The development of station areas driven by the high-speed railway dividend is out of order. The coordinated development of nodes and places has become an important path to promote the orderly construction of high-speed railway station areas and to promote each other's development. Taking 37 urban high-speed railway stations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as examples, this paper constructs a coupling coordination degree and relative development degree model to identify the types of coupling development and spatial differentiation characteristics of high-speed railway station areas. It is found that: 1) The high-speed railway station in the Yangtze River Economic Belt can be divided into three types of coupling coordination development stages, including the running-in stage, the antagonism stage and the low-level coupling stage, exhibiting the characteristic of node lagging, place lagging and node place synchronization. 2) The types of coupling and coordination of node and place functions in the high-speed railway stations can be classified as low-coupling-node lagging, low-coupling-place lagging, antagonistic-node lagging, antagonistic-place lagging, running-in-node lagging, friction-synchronous development, and running-in-place lagging, representing low-level development, unsustainable, and to be optimized and upgraded. The spatial distribution shows significant inter-group variation in urban clusters, while cities in urban clusters are characterized by "converging centers and scattered nodes". Through this research, we can understand the current situation of functional coupling and coordination between node and place in the high-speed railway station area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt scientifically, and improve the fitness between the hub construction and function development. Besides, it can provide valuable references for promoting reasonable construction and sustainable development of the areas around the high-speed railway station.
Ports are regarded as the main driving force of economic growth in urban areas. The study of port economic spatial structure is of great significance to guide the development of port areas. Based on the four urban scales of mega cities, mega cities, large cities and medium-sized cities, this paper selects 12 ports located in cities of different sizes as the research object, and then based on POI big data, uses Ripley's K function, kernel density estimation and other methods to analyze the agglomeration and distribution mode of port economy under different urban scales, and uses the industrial index method to analyze the circle characteristics of port economy under different urban scales, So as to investigate the spatial structure of China's port economy under the influence of city scale, and explore the development degree and distribution law of port economy. The results show that: 1) The number and scale of industries in most ports will show a decreasing trend as the city size increases. At the same time, due to the rigid demand of the port and surrounding residents for basic services in derivative industries, there are differences in the quantity of various industries distributed around the port. Overall, the number of POIs in derivative industries distributed around the port is significantly higher than that in related service industries; 2) Within a range of 30 kilometers of the core port area, industries of all sizes of cities exhibit agglomeration distribution characteristics due to the influence of industries such as ships, cargo transportation, and comprehensive port services. Among them, the degree of industrial agglomeration in mega cities and large cities varies more strongly with port distance than in mega cities, while the intensity of industrial agglomeration in medium-sized cities does not show a clear pattern with port distance; 3) With the gradual reduction of the city scale level, the number of industries in the circle of the port area has declined. At the same time, the derivative service industries are mainly distributed in the inner circle and the middle circle, while the related service industries are more distributed in the middle circle and the outer circle, and the phenomenon of industrial superposition is more obvious. Based on the above analysis results, the development and construction of Gangkou District in the future should pay more attention to the idea of composite industrial design, create a port economic spatial structure with the characteristics of industrial complex, and at the same time follow the concept of land intensification to promote port economic concentration and structural optimization. The port economic distribution scope should give priority to development within 30 km.
This paper starts from the realistic needs of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy, the modernization of the national spatial governance system and governance capacity. Based on the balanced development of urban and rural space and the special location characteristics of the metropolitan fringe, this paper scientifically analyzes the concept and characteristics of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, constructs the development process of rural spatial governance driven by socio-economic evolution, builds a logical analysis framework of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, and studies systematically the mechanism and model of rural space governance in the metropolitan fringe. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) With the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, urban and rural elements flow frequently. The rural areas in the metropolitan fringe have the characteristics of functional diversification, complexity of social structure and systematization of organizational structure, which correspond to material space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 2) Governments, village collectives, enterprises and other social subjects constantly participate in the process of rural space governance, and each subject has its own unique governance behavior mechanism in rural physical space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 3) Based on the different power allocation relationships of multiple subjects, this paper abstracts five governance models of rural space governance in metropolitan fringe, which are respectively government-led, government enterprise-joint, endogenous-driven, village enterprise-joint, and diversified-cooperation. Each space governance model has corresponding advantages and defects. Through the above studies, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for sustainable development of rural space in this special region of metropolitan fringe.
