior region of the Tibetan Plateau as early as 40-30 ka; 3) The relatively rich microlithic sites on the plateau from last deglaciation to early-mid Holocene, show the frequent activities of microlithic hunt-gatherers during this period, especially during 0.9-0.6 ka, perhaps the results of climate warming; 4) According to the evidence of plant remains from the Neolithic sites, millet farmers have entered low-elevation regions (< 2 500 m a.s.l.) on eastern Tibetan Plateau at least 5.2 ka, and permanently settled in regions at elevation above 3 000 m a.s.l. on eastern Tibetan Plateau since 4.8 ka; 5) After 3.5 ka, the introduction and development of wheat and pastoral economy facilitated permanent human occupation in the high-altitude regions (> 3000 m a.s.l.) of the Tibetan Plateau, which is a consequence of cultural exchange in prehistoric Eurasia. These reflect the long-term physiological and cultural adaptation of prehistoric humans in the process of spreading and settling on the plateau. However, our understanding of prehistoric human activities on the plateau is still limited by the number of archaeological sites and excavated materials. Therefore, we suggest that future work should be focused on seeking more prehistoric sites, conducting the systematic study, and solving the following issues: the spatial and temporal distribution of prehistoric hunter-gatherers, farmers and herders on the plateau, their biological and behavioural adaptation to high-altitude environment and connection with prehistoric low-altitude population and modern Tibetans, and the formation and universality of alpine civilization. We expect that new discoveries and multidisciplinary endeavours will promote the understanding of these issues in the future.

With the rapid development of global urbanization, the further increased global warming and extreme high temperature events, urban heat island effect has also become an important environmental problem affecting human survival and development in the 21st century. Therefore, it is a hot and frontier cross-scientific issue in the study of human geography and climatology to clarify the spatio-temporal variations of urban heat island intensity and reveal the driving mechanism at multi-spatial scales. Urban geometry is regarded as a key factor affecting urban-rural and intra-urban air temperature variations, and the urban form manipulation provides an opportunity to mitigate the adverse effects on urban climate. Therefore, it is critical to understand the relationship between urban form and the UHI effect to guide future planning practice. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the multi-scale affecting and coupling mechanism of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity from three different spatial scale perspectives including street canyons microscale, urban block local scale, and urban macroscale. Based on the understanding of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution characteristics of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity, we will characterize the specific effects of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity and construct the spatial relationship analysis model to reveal the affecting mechanism of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity at different temporal and spatial scales. Our knowledge and insights will provide theoretical guidance for urban planning, livable city construction and climate change response and adaptation study.

Carbon emission control is the main problem and measure of ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Carbon emission at county level research can provide more accurate theoretical support for collaborative governance and sustainable development of the Yellow River Basin. Spatial panel model, spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial Markov chain with regional background and nearest neighbor as spatial lags were used to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and spatial effect of carbon emissions in counties of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2017, the results showed that: 1) the carbon emission in the Yellow River basin has increased dramatically since 2000; the high carbon emissions areas, Shandong province and the boundary between Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, expands to the outer circle layer and the axial direction, forming the spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the west; 2) there is a phenomenon of “club convergence”; the high carbon emission counties converge in Shandong province and the boundary between Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia; the low carbon emission counties converge in the southwest; the comparison between 2000 and 2017 shows that county carbon emission type has strong stability; counties which tranfered from higher carbon emission type to lower carbon emission type are concentrated in the southeast region, while counties that change in the opposite direction are concentrated in Inner Mongolia. 3) high carbon spillover effect and low carbon locking effect are important forces to shape the spatiotemporal pattern and the former is stronger; the regional background enhances “club convergence” and the convergence of surrounded outliers and its acting force was stronger than the nearest neighbor; the probability of carbon emission type transition in insignificant regions increased; 4) the spatial panel model shows that increase of carbon emissions and its spatial effect are promoted by young population structure, large economy, industrial structure dominated by the secondary industry, high living standard and high public expenditure; economy and industrial structure are important driving factors.

