Exploring vegetation cover changes in alpine regions and their influencing factors has become one of the focal issues for scholars at home and abroad. Based on MODIS-NDVI data and meteorological data, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation NDVI in the Southwest Tibetan Plateau (SWTP) from 2000 to 2020 and the effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation NDVI by using trend analysis, correlation analysis and residual analysis. The results showed that NDVI in the SWTP has been increasing in the past 20 years. There are obvious differences in the growth rates of vegetation NDVI in different time periods mainly as follows: autumn > growing season > summer > whole year > spring > winter; although there are differences in the distribution pattern of vegetation NDVI in different time periods, the vegetation cover in the eastern part of the plateau is significantly higher than that in the western part. The vegetation status is basically stable in most areas of the plateau, with significant local improvement and degradation in some areas. On the interannual scale, the increase of temperature and precipitation led to the increase of vegetation NDVI, and on the seasonal scale, the increase of temperature in spring, autumn and winter led to the increase of vegetation NDVI, and the increase of precipitation leads to the decrease of vegetation NDVI, and the increase of temperature in summer and growing season led to the decrease of vegetation NDVI, and the increase of precipitation leads to the increase of vegetation NDVI. Human activities have a positive impact on most areas of the plateau, and a negative impact in some areas, concentrated in counties with semi-agricultural and semi-pastoralism and purely pastoralism.

This article analyzes the development mechanism of dry port logistics hub from multiple dimensions, measures the comprehensive development strength of China’s dry port logistics hubs by using the panel data from 2001 to 2018, reveals the spatial pattern and evolution characteristics of the hubs by using the methods of spatial analysis and Gini coefficient, and explores the main driving factors for the development of China's dry port logistics hubs. The results show that: 1) The development of hubs in the southeast is generally more mature and stable than that in the western, and shows the differentiation characteristics on the side of the Hu Huanyong Line; 2) The spatial differences in the development of dry port logistics hubs are more obvious, and the degree of difference is increasing; 3) Infrastructure and logistics operations have a greater contribution to the hub's Gini coefficient, but the impact of information technology has improved more significantly; 4) Population size, financial development and external environmental factors promote the development of hubs. Economic strength, education level and government investment have different impacts on hubs at different levels. The article is expected to provide scientific basis for the country to construct logistics system and optimize the logistics network giving full play to the supporting role of the logistics hub in the regional economy.

Beautiful village construction is an important measure of agricultural and rural modernization, beautiful China construction and comprehensive rural revitalization. It is of great significance to study the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of its spatial pattern for rational planning and layout of beautiful countryside. Thus, taking 140, 560 and 1216 beautiful village in 2014, 2017 and 2020 as the research object, GIS spatial analysis method is used to study the evolution characteristics of the spatial pattern of beautiful village, and geographic detectors and multi-scale geographic weighted regression are used to explore the influencing factors of the spatial pattern of beautiful village and their spatial differentiation. The results show that: 1) The spatial agglomeration of beautiful village is enhanced, and the main agglomeration areas show a trend of ‘zone-network-plane’ distribution, and the hot spots spread inward from coastal areas. 2) The spatial differentiation of beautiful village is the result of the joint action of multiple factors, but the explanatory degree of each influencing factor is significantly different, among which national intangible cultural heritage, 5A scenic spot and population density have the greatest explanatory power to the spatial distribution of beautiful village. 3) The main influencing factors have obvious spatial differences on the spatial distribution of beautiful village, and the local imbalance is significant. The positive correlation and negative correlation analysis units are blocky and banded.

With the transformation of urban economy to metropolitan economy, urban space is accelerating to expand to suburbs, and the fringe areas have developed rapidly. The development of suburbs presents a new stage characteristic—post-suburbanization. This article puts Shanghai’s suburbs in the post-suburbanization landscape, and uses the post-suburbanization theory to examine the spatial growth of Shanghai's suburbs. Results found: 1) Post-suburbanization is an important stage in the process of suburbanization, which is a new spatial settlement form after the centrifugal and decentralized development of multiple elements. Compared with traditional suburbanization, post-suburbanization space is obviously different in spatial distribution, spatial utilization, spatial relationship, spatial governance mode, etc. 2) The suburbs of Shanghai have entered a new era of post-suburbanization, with more complex and diversified functional spaces in the outer suburbs, more independent suburban spaces, and present urban-like forms. 3) The development of post-suburbanization space has gone through three stages: industrial satellite towns serving industrial production after the founding of the People's Republic of China; development zones for reforming experimental fields after the opening up; and new towns created by comprehensive functional spaces after 2000. Different spatial carriers reshape the elements of suburban landscape and promote the formation of new spatial settlement form. 4) The development-oriented post-suburbanization construction is a new round of large-scale suburban development and construction of local governments to maintain their own growth accumulation strategy, and its formation is the result of the growth alliance under the leadership of the local government.Government's entrepreneurial behaviors; space repair of capital; The participation of residents in space production has obviously promoted the formation of post-suburbanization in China.