Malignant tumor is one of the most prevalent diseases threatening the lives of children and adolescents. Access to specialist medical resources is conducive to accurate diagnosis and treatment, significantly improving their cure rates, and optimizing the allocation of healthcare resources can enhance the accessibility of medical services for children with cancer. Thus, this paper reviews the research progress of spatial allocation of health care resources and contributing factors. As a major research subject in health geography, the study of health care resource allocation has focused on public health care resources mainly, but not enough attention has been paid to specific diseases, particularly pediatric oncology health care resources. Based on the data of pediatric surveillance sites, certified hospitals, number of discharged children with cancer of different disease types and children with cancer mobility, this paper used nuclear density, standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation and coefficient of variation to analyze the spatial pattern of Chinese pediatric cancer healthcare resources, geographic detector are used to explore the influencing factor of spatial pattern of pediatric cancer healthcare resources. Last but not least, policies to optimize the spatial allocation of medical resources for pediatric oncology are summarized. The results have indicated that: 1) There are more pediatric cancer healthcare resources in eastern region than in western region of China, which significantly concentrate in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, The Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta region, especially centered in provincial capitals and municipalities. Focusing on the provincial scale, medical resources for pediatric oncology are concentrated in the provincial capitals, while the rest of the cities are less distributed. Medical resources for children with solid tumor are more concentrated in a few large cities than for leukemia and lymphoma, which has led to a large scale medical treatment flows for children with cancer, concentrated in provincial capitals and municipalities, such as Beijing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangdong, Chongqing and Shanxi. 2) The spatial allocation of pediatric cancer healthcare resources is closely related to regional socio-economic development, especially the per capita disposable income, education level, GDP per capita and urbanization rate, while the size distribution of children and the medical insurance are not significant, which is not consistent with other factors influencing the spatial allocation of public health care resources. There is a mismatch between the spatial allocation of medical resources for pediatric oncology and children's needs, and the existing health insurance coverage for pediatric oncology as a specific disease is not sufficient. It is recommended to enhance the treatment capacity of pediatric oncology surveillance sites, promote the secondary medical centers for rare pediatric cancer, and strengthen medical insurance and social support to reduce the treatment burden of children with cancer and their families.
Quantitative evaluation of the human travel activity intensity (hereinafter referred to as "human travel intensity") is a fundamental element of human disturbance research, which is of utmost importance for the preservation of biodiversity. Taking the difference between urban areas and non-urban areas into account, in order to improve the response of human travel intensity to each type of environmental variable, this paper focuses on the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province, based on the Tencent location big data, using the geodetector and maximum entropy model to investigate the impact of environmental variables on human travel intensity. The results of the paper reveal that the environmental variables affecting the human travel intensity in the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province present a nonlinear enhancement or bivariate enhancement type under the interaction, and the combination of the distance to residences and the land cover type has the largest explanatory power for the human travel intensity. The prediction accuracy of the maximum entropy model meets the "good" criterion according to the standard (Area Under Curve, AUC= 0.855), and the human travel intensity in the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province shows a general pattern of "high in the east and low in the west". Among all the environmental variables, distance to residences, land cover type, distance to roads, and slope are the main influencing variables, and the cumulative contribution of these four environmental variables exceeds 90%. As a whole, human travel intensity in the non-urban areas of Yunnan Province is concentrated near residences that have gentle topography, a mild climate, moderate precipitation, and easily accessible transportation. The findings of the paper can be utilized to gain an understanding of the factors that are influencing the heterogeneity of human travel and can be a source of guidance for species protection and development in Yunnan Province.