Snowfall in China has significant uncertainty and spatial differences, and its response to climate change is complex. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to analyze the characteristics of snowfall along the north-south transition zone of the Qinling Mountains. Based on the daily meteorological data of 72 stations, we analyzed the type of snowfall (rain, snow, and sleet) along the northern and southern boundaries of the Qinling Mountains in the cold season (occurred from November to the following May) during 1970/1971-2018/2019. The study focuses on the spatiotemporal variation of snowfall, and the response relationship between snowfall, air temperature and wet bulb temperature was analyzed. According to the continuous change characteristics of the sea surface temperature anomaly in summer, autumn and winter Niño 3.4, we further identified the 4 types ofdifferent development El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events to reveal that the relationships between different developing ENSO events and snowfall anomalies. The results showed that 1) Snowfall in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains showed a fluctuating deceasing trend in winter. Compared with the average snowfall in 1970-2000, there was a trend that in the south slope of the Qinling Mountains (warm temperate zone) decreased by 3.1 mm in recent 29 years, which was basically equal to the snowfall in the Guanzhong Plain (17.1 mm). 2) Considering the isoline of 1000 m as the dividing boundary, the snowfall in the low-altitude valley (<1000 m) did not show an obvious changing trend, while the snowfall in the high-altitude mountain area (>1000 m) showed a significant decrease. 3) As for the response relationship between snowfall and temperature, the air temperature or wet bulb temperature increased by 1.0℃ from November to March of the second year, and the snowfall in alpine area of the Qinling Mountains decreased by 23.1 mm and 24.3 mm respectively. However, the air temperature or wet bulb temperature increases by 1.0℃ from north to south, the snowfall decrease by 3.0 mm and 2.8 mm in zonality, respectively. 4) The analysis showed that from the perspective of disaster-forming factors, the types of ENSO events affecting the snow anomaly to the north and south of the Qinling Mountains are mainly successive El Niño events. When the successive El Niño/La Niña events occurred, anomalously more snowfall in Guanzhong Plain. When the developing La Niña events occurred, anomalously less snowfall in the Qinling and Dabashan Moutains. When the developing El Niño events occurred, the below normal snowfall in eastern of region and Guanzhong Plain.

The last decades have witnessed a steady increase in studying urban vitality. However, the information that could depict 3D space has not been included in studies. This research attempts to incorporate street view imagery data to elaborate the spatiotemporal variability of vibrancy in Futian District, Shenzhen. As for the street-level physical environment, attributes are extracted from street view images by deep machine-learning algorithms SegNet. 2D built environment indicators of streets were extracts from the Open Street Map and POI points. A multivariate econometric are framed to examine the association between urban environment and the vitality at the street level of commercial streets and residential streets. The results showed that: 1) The peak hours of activity on commercial streets are 18:00 to 20:00, and the peak hours of activity on living streets are 11:00 to 13:00. 2) Futian District Street Vitality Shows Polycentric Structure, whose distribution had shown obvious spatial differences with time. 3) Variations in the temporal and degree effects of different built environment indicators on street vitality. Increasing the mix of facilities contributes to the morning and nighttime vibrancy of commercial streets, as well as the afternoon vibrancy of living streets. More compact streets have a positive impact on commercial streets’ vitality, and safer pedestrian environments have a positive impact on both living and commercial streets’ vitality. Improving the building continuity will promote the vitality of commercial streets. Higher interface richness increases the vitality of living streets in afternoon and evening. An increase in the richness of the interface will promote the daytime vitality of the residential street.