This article adopts the research methods of on-the-spot investigation, information collection, surveying and mapping data, document sorting, etc., taking the main palace restored in the imperial city of Hue in Vietnam Nguyen Dynasty as an example. From the perspectives of cultural geography and design to extract and identify the spatial pattern, decorative themes, color configuration, it reveals its internal relationship and influence mechanism with Chinese Lingnan inlaid porcelain decoration. The results show that the inlaid porcelain in the imperial city of Hue is integrated into the local culture in the architectural decoration of Lingnan, and the reason why the Vietnamese official inlaid porcelain style is formed is the collaborative efforts of similar natural geographical environment, the interregional radiation of Chinese architectural ceramics and the favor of the ruling class of the Nguyen Dynasty, the cultural representation of the inlaid porcelain decoration is a combination of ingeniousness, beauty and complexity, showing the imperial power space characteristics of the patriarchal rites and the will of the country, and has become a model of the architectural landscape of the royal palaces in Southeast Asia. This article provides a reference for promoting the construction of the "Belt and Road" Initiative and activating the cultural heritage of exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations.

This study uses mobile phone data and point of interest data to discover the relationship between the scope of elderly’s life circle and various public service facilities configuration by looking at Beijing as a case. The results of analysis show that, firstly, the elderly’s life circle has a feature of spatial stratification, which including the neighborhood life circle, residential life circle, urban life circle. Secondly, there is a scale effect on the relationship between the radius of life circle and accessibility of public service facilities, and the intensity of the matching relationship between the spatial radius of residential life circles and the accessibility of public service facilities is significantly higher than that of neighborhood life circles. Thirdly, there are differences among different facilities. The accessibility level of rigid demand facilities such as shopping, leisure and entertainment, and medical service facilities for the elderly is negatively correlated with the radius of the life circle, while the accessibility of recreational and entertainment facilities such as catering, cultural and educational facilities is vice versa. Fourthly, there are also significant differences among different geographical locations. The impact of facility accessibility on the radius of life circle is much weaker in the downtown area than in other areas, but the influence is stronger in the suburbs. The findings and conclusions would provide new evidence for the practice of national spatial planning and elderly-livable urban construction.

Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform, this article explores a method to rapidly batch process remote sensing data and obtain glacier area changes based on the Purog Kangri Icefield on the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example. A pixel-by-pixel synthesis algorithm is used to acquire cloud-free images of the study area, which improves the utilization of image data. By calculating the NDSI of the study area and performing the minimum value synthesis, the glacier extent of the Purog Kangri from 1988 to 2020 was extracted to study the changes of the glacier area of the Purog Kangri in the past 33 years. The results show that the GEE platform combined with image-level image synthesis and the minimum NDSI algorithm can be used to rapidly acquire annual synthetic images and extract glacier boundaries. The glacier area change characteristics were obtained from 1988 to 2020 by synthesizing 512 remote sensing images from 1988 to 2020, and the glacier area decreased by 31.08 km² in past 33 years, with an average annual retreat rate of 0.23%/a. The glacier area retreat mainly occurred at the end of the glacier, and some of the ends retreated 1506 m in 20 years. In comparison with the results of other related studies, the absolute error between the results of this paper and the reference value is within 5.6 km² and the relative deviation is within 1.4%, which proves that the minimum NDSI synthesis method based on the GEE platform is feasible and reliable to extract the glacier area. Compared with field observation of glaciers or traditional remote sensing monitoring methods, this method improves image utilization and data processing efficiency, and can quickly realize long time series analysis of glacier area change, which provides a new way for modern glacier change research.