Since digital platforms play an increasingly important role in urban governance/management and experiences, in the past two decades, human geographers have paid active attention to how geographical knowledge is produced by the digital in the mundane and how the digital is mediating the production of space and transforming the relations between human and space. Resonating with this trend, this research explores the sociocultural patterns of daily mobilities with the assistance of digital platforms based on the concept of platform urbanism, aimed to reveal the interactions between digital subjects, platforms, and urban space during this process. The analysis in this article is based on a fieldwork in urban Guangzhou consisting of questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, and participant observations. The main results of this fieldwork not only provide a general portrait of digital platform use in daily travel, such as the types of platforms applied in practice and their corresponding usage frequency, but also is beneficial to better understand how digital platforms are integrated into daily mobilities in an unconscious, contingent, creative and momentary way through details like gestures, habits, emotional experience presented in the combined data. Generally, the key findings of this article have demonstrated that digital platforms have already gained broad use in daily mobilities in Guangzhou. Nevertheless, specific details about how people make use of digital platforms while planning or managing daily mobilities still vary from the demographic patterns, especially among those groups with different ages and different degrees of education. Simultaneously, the diversity and the complexity of the daily mobilities associated with digital platforms can also be attributed to the social-spatial contexts of the practice, which have an important influence on shaping different types of platform-mediated mobilities, including purposive mobilities, contingent mobilities, flexible mobilities, and the way they interweave during the process of daily mobilities. Ultimately, this article argues that daily travel is a social and digital practice that forges multiplex interactions between people, digital platforms, and urban space through two patterns: "guide" and "adaption". In the former, the use of digital platforms can guide the way in which daily mobilities are conducted by strengthening or weakening people's (digital) skills, such as collecting information, making travel plans, telling directions, experiencing and producing places. While in the latter, as a result of the highly accidental, incomplete, uncertain interactions between people, platforms, and space, failures emerging from daily mobilities would encourage users to explore their creative and resistant tactics to improve the effects of platform use. Aimed to identify the roles people, digital platforms, and urban space played respectively in mobilities in Guangzhou, this article allows us to witness how platform urbanism contributes to completing the past research on the relations between daily travel and technology, thus offering a significant insight into the further exploration of daily practice mediated by digital platforms and the construction of human-oriented smart cities in the future.
Excess commuting analysis is of great practical significance for improving urban commuting efficiency and optimizing the spatial relationship between employment and housing. There are few studies on intraurban variations of excess commuting, and also from the perspective of educational attainment. Based on the Shanghai 1% population sample survey data at sub-district level in 2015, we analyzed commuting efficiency differences among different educational groups and their intraurban variations, using a spatially disaggregated approach. The results show that 52.14% of commuting trips were excess commuting, and 26.14% of commuting potential was utilized, which still has great potential for commuting optimization. From the perspective of educational attainment, there are significant group differences in commuting behavior and its efficiency. The degree of jobs and housing separation of low educational groups is lower but has more obvious decentralized characteristics, and its commuting efficiency is much higher than that of high educational groups. In term of spatial distribution, workers travelling from homes located in job-rich areas make the shortest minimum commute, whereas workers living in housing-rich areas make the longest minimum commutes. The lowest commuting efficiency is found for job-rich areas and the highest for housing rich areas. The commuting efficiency of edge workers (employers) is higher than central workers (employers). From the perspective of influencing factors, in addition to the job-housing balance at the micro level, the job-housing spatial relationship at the macro level is also an important influencing factor of commuting behavior of residents. For the well-educated group, their selection of residential location follows patterns of average job location rather than that of the closest available job location.
Intangible cultural heritage is the essence of traditional intangible culture, which is the product of the coupling of man-earth relationship and time-space accumulation. The big data of social media can improve the spatio-temporal distribution study of the intangible cultural heritage at the finer spatio-temporal scales. Southern Fujian (Minnan) is a relatively complete cultural geographical area, including Quanzhou City, Zhangzhou City and Xiamen City of Fujian Province. There are a large number of intangible cultural heritage in Southern Fujian, such as Nanyin, Dehua white porcelain, and lacquer line carving, and the number ranks among the top in China. All those make the study of spatio-temporal distribution of the Minnan intangible culture heritage and the response to geographical environment strong representative and reference value. This study obtained the point of interest (POI) of the Minnan intangible culture heritage data during the period of 2010—2020 from Sina microblog using the crawler technology, including 43 intangible cultural heritage items of 10 categories. And then the spatial analysis methods such as nuclear density estimation, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and the center of mass measurement have been applied to reveal the saptio-temporal pattern in the POI of the Minnan intangible cultural heritages. Finally, the geodetector model are employed to analyze the response of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage to the heterogeneity of multi-dimensional geographical