In recent years, with the continuous deepening of the integration of tourism and education, study travel in China has developed with a high speed, and has been widely concerned by researches. Study travel bases (STBs) are important space carrier to the development of study travel activities. However, few scholars focused on the spatial distribution of STBs and its influencing factors from the perspective of geography. Thus, 581 national STBs for primary and middle school students published by the Ministry of Education of China in 2017-2018 were selected as the research sample. With the adoption of ArcGIS software, this paper aimed to analyze the type structure, spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 581 national STBs by using average nearest neighbor index, the kernel density estimation, geographic concentration index, disequilibrium index, spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographical linkage coefficient. Results indicated that: 1) National STBs of China can be roughly divided into ten types, followed as popular science education base, cultural sites, scientific research institutions, museum, national defense and military, ancient villages and towns, nationality arts, red tourism, comprehensive practice base, youth activity center. The main categories are popular science education, museum, and red tourism, accounting for 30.63%, 20.83% and 12.91%, respectively. The spatial distribution of types of STBs in China is unbalanced as different types of STBs have obvious differentiation in space structure characteristics. 2) The spatial distribution of STBs shows the agglomeration and disequilibrium characteristics of ‘more in the east and less in the west’. North China and East China have a large number of STBs, accounting for 21.86% and 25.13%. In terms of the number of each province, Beijing with 75 STBs is far ahead of other provinces. 3) The spatial distribution density of STBs is uneven, including one high density core area, one secondary high density core area and several high agglomeration areas. It shows obviously a core-edge structure and the distribution density decreases gradually from the eastern coastal area to the western inland area. The distribution density around provincial capitals, 5A scenic spots and traffic arteries is relatively higher. 4) There is a significant autocorrelation in the overall space of STBs in China. The cold and hot spots analysis of STBs show the gradient differentiation pattern of ‘hot spots-sub-hot spots-sub-cold spots-cold spots’ and ‘hot-spots-sub-hot spots-cold spots’ from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to the north and south. 5) Policy and institutional environment, economic development foundation, location and transportation conditions, tourism resource endowment and education development level are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of research and study travel bases. Finally, according to the results of the study, some suggestions are put forward for the development of the STBs. This study can provide a basis for the optimization of space layout and the integration and utilization of research resources of research travel bases in China, and has certain reference value for the formulation of research travel policies at the national level and in different regions.

Exploring vegetation cover changes in alpine regions and their influencing factors has become one of the focal issues for scholars at home and abroad. Based on MODIS-NDVI data and meteorological data, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation NDVI in the Southwest Tibetan Plateau (SWTP) from 2000 to 2020 and the effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation NDVI by using trend analysis, correlation analysis and residual analysis. The results showed that NDVI in the SWTP has been increasing in the past 20 years. There are obvious differences in the growth rates of vegetation NDVI in different time periods mainly as follows: autumn > growing season > summer > whole year > spring > winter; although there are differences in the distribution pattern of vegetation NDVI in different time periods, the vegetation cover in the eastern part of the plateau is significantly higher than that in the western part. The vegetation status is basically stable in most areas of the plateau, with significant local improvement and degradation in some areas. On the interannual scale, the increase of temperature and precipitation led to the increase of vegetation NDVI, and on the seasonal scale, the increase of temperature in spring, autumn and winter led to the increase of vegetation NDVI, and the increase of precipitation leads to the decrease of vegetation NDVI, and the increase of temperature in summer and growing season led to the decrease of vegetation NDVI, and the increase of precipitation leads to the increase of vegetation NDVI. Human activities have a positive impact on most areas of the plateau, and a negative impact in some areas, concentrated in counties with semi-agricultural and semi-pastoralism and purely pastoralism.

Extreme high temperature is extremely destructive and influential, and characterizing its change over time and space can provide help to guide future efforts to mitigate impacts of climate change. Based on the daily scale observation data of 2419 meteorological stations in China, the trend analysis, the time-lapse analysis and Mann Kendall mutation test were used to study the change characteristics of extreme high temperature with time in China in the past 40 years. The trend change and distribution pattern (direction feature) of the extreme high temperature distribution pattern in the corresponding years were explored by using Moran index and standard deviation ellipse respectively. The results show that: 1) The number of summer days, hot night days, warm night days and warm days in China showed a significant upward trend. The four indexes were less in the 1980s and 1990s, and gradually increased after 2000 and commonly changed significantly circa 2000;2) The spatial autocorrelation of the four extreme temperature indices was mainly high-high and low-low. The summer days and hot night days had strong aggregation, while the spatial aggregation of warm night days and warm days first increased and then decreased in past 40 years, and the spatial distribution pattern of warm night days and warm days changed from high-high surrounding low-low to low-low surrounding high-high; 3) The most obvious points of directional distribution of change trend of Summer days, warm days and hot night days are in the north. The stations of summer days and warm days showed the southeast-northwest distribution pattern, while the stations of hot night days showed the East-West distribution pattern. The stations with the largest change trend of summer days are East-West distribution pattern, while the stations with the largest change trend of hot night days, warm night days and warm days are north-south distribution pattern. The most significant changes of the four extreme temperature indices are in southern China. The change rates of summer days and warm days in the border areas of Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Chongqing in past 40 years are higher than those in other regions of China. The directional distribution of change trend of warm night days in Zhejiang and Fujian is the most obvious, and the change trend is higher than that in other areas of China. Our results provide meaningful information for a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal variations in temperature extremes across the mainland China.