Tourism development is an important path to guide the transformation of rural functions and realize rural revitalization. Taking Xixinan Village, a traditional village in Huangshan City, as an example, the study applied in-depth interviews with government employees, exterior tourism companies, exterior homestay investors, local residents, and tourists to explore the process and evolution mechanism of rural functions from a micro perspective. It was found that the rural function evolution of Xixinan Village has gone through three stages: 1) The budding stage of tourism (2003-2008). The theme development project of ‘Jinpingmei Cultural Park’ was implemented in Xixinan Village, but the benefits and impact of tourism development were not obvious. There was no substantial evolution of rural functions. 2) In the tourism exploration stage (2009-2014), exterior investors purchased and repaired the ancient houses in Xixinan Village. Then they were opened to the tourists. It gave full play to the diversified functions of living, production and consumption of ancient dwellings, and showed the cultural and aesthetic values of Hui-style architecture. Furthermore, the tourism development strategy of Xiesheng Tourism Development Company in Xixinan Ancient Village has failed. 3) In the tourism development stage (2015-), the team of Professor Yu Kongjian from Peking University fully undertook the tourism development and management of the ancient village of Xixinan Village. The rural business has been continuously enriched. Xixinan Village has gradually realized the simplification of agricultural production functions and living functions to cultural protection and inheritance, ecological conservation, leisure and tourism, research and education, and other multi-functional shifts. In general, Xixinan Village has a clear development plan, a rich rural tourism industry, and an increasingly prominent rural multi-functional value system. The functional evolution of Xixinan Village is the certain result of the co-existence of multi-stakeholders such as local government, exterior tourism companies, exterior homestay investors, local residents and tourists. Government policy guidance is the basic guarantee to promote internal and external factor flow and rural multifunctional transformation. Exterior tourism companies are the leading force in promoting the development and operation of Xixinan Village tourism and carrying out various forms of cultural and creative activities. Exterior homestay investors are the key forerunners in constructing rural homestay space, constructing ecological space and leading the practice of local culture civilization. Local residents are vital practitioners who use their own resources to fill market segments and realize home-employment coordination. The cooperation and symbiosis among various stakeholders promote the development and evolution of the rural functions of Xixinan Village. From the perspective of rural function evolution, this study reveals the logic behind the return of villagers, capital and citizens to the countryside to build villages in Xixinan Village, and provides a realistic template and case reference for the transformation and development of Huizhou traditional villages.

Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2000 to 2019, this paper searches the number of patent applications related to artificial intelligence with keywords. Using standard deviation ellipse, exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial Dubin decomposition model, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of urban artificial intelligence in China. The results show that: 1) The development of artificial intelligence can be divided into initial stage, growth stage and high-speed development stage. There is an obvious hierarchical effect in space. The advantages of eastern coastal cities are obvious, and the rise of central and western cities are accelerated. 2) Artificial intelligence has a strong spatial positive correlation, and cities in some areas form an agglomeration development trend. The spatial distribution produces polarization along the “northeast-southwest” and diffusion along the “northwest-southeast” direction. The distribution center is located in Anhui Province, with a trend of continuous migration to the southeast. 3) The improvement of marketization level, population density, human capital, foreign investment level and financial development level are conducive to the development of artificial intelligence, and there is a positive spatial spillover effect. The relationship between government intervention and the development of artificial intelligence shows an inverted U-shaped curve, with spatial spillover effect. Industrial upgrading and infrastructure construction are conducive to the development of artificial intelligence, but the spatial spillover effect are not obvious. The research conclusion can provide empirical enlightenment for China’s cities to accelerate the implementation of artificial intelligence strategy.

Based on the national dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2017, using the binary logistic regression model and SUEST inspection, this paper makes an empirical study and further analysis of the influencing factors on the Hukou transfer intention of the rural-urban and urban-urban floating population and draws the following conclusions: 1) In general, the Hukou transfer intention of urban-urban floating population is significantly higher than that of the rural-urban floating population. The household register value and social assimilation have significant impacts on the Hukou transfer intention of the two types of floating population, but the degree of influence is different between the two. 2) In comparison, the household register value of the outflow place significantly hinders the Hukou transfer intention of rural-urban migrants, and has a weak influence on the Hukou transfer intention of urban-urban migrants. The household register value of the destination and social assimilation have a more significant impact on the Hukou transfer intention of urban-urban floating population. 3) The impact of household registration value and social assimilation on the floating population’s Hukou transfer intention is different in cities and the distance of migration. 4) The root cause of these differences are the differences in values and behavior patterns shaped by different household registration identities.

Clay dune is a special aeolian landform, study on its formation mechanism, development and evolution process are of great significance for enriching the knowledge of diversity of aeolian landscape and strengthening the understanding of aeolian geomorphic process. In this article, grain size and soluble salts of the clay dunes surface sand, crust and lacustrine sediments were determined to discuss its material sources, formation mechanism. The results show that: 1) The grain size composition of the surface sand of the clay dunes in the Suhongtu Basin is dominated by silt, and the clay component is relatively high, the grain-size frequency curve shows obvious bimodal distribution characteristics, and the mean grain-size is about 6.01 Φ, which is significantly different from those typical desert dune sand; 2) The surface sand of clay dunes and lacustrine sediments have roughly similar particle size distribution, reflecting that the lacustrine sediments are the main material source of clay dunes in the Suhongtu Basin; 3) Clay dunes are transported and accumulated as sand-sized aggregates of clay minerals by wind, which are formed by the efflorescence of salts or by the mechanical disintegration of sun-cracked crust and mud curls; 4) The differences in grain size composition, sand source and climatic conditions are the main reasons for the significant differences in morphology, mobility and sedimentary structure of clay dunes in different areas; 5) Raked red clay dunes can form by a moving barchan dune in east-west direction for bedforms growing in the bed instability mode combined with an extension arm in the southwesterly direction for dunes growing in the fingering mode.

Since the 21st Century, the rapid development of the Chinese economy has sped up the transformation and reconfiguration of the urban-rural spatial structure and industrial structure. Land urbanization raises several issues caused by urban expansion, such as inefficient land use, uncontrollable construction areas, abandoned rural settlements, etc. Meanwhile, it further leads to cultivated land changing to non-agriculturalization, non-food, and marginalization due to urban agglomeration along with urbanization such as the population, capital, and industry. Cultivated land, as one of the most variable land use types, is an essential support for rural development. It is conducive to realizing the utilization of cultivated land, developing sustainable land management, and promoting sustainable region development to explore the spatial-temporal evolution and its influencing factors of cultivated land functions. Taking the 24 counties in the Dongting Lake area of Hunan Province as an example, the study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution, spatial divergence, and influencing factors of cultivated land functions from economic production, social security, and ecological maintenance by using the entropy and geodetector method. Results show that 1) the economic production function of cultivated land showed a general upward trend from 1998 to 2018 and distributed in the central and southwestern Dongting Lake area with better agricultural development. The social security function has improved significantly, showing a decline in three regions (Linli, Jinshi, and Dingcheng). The spatial pattern of ecological maintenance functions is changing slightly, with the high in the central and low on both sides. 2) Natural geographical conditions are conducive to cultivated land function at an early stage, weakening over time gradually. Socio-economic factors on the spatial differentiation of cultivated land functions increase with the development of the social economy. The ability increases as it improves to impact the spatial differentiation of cultivated land functions. The interaction among multiple factors can significantly enhance cultivated land's spatial differentiation and promote diversified development.

Urban agglomeration characterized by compact regional cooperation and frequent human mobility has been an obvious direction of urban and socio-economic development in China. However, in the formation of urban agglomeration, rapid impervious expansion and tremendous anthropogenic heat sources making urban areas hotter, which generates the urban heat island (UHI) effect and associated extreme heat events, threatening public health and sustainable development. Although studies have documented the impact of UHI on the urban environment by using a single urban agglomeration as the research object, there is still a lack of knowledge of the driving mechanism of the spatiotemporal pattern of UHI on the national scale. In this study, we observed the urban expansion and the spatiotemporal pattern of UHI in 19 urban agglomerations of China from 2000 to 2015 by using long-term impervious data and MODIS surface temperature data. Furthermore, by using Redundancy analysis (RDA) and linear regression model with the datasets that represent the nature and socio-economic driving factors, we quantified the driving mechanism of spatiotemporal pattern of UHI for all urban agglomerations. Results show that the impervious surface expanded rapidly with its proportion increased from 2.08% to 5.33% during 2000-2015 in China’s urban agglomerations, concentrating in coastal urban agglomerations such as the Pearl River Delta. The proportion of heat island (PHI) was high and the intensity of heat island (SUHII_agg) was higher in summer nighttime than in daytime. The eastern and numerous of northern urban agglomerations such as Harbin-Changchun had strong cooling capacity in summer, however the SUHII_agg increased in nighttime to varying degrees. Besides, the PHI and the SUHII_agg in winter nighttime was higher than that in daytime. And the SUHII_agg in the north, northwest and east urban agglomerations increased in winter nighttime. We found vegetation was significantly reducing the nighttime PHI, while the precipitation was negatively affecting the SUHII_agg in summer nighttime (22%) and latitude was positively affecting the SUHII_agg in winter nighttime (56%). Meanwhile, the nighttime lights was negatively affecting the SUHII_agg(24%) and positively affecting the PHI (27%) while the population negatively affecting the SUHII_agg in summer nighttime (31%).These show that natural environmental factors dominantly contribute to the SUHII_agg, while the human disturbance factors dominantly contribute to the PHI. These show that the interaction between radiation changes and human activities has an important impact on the nighttime UHI effect in China. Since the urban expansion and immigration keep ongoing, the UHI effect is predicted to be more intense and of longer duration in China. Thus, the pathway to balance the development of urban agglomeration and the mitigation of the urban heat environment is a major challenge for government policymaking in China. This study expands the knowledge of the spatiotemporal UHI change at the national scale, which provides a scientific basis for urban planning, alleviating urban heat challenges, and achieving sustainable development.