It is of great practical significance for protecting cultivated land and guaranteeing national food security to thoroughly explore the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and driving factors of cultivated land. Based on the land use data of Heilongjiang Province in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015, this article determined the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics and main driving factors of cultivated land change in Heilongjiang Province in the four periods from 1980 to 2015 by using GIS and geographical detector model. The results show that from 1980 to 2015, the cultivated land quantity in Heilongjiang Province increased, and the increased cultivated land mainly came from forest land, grassland and unused land. The variation of cultivated land quantity in each period was obviously different, with the largest variation from 1990 to 2000. The spatial difference of cultivated land change in each period was obvious. From 1980 to 2015, the dynamic degree of cultivated land use in Heilongjiang Province showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the regions with active dynamic degree of cultivated land use were concentrated in the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain. The explanatory ability of drivers factors are different in each period. Population size, policy factors, GDP and urbanization level are the driving factors with strong explanatory ability. The influence of driving factors on the spatiotemporal change of cultivated land is realized through the interaction of various factors, which is manifested as double factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement.

As an important way of new urbanization construction, tourist town is a social and economic space integrating tourism industry and urbanization construction. The construction of a reasonable spatial layout of tourist towns is of great practical significance to promote the development of tourism industry and the construction of new urbanization in Fujian Province. This study divides the tourist towns in Fujian Province into four types: Ecological habitat type, tourism reception type, resource leading type and characteristic industry type. The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of 155 tourist towns in Fujian Province were studied by using the spatial statistical analysis methods. The results show that: 1) The overall spatial distribution of tourist towns in Fujian tends to be uniform, and the quantity distribution of each city is relatively balanced. 2) The core density of tourist towns in Fujian province shows the distribution characteristics of “high in the east and low in the west”. The number of ecological residential tourist towns is the largest, and the overall distribution density is the largest; the core density of tourist reception towns and resource-based tourist towns is close, followed by; the overall distribution density of characteristic industrial tourist towns is the smallest. 3) The cold spots of Fujian tourist towns are Putian, Quanzhou and Xiamen; the sub cold spots are Nanping, Fuzhou and Zhangzhou; the sub hot spots are Sanming and Ningde; and the hot spots are Longyan. The development of tourist towns in Fujian Province is mainly in cold spot area and sub cold spot area. The spatial difference between cold spot area and hot spot area is obvious, with a significant “block” distribution characteristics. 4) Economic base, urbanization level, population density and tourist market are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of tourist towns in Fujian Province, and the impact on each type of tourist towns is significant. In the future, the influence of geographical conditions, culture and other factors can be discussed more systematically, and the time evolution law of the spatial distribution of tourism towns in Fujian Province, the influence degree of various influencing factors and the interaction between influencing factors can be deeply explored.