River terraces can act as a geomorphic record of tectonic uplift and have been used to characterize regional geomorphologic evolution. The terrain of the Guizhou Plateau has gradually developed a pattern of higher and lower elevation in the west and east, respectively since the Cenozoic. River terraces have shown positive and sensitive responses to this process. The Qingshuijiang River in eastern Guizhou is a tributary of the Yuanjiang River. A two-strath terrace has generally formed on both banks of the Qingshuijiang River, characterized by well-preserved fluvial facies. This study comprehensively analyzed the formation ages of the terrace morphology of four sections along the river. The results showed that the formation age of the T2 terrace in the Mazhai and Wengdong sections in the upstream area is 51-57 ka B.P., whereas that of the T1 terrace is 25 ka B.P. The formation age of the T2 terrace of the Sanjiang and Shidong sections in the downstream area is 122-102 ka B.P., whereas that of the T1 terrace is 78 ka B.P. The bedrock height of the T2 terrace of each profile was selected to calculate the river incision rate. The results showed similar river incision rates between the two profiles in the upstream area (Mazhai and Wengdong) of 0.41-0.34 m/ka respectively, significantly higher than that of the two profiles in the downstream area (Sanjiang and Shidong). This result indicated a higher incision rate upstream, with the incision rate gradually decreasing downstream. The upper reaches of the Qingshuijiang River have experienced differential uplift under the influence of tectonism since the Late Pleistocene. This process was characterized by a large tectonic uplift in the west and a rapid incision rate, whereas the opposite pattern occurred in the east.

Wind erosion climatic erosivity is an index constructed after comprehensive parameterization of wind speed, precipitation, and so on. It is usually used to characterize the potential wind erosion level under the comprehensive influence of a series of climatic conditions. Many studies have been carried out in the calculation of wind erosion climatic erosivity, temporal and spatial changes and driving factors of wind erosion climatic erosivity around the world. However, previous studies in China mainly focused on arid and semi-arid areas inland, and rarely involved coastal areas, which probably also has high wind erosion climatic erosivity. Therefore, the main coastal areas of China were selected as the research area. Based on the observation data of 64 meteorological stations in the main coastal areas in China from 1960 to 2019, we calculated the average level of wind erosion climatic erosivity by the model proposed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and we analyzed its variation by Mann-Kendall test model, Morlet wavelet and so on. In order to reveal the influencing factors of change accurately, we selected four indicators for analysis, including the Multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), the number of days with average wind speed>8 m/s (QSD), Rainfall erosivity (Re), and Drought Index called Surface Wetness Index (SWI). The following results are obtained: 1) Wind erosion climatic erosivity of coastal areas in China were in range of 0.34-197.32, and the average value was 38.78, which was similar to the average value of inland arid and semi-arid areas in China. The seasonal characteristic of wind erosion climatic erosivity of coastal areas was that winter (14.13) >autumn (11.74) >spring (9.99) >summer (2.57). 2) The mean annual and seasonal wind erosion climatic erosivity of coastal areas in China both had decreased significantly without mutation point during research time, and the first major cycle was 12 years in inter-annual changes, and it was 5 years in spring or winter, 26 years in summer or autumn. 3) The number of days with average wind speed >8 m/s (QSD) was the main positive driving factor of wind erosion climatic erosivity in China's main coastal areas; The Multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may indirectly drive changes in wind erosion climatic erosivity by affecting precipitation; rainfall and drought mainly had negative impacts on changes in wind erosion climatic erosivity in winter when wind speed dropped.

Modern gully agriculture is a new regional type of agriculture developed in the process of man-land coupling in the loess hilly and gully legion. Its sustainable development has great practical significance for the high-quality development of regional agriculture, optimization of "production-living-ecological" space and rural revitalization. Based on the cognition of human-earth system science, the connotation, sustainable development direction, typical development patterns and guarantee system of modern gully agriculture were discussed, and relevant research prospects were proposed. This paper also provides a theoretical reference for systematically understanding the patterns of gully agriculture and promoting its sustainable development in loess hilly and gully region. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Gully agriculture is an important functional type of rural regional system, which has the characteristics of multi-scale and multi-level. Thus, the sustainable development of gully agriculture should focus on micro, meso and macro scales to realize the sustainable development of soil ecosystem, farmland ecosystem and agricultural regional system synergistically. 2) On the premise of ensuring food security and ecological security, adjustment of agricultural structure should be actively promoted to develop multifunctional agriculture. Through the "3C" model, namely, the internal circulation of agriculture itself, external circulation of agriculture and the big circulation of agriculture based on agricultural multifunction, it helps to realize the optimization of the production structure, the extension of the industrial chain and the complementarity of urban and rural functions, which can promote the development of rural economy and urban-rural integration. 3) Innovation and promotion of the driving patterns such as comprehensive land consolidation pattern, agricultural structure adjustment pattern, comprehensive development of characteristic resources pattern and land transfer scale production pattern can help to improve the efficiency and quality of agricultural production. 4) The furture is expand interdisciplinary research of geography and other disciplines, and deepen the research in "theory-practice" paradigm. To explore and establish the agricultural production guarantee system that integrates technology research and application, talent training, policy and institutional support, are the important measure to comprehensively improve the efficiency of agricultural resources utilization and overall production efficiency of gully agriculture and promote the modernization of gully agriculture.

As a historical process, the evolution of spatial organization in the metropolitan area results from regional economic growth, multi-scale division of labour and multi-subject power relations. This study constructs a multi-scale comparative analysis framework to compare and summarizes the spatial characteristics, organizational rules and evolutionary mechanism of the spatial organization evolution of Shanghai and Los Angeles metropolitan areas. In this way, it is conducive to exploring the characteristics of the spatial organization of China's metropolitan areas. Los Angeles is representative of ''polycentric'' ''low-density'', and ''scattered'' after the transformation of the post-Fordist economy. After the reform and opening-up, Shanghai clustered the benefits of national policy preference and global capital transfer. The rise of many industrial parks and new towns promoted the transformation of Shanghai's spatial organization from ''monocentric'' to ''polycentric''. The adjustment of industrial structure and division of labour are the main reasons for the evolution of spatial organization in metropolitan areas. However, due to the differences in multi-scale spatiality, the processes of evolution are significantly different. As an intermediary for the country to be embedded in the global production network, the spatial organization of the Shanghai metropolitan area is a product of multi-scale political interaction and integration. A large amount of infrastructure investment and construction has attracted global capital, reshaped spatial organization, and strengthened the government's role in uneven regional growth. The construction of a multi-scale comparative analysis framework based on a relationship perspective, which regards cities as a collection of abstractions and concrete practices, provides a new theoretical perspective for understanding and analyzing the mechanism of spatial organization evolution in specific situations.

This paper starts from the realistic needs of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy, the modernization of the national spatial governance system and governance capacity. Based on the balanced development of urban and rural space and the special location characteristics of the metropolitan fringe, this paper scientifically analyzes the concept and characteristics of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, constructs the development process of rural spatial governance driven by socio-economic evolution, builds a logical analysis framework of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, and studies systematically the mechanism and model of rural space governance in the metropolitan fringe. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) With the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, urban and rural elements flow frequently. The rural areas in the metropolitan fringe have the characteristics of functional diversification, complexity of social structure and systematization of organizational structure, which correspond to material space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 2) Governments, village collectives, enterprises and other social subjects constantly participate in the process of rural space governance, and each subject has its own unique governance behavior mechanism in rural physical space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 3) Based on the different power allocation relationships of multiple subjects, this paper abstracts five governance models of rural space governance in metropolitan fringe, which are respectively government-led, government enterprise-joint, endogenous-driven, village enterprise-joint, and diversified-cooperation. Each space governance model has corresponding advantages and defects. Through the above studies, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for sustainable development of rural space in this special region of metropolitan fringe.

China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones are the spatial diffusion of the development experience of China’s special economic zones. Based on the unique conditions of host country, the construction experience of domestic parks should be adjusted and applied to China’s overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in order to adapt to the localized development. By use of case study and comparative analysis, this paper proposes a theoretical framework of policy mobility, and takes Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) and China-Egypt TEDA Suez Economic & Trade Cooperation Zone (TEDA Suez) as examples to compare the relevant policies of domestic industrial zone and overseas economic & trade cooperation zone, thus verifies the applicability of policy in different “soil environment”. The research shows that: 1) According to the influencing factors of policy implementation and different functions of policy, policy mobility can be divided into policy transplantation, policy adjustment and policy innovation. 2) Planning and construction experience, operation management experience, environmental protection policy, talent training policy can be used directly as policy transplantation; the development model and cultural policy belong to policy adjustments; legal policy, promotion policy and preferential policy should be completely changed as policy innovation. 3) The common features of two parks are reflected in the use of mature experience in domestic parks, the cultivation and reserve of talents, the protection of the park’s ecological environment, and the improvement of infrastructure and supporting facilities. 4) The individuality of parks is embodied in seeking for the similarities on the basis of respecting cultural differences, the building of park brand, the innovation of promotion system, the establishment of coordination mechanism. This paper applies the theory of policy mobility to studying the relationship between domestic and overseas parks, and exploring the process of policy transplantation, policy adjustment and policy innovation, which deepens the connotation of policy mobility theory and enriches the theoretical research of overseas economic and trade cooperation zone.