The Qingyijiang River which rises on the Huangshan Mountain, flows northward through the northern piedmont of the Huangshan Mountain and eventually discharges into the Yangtze River at Wuhu City, Anhui Province, the eastern China. As the longest right-bank tributary of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Qingyijiang River is a typical representative of the small and medium rivers in the Eastern monsoon area of China, providing a typical case for studying the developmental history of the small and middle rivers. Based on the results of previous studies and the analyses of external environmental factors, the development causes of the Qingyijiang River and its relationship with the channelization of the Yangtze River were emphatically analyzed and discussed. The research results showed that: 1) The Kunlun-Huanghe Movement might affect the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and result in the activations of regional faults and larger regional block uplift movements on the northern piedmont of the Huangshan Mountain. This regional uplift further provided the downcutting driving force and thus drove the development of the Qingyijiang River. Therefore, the regional tectonic responses to the Kunlun-Huanghe Movement might drive the development of the Qingyijiang River; 2) The East Asian summer monsoon experienced two significant stepwise weakening events at approximately 1.3 Ma and approximately 0.9 Ma which led to the remarkable increase of regional precipitation within the study area. This increase of regional rainfall further provided the incision media and sustained water, and finally initiated the development of the Qingyijiang River. Therefore, the stepwise weakening events of the East Asian summer monsoon might control the development age of the Qingyijiang River; 3) Both the development of the Qingyijiang River and the channelization of the Yangtze River might be a combined result of the regional tectonic responses to the Kunlun-Huanghe movement and the stepwise weakening events of the East Asian summer monsoon intensity. In addition, a new local base level of erosion served by the Yangtze River after its channelization might also promote the development of the Qingyijiang River. Therefore, the development age of the Qingyijiang River which could reflect the channelization age of the Yangtze River to a certain degree supported the viewpoint that the Yangtze River had been established during the period from the late Early Pleistocene to the early Middle Pleistocene. This study provides a case and reference for the studies of the small and medium river development in the Eastern monsoon area of China.

In this article, the average nearest neighbor and kernel density method are used to analyze the spatial layout of beautiful leisure villages. Besides, the entropy weighting method, geographic detector, and neighborhood analysis are employed to explore its influencing factors. The results show that: 1) On the national scale, the beautiful leisure villages are unevenly distributed in space, and the overall distribution is concentrated, forming the spatial characteristics of ‘two poles and multi-core’. 2) On the provincial scale, the density of beautiful leisure villages in the eastern coastal provinces is relatively high while the density in the high-latitude and high-altitude provinces of the western part is relatively low. With the exception of Qinghai and Tibet, the distribution of beautiful and leisure villages in various provinces presents small differences; the degree of agglomeration is low and tends to be evenly distributed. The beautiful leisure villages in Beijing and Tianjin have the best development in space. 3) Beautiful leisure villages are significantly influenced by human factors, such as rural basic conditions, tourism investment level, tourism market scale and national cultural resources. Its natural distribution tends to be in the warm and humid climate areas with the altitude lower than 200 m, near third-level rivers, excellent environmental quality, and close to cities or scenic spots with annual accumulated temperature higher than 3 400℃ or precipitation higher than 400 mm.

This article analyzes the development mechanism of dry port logistics hub from multiple dimensions, measures the comprehensive development strength of China’s dry port logistics hubs by using the panel data from 2001 to 2018, reveals the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of the hubs by using the methods of spatial analysis and Gini coefficient, and explores the main driving factors for the development of China's dry port logistics hubs. The results show that: 1) The development of hubs in the southeast is generally more mature and stable than that in the western, and shows the differentiation characteristics on the side of the Hu Huanyong Line; 2) The spatial differences in the development of dry port logistics hubs are more obvious, and the degree of difference is increasing; 3) Infrastructure and logistics operations have a greater contribution to the hub's Gini coefficient, but the impact of information technology has improved more significantly; 4) Population size, financial development and external environmental factors promote the development of hubs. Economic strength, education level and government investment have different impacts on hubs at different levels. The article is expected to provide scientific basis for the country to construct logistics system and optimize the logistics network giving full play to the supporting role of the logistics hub in the regional economy.