Over the past decades, China has made great progress in industrial development, urban construction and information technology, and it leads to tremendous changes in the human settlements. In addition, socio-economic development has introduced the diversified human activities, which brings new challenges to the cognition of traditional human settlements. In this paper, a new division of domestic human settlements have been proposed, it is divided into real human settlements, imagery human settlements and pseudo human settlements (i.e. the “three states” of human settlements) based on the geographical scale. Using the “subjective literature induction + objective literature bibliometrics” approach, this paper reviews and prospects the related studies on human settlements from the geographic scales of “three states”, including its content, data and methods. From the analysis above, the following conclusions are drawn in this paper. ① The studies of human settlements have the tendency to be comprehensive and integrated in terms of themes, disciplines and directions. The studies of human settlements have made great progress in understanding the human-land relationship. An increasing number of studies consider the impact of different geographical scales on human settlements. ② Dataset of human settlements shows a trend towards quality optimization, with increasing resolution and precision. The trend of spatio-temporal integration of data from multiple sources is becoming more and more evident. The combination of “big data” and “small data” is also the characteristic of human settlements. ③ Qualitative studies have made significant advances in investigation forms, analytical tools and methods. Growing numbers of econometric models are being developed for the study of human settlements. At the same time, the aggregation of “big data intelligent analysis + small data sampling survey” is applied to explore the relation between human and environment. In the future, domestic studies of human settlements should deepen the logic analysis principle of “one horizontal + one vertical”. On the one hand, scholars should focus on the spatio-temporal characteristics of different human activities (such as living, working, transportation and recreation) at the horizontal scale. On the other hand, much attention should be paid to the deep structure of human settlements under the trend of “reality- imagery -pseudo” at the vertical scale. Domestic studies should be centered on the “three states” of human settlement and diversified human activities. Finally, the Science of Human Settlements would be gradually evolutionary into the multi-perspective, multi-fields, and systematically integrated discipline group.

Conservation tillage has become the core technology to conquer the degradation of black soil. Since soil is a home to a variety of organisms, it is very important to regard soil as a living system to evaluate the impact of conservation tillage on the health of black soil. Therefore, based on the long-term conservation tillage trial established by the Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the responses of soil biodiversity and its function to conservation tillage were comprehensively elucidated in this study. Compared with conventional tillage, conservation tillage strongly improved the species richness (1%-8%), density (25%-57%), and biomass (30%-50%) of the entire soil assemblages, including microorganisms, nematodes, collembolans, mites and earthworms, as well as the connectance of soil food web (14%-32%). Furthermore, conservation tillage promotes the performance of soil biotic function in soil structure formation, soil carbon sequestration, nitrogen efficient utilization and crop yield stability. These results suggest that conservation tillage can effectively utilize the functional potential of soil organisms, which is of great significance to supporting the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture in the black soil region of Northeast China.

Whether the supply of pension resources matches the degree of aging is related to the allocation efficiency of pension resource and the welfare level of the elderly enjoying the related services equally. In the new era, the elderly in China have undergone profound changes in lifestyle, quality of life and life philosophy. Based on the needs of aging in the new era, rational allocation of old-age resources is of great significance for implementing the national strategy of actively responding to aging and promoting the high-quality development of the cause of aging. Using kernel density estimation, coupled coordination model and spatial Durbin model, this study discusses the evolution pattern of aging, the allocation of pension resources and the adaptation degree between the allocation of pension resources and aging in China. The study also reveals the influencing factors of the spatial adaptation between the allocation of pension resources and China’s aging. The results show that: 1) The degree of aging in China is increasing, and it presents the spatial characteristics of “high in the east and low in the west”. 2) In China, the overall level of pension resources allocation has been improved, and the degree of spatial dispersion has increased. The absolute difference between provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) has expanded with the passage of time. 3) The spatial adaptation between pension resources and aging has improved significantly, but the spatial heterogeneity is prominent, showing a declining development pattern from the eastern coast to the central and western regions as a whole; the agglomeration degree of spatial adaptation changes from strong to weak and then to strong. On the whole, the spatial agglomeration degree is constantly improving, but with the migration of time, it has a polarization trend. 4) The spatial adaptation between pension resources and aging has a significant positive spatial spillover effect. Among the influencing factors, pension investment and policy attention can promote the spatial adaptation of pension resources and population aging in this region; the elderly association reduces the spatial adaptability of the allocation of pension resources in neighboring provinces through spillover effect; the dependency ratio of old-age volunteers and the elderly can not only effectively promote the spatial adaptation of pension resources and aging in this province, but also improve the spatial adaptation of pension resources in neighboring provinces; the role of old-age institutions in spatial adaptation of pension resources is not obvious.