Intangible cultural heritage is the product of cultural-ecological environment, and analyzing its spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors will help to further improve the management and protection of intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, taking Jiangsu Province as an example, the nearest neighbor index method and nuclear density estimation method are used to visualize the temporal and spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage at the provincial level and above, and the buffer analysis method and geodetector model are used to analyze the influencing factors of the distribution of intangible cultural heritage. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) There are differences in the distribution of Jiangsu intangible cultural heritage in time and space dimensions. The intangible cultural heritage in different historical stages has obvious differences in quantity and type due to the economic, cultural and political influence of the time. At the same time, the intangible cultural heritage center of Jiangsu has shown a ‘circular southward’ development trajectory in the time dimension. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the overall distribution is in a cluster shape, forming six high-density core areas, two sub-high-density core areas and six low-density core areas. 2) The temporal and spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage in Jiangsu is affected by natural, social and economic factors. First of all, natural factors have a significant impact on the distribution of intangible cultural heritage by river systems. Secondly, the policy-oriented factors among social factors have the greatest impact on the distribution of intangible cultural heritage. The influence of historical and cultural factors on intangible cultural heritage is mainly manifested in the number, type and artistic characteristics of intangible cultural heritage. Finally, economy has a direct relationship with the generation and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and the economic level directly affects the degree of attention to intangible cultural heritage. The countermeasures can be proposed as follows: 1) Construct the Grand Canal Cultural Belt (Jiangsu Section) to promote the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage. In the process of promoting the construction of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt (Jiangsu Section), the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage along the Grand Canal should be placed under the overall planning and overall coordination of the cultural belt. 2) Attention should be paid to the overall protection of the intangible cultural heritage ‘cultural ecosystem’. The protection of intangible cultural heritage should rely on the original cultural ecosystem to establish different cultural protection areas, and carry out effective inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage, so as to ensure the subsequent survival of intangible cultural heritage and maintain the local cultural characteristics. 3) Take a correct view of the reasonable interaction between intangible cultural heritage and the economy. On the premise of ensuring that the core of intangible cultural heritage remains unchanged, giving full play to the economic role of intangible cultural heritage and promoting the integration of intangible cultural industry and tourism will not only benefit the development of local folk economy, but the resulting economic benefits can still feed back protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.

Beautiful village construction is an important measure of agricultural and rural modernization, beautiful China construction and comprehensive rural revitalization. It is of great significance to study the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of its spatial pattern for rational planning and layout of beautiful countryside. Thus, taking 140, 560 and 1216 beautiful village in 2014, 2017 and 2020 as the research object, GIS spatial analysis method is used to study the evolution characteristics of the spatial pattern of beautiful village, and geographic detectors and multi-scale geographic weighted regression are used to explore the influencing factors of the spatial pattern of beautiful village and their spatial differentiation. The results show that: 1) The spatial agglomeration of beautiful village is enhanced, and the main agglomeration areas show a trend of ‘zone-network-plane’ distribution, and the hot spots spread inward from coastal areas. 2) The spatial differentiation of beautiful village is the result of the joint action of multiple factors, but the explanatory degree of each influencing factor is significantly different, among which national intangible cultural heritage, 5A scenic spot and population density have the greatest explanatory power to the spatial distribution of beautiful village. 3) The main influencing factors have obvious spatial differences on the spatial distribution of beautiful village, and the local imbalance is significant. The positive correlation and negative correlation analysis units are blocky and banded.

With the transformation of urban economy to metropolitan economy, urban space is accelerating to expand to suburbs, and the fringe areas have developed rapidly. The development of suburbs presents a new stage characteristic—post-suburbanization. This article puts Shanghai’s suburbs in the post-suburbanization landscape, and uses the post-suburbanization theory to examine the spatial growth of Shanghai's suburbs. Results found: 1) Post-suburbanization is an important stage in the process of suburbanization, which is a new spatial settlement form after the centrifugal and decentralized development of multiple elements. Compared with traditional suburbanization, post-suburbanization space is obviously different in spatial distribution, spatial utilization, spatial relationship, spatial governance mode, etc. 2) The suburbs of Shanghai have entered a new era of post-suburbanization, with more complex and diversified functional spaces in the outer suburbs, more independent suburban spaces, and present urban-like forms. 3) The development of post-suburbanization space has gone through three stages: industrial satellite towns serving industrial production after the founding of the People's Republic of China; development zones for reforming experimental fields after the opening up; and new towns created by comprehensive functional spaces after 2000. Different spatial carriers reshape the elements of suburban landscape and promote the formation of new spatial settlement form. 4) The development-oriented post-suburbanization construction is a new round of large-scale suburban development and construction of local governments to maintain their own growth accumulation strategy, and its formation is the result of the growth alliance under the leadership of the local government.Government's entrepreneurial behaviors; space repair of capital; The participation of residents in space production has obviously promoted the formation of post-suburbanization in China.