It is of great significance to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecosystem services value (ESV) and the trade-offs and synergies among various services to realize the coordinated development of regional ecology and economy. Based on the revised equivalent factor table and combined with the land use data of 7 periods from 1988 to 2020, the study of spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem services value (ESV) in the peripheral region of the Poyang Lake is explored by data processing and spatial analysis of GIS technology. At the same time, the ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies model is introduced to analyze the trade-offs and synergies of seven ecosystem service functions. The results show that: 1) From 1988 to 2020, the ecosystem service value in the peripheral region of the Poyang Lake increased from 57.79 billion yuan to 59.25 billion yuan, showing the fluctuation characteristics of first increasing, then decreasing and then increasing. During the whole study period, ESV of water area is the largest, followed by woodland and arable land. The main contributing factors of ESV change are water area, grassland and woodland. From the perspective of single ecological service value, the regulation service value is the largest during the study period, accounting for more than 77% of the total ESV. 2) The spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem service value in the study area are closely related to land use types. In recent 32 years, the spatial distribution of ecological service value in the study area has shown obvious imbalance. The area with the highest ecological service value is the area with abundant water resources, and the area with the lowest ecological service value is the contiguous area with concentrated construction land. ESV significantly decreased in areas with the greatest intensity of construction land expansion, including Nanchang urban area, Jiujiang urban area, and urban built-up areas of other districts and counties. The areas with increased ESV are evenly distributed in the northeast and northwest of the study area, as well as the southeast and southwest near the outside of the study area. 3) In the study period, the synergistic relationship is the dominant relationship among ecosystem services, while the number of the trade-off’s relationship is small and mainly existed between food production and other services. The results indicate that there is conflict between food production and environmental protection, and there is competition between cultivated land and other land use patterns in the study area. During 1988-1999 and 1999-2009, the other six ecosystem services showed synergistic relationship except for food production service. From 2009 to 2020, the degree and direction of interaction among ecosystem services have changed, and the maximum value of trade-offs and synergies have increased. The trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services has a profound impact on the balanced development of regional ecological environment protection and economy. Moreover, trade-offs and synergies play an important role in coordinating multiple goals, maximizing human well-being and supporting the sustainable use of social-ecosystems. The research results can provide reference information for promoting the coordinated development of ecological environment protection and economy in the peripheral region of Poyang Lake.

In this paper, the theories and concepts of path dependence, path creation and agency in evolutionary economic geography are used to analyze the development mechanism of livestreaming e-commerce. Then, based on multiple open-source data such as DouYin platform, the regional differences, spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of livestreaming e-commerce in 292 cities above prefecture level in China are empirically analyzed by Cartogram method, exploratory spatial data analysis tools, coefficient of variation, theil index and spatial econometric model. The results show that the spatial pattern of the number of streamers and the number of followers shows some similarity but with some spatially divergent characteristics. The most significant regional variability and spatial unevenness in the sales of livestreaming e-commerce are found in the core regions of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, with significantly high and high clustering areas. In addition, the empirical measurement results show that the number of Taobao villages, the index of online e-commerce, the number of head streamers with goods, the number of other streamers with goods, the number of MCN and the level of express logistics services are the significant factors affecting the regional differences in the development level of livestreaming e-commerce. We found that the development of livestreaming e-commerce results from a combination of mechanisms and factors. Specifically, at first, the regional industry and the supply chain base are necessary guarantees for the development of livestreaming e-commerce. Secondly, MCN and streamers with goods play an essential role in integrating and linking relevant resources within and outside the region. In addition, government encouragement and support actions and the spatial effect of neighbouring regions positively impact the development of livestreaming e-commerce. In the future, the exploration of the interactions and relationships between supply and industry chains, actors, institutions and government actions in typical cities where livestreaming e-commerce is well developed will also be a key focus of EEG and Internet geography.