With the warming climate and enhancing human activities, the frequency and intensity of dry-wet abrupt alternation (DWAA) events have been increasing, largely affected on natural environment and social-economy development. Using observed daily precipitation from 1960 to 2018, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of DWAA events in Southwest China by calculating Dry-Wet Abrupt Alternation Index (DWAAI) based on eco-geographical regions. The DWAA events in Southwest China exhibited an increasing trend before 2010 and decreased after 2011. The dry-to-wet events mainly concentrated in spring and summer (April to August). Meanwhile, the wet-to-dry events were primarily found in spring, summer and autumn (May to November). At seasonal scale, DWAA events mainly occurred in summer, distributed in the area of Yunnan Plateau evergreen broadleaved forest and pine forest region (VA5), Xishuangbanna mountains seasonal rainforest and rainforest region (VIIA3), and Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi low mountain and plain evergreen broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation region (VIA2). In the area of Hunan and Guizhou mountains evergreen broadleaved forest region (VA3), and Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation region (VA4), the DWAA events were examined in spring. Spatially, majority of DWAA events existed in the northeast of Southwest China, and the less were found in the southwest. Although frequency of DWAA events declined since 2000, the intensity of DWAA was obviously enhanced, especially in Xishuangbanna mountains seasonal rainforest and rainforest region (VIIA3), and Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi low mountain and plain evergreen broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation region (VIA2).

In order to explore the morphology and sedimentary characteristics of the nebkhas developed around the rivers and lakes in the subtropical humid areas, the Houtian sandy land in Nanchang was used as the research area to conduct field investigations on the nebkhas formed by the dominant species Vitex trifolia, sampling and analysis of sediments to study the morphology and sedimentary characteristics of nebkhas and their relationship with vegetation characteristics. The results show that: The Vitex trifolia nebkhas in the Houtian sandy land are mostly shield-shaped, with large horizontal scale, low height, and gentle slope. The sediments of the nebkhas are mainly medium sand, with poor sorting, a coarse skewness and narrow kurtosis distribution, sediments all originate from nearby flat sandy land and inter-dune land, which are near-source deposits. The average particle size is a tendency of finer first and then coarser from the bottom of the windward slope to the leeward slope, reflecting the wind-breaking and sand-fixing function and the re-sorting of sand particles of the nebkhas. All morphological parameters of shrubs and nebkhas have high correlations (except for the height of the shrubs) (P<0.01), indicating that the morphological parameters develop in a coordinated manner during the development of nebkhas. Due to the influence of vegetation types and regional environment, different from the ellipsoid or cone-shaped nebkhas formed by upright shrubs with few branches in arid-semi-arid areas, theVitex trifolia with creeping and low height often forms low and wide range nebkhas. The subtropical humid areas are not rich in wind resources and the sand sources in Houtian sandy land are insufficient, so the sediments are all from nearby flat sandy land and inter-dune land, but the deposition law of different slope positions is similar to the arid-semi-arid areas.

City health examination is an important policy tool to promote the improvement of spatial governance system and governance capacity. It will help to implement national development strategy, improve the level of comprehensive urban governance, and effectively respond to the needs of people’s better life. This article summarizes the experience of Beijing, holds that city health examination provides a new way of response to the improvement of spatial governance from 3 dimensions: pattern, method and technology. Pattern dimension, focusing on the establishment of regulations, has formed a closed-loop work system, a working mode contains self-evaluation, third-party-evaluation and public participation, an normalized data acquisition system, which strengthens the seriousness and authority of health examination evaluation. Methodology dimension, the research system focuses on index, task and different important issues, which is connected with the overall planning implementation mechanism process. Technology dimension, with the actively use of a multi-dimensional, multi-level, all-factor, multi-agent, speculative and verifiable diagnostic ideas, Beijing’s work constantly deepens the key technologies of city health examination. In order to optimize spatial governance, we should continuously improve the city health examination practice, including continuously strengthening its ability in institutionalization, simplification, standardization and automation. First, we should continuously improve multidimensional data acquisition and monitoring. On the basis of continuing the collection of 117 core indicators in the master plan, the evaluation should meet the requirements of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development for city health examination, and integrate the relevant index system into the platform. Second, we should further focus on key issues and annual key variables in urban development. “Annual health examination and five-year evaluation” has established the periodicity of work, focusing on different work priorities and forming an organic combination. Third, we should improve the intelligent analysis platform of city health examination. Focusing on the needs of supporting the whole cycle of city health examination in Beijing, an analysis platform with multi-dimensional monitoring, automatic operation and decision-making needs has been established. In the next step, we should continue to improve the construction and application of the platform, and promote more accurate response of the platform and decision-making needs.

This study uses mobile phone data and point of interest data to discover the relationship between the scope of elderly’s life circle and various public service facilities configuration by looking at Beijing as a case. The results of analysis show that, firstly, the elderly’s life circle has a feature of spatial stratification, which including the neighborhood life circle, residential life circle, urban life circle. Secondly, there is a scale effect on the relationship between the radius of life circle and accessibility of public service facilities, and the intensity of the matching relationship between the spatial radius of residential life circles and the accessibility of public service facilities is significantly higher than that of neighborhood life circles. Thirdly, there are differences among different facilities. The accessibility level of rigid demand facilities such as shopping, leisure and entertainment, and medical service facilities for the elderly is negatively correlated with the radius of the life circle, while the accessibility of recreational and entertainment facilities such as catering, cultural and educational facilities is vice versa. Fourthly, there are also significant differences among different geographical locations. The impact of facility accessibility on the radius of life circle is much weaker in the downtown area than in other areas, but the influence is stronger in the suburbs. The findings and conclusions would provide new evidence for the practice of national spatial planning and elderly-livable urban construction.

This article adopts the research methods of on-the-spot investigation, information collection, surveying and mapping data, document sorting, etc., taking the main palace restored in the imperial city of Hue in Vietnam Nguyen Dynasty as an example. From the perspectives of cultural geography and design to extract and identify the spatial pattern, decorative themes, color configuration, it reveals its internal relationship and influence mechanism with Chinese Lingnan inlaid porcelain decoration. The results show that the inlaid porcelain in the imperial city of Hue is integrated into the local culture in the architectural decoration of Lingnan, and the reason why the Vietnamese official inlaid porcelain style is formed is the collaborative efforts of similar natural geographical environment, the interregional radiation of Chinese architectural ceramics and the favor of the ruling class of the Nguyen Dynasty, the cultural representation of the inlaid porcelain decoration is a combination of ingeniousness, beauty and complexity, showing the imperial power space characteristics of the patriarchal rites and the will of the country, and has become a model of the architectural landscape of the royal palaces in Southeast Asia. This article provides a reference for promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road" Initiative and activating the cultural heritage of exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations.

The Yellow River Basin plays a very important strategic role in China’s economic and social development and ecological security. Based on the air pollution data of industrial SO₂ and PM_2.5 in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2017, this article firstly describes the spatial evolution pattern of industrial SO₂ and PM_2.5 and then uses the spatial panel Durbin model (SPDM) to compare and analyze the influencing factors of the two types of atmospheric pollutants from the direct and indirect effects. The results are as follows: 1) Both industrial SO₂ and PM_2.5 pollution have significant spatial agglomeration which shows a gradient decline trend from southeast to northwest direction. There is a significant positive spatial correlation between industrial SO₂ and PM_2.5 from the prefecture-level city scale while the spatial correlation of PM_2.5 is stronger the that of industrial SO₂. 2) The pollution of industrial SO₂ and PM_2.5 had been alleviated from 2008 to 2017. The average emission intensity of industrial SO₂ decreased rapidly while the average PM_2.5 decreased relatively slowly. PM_2.5 is still the main air pollution source in the Yellow River Basin. 3) The optimization of the industrial structure (OIS), energy efficiency (EE), technological innovation (Inno), population (POP), economic development (pcGDP), and industrial scale (Ind) are the main factors affecting air pollution in the Yellow River Basin. However, the influencing factors of PM_2.5 are more complex and diverse. The improvement of technological innovation and economic development will increase the emission intensity of local SO₂ pollution while it can alleviate the pollution of industrial SO₂ and PM_2.5 in neighboring cities. The expansion of industrial scale aggravates air pollution both locally and in neighboring cities during the study period (2008-2017). Therefore, this article proposes policy recommendations from 3 aspects: improving the city’s innovation capability, accelerating the upgrading of the industrial structure and strengthening joint prevention and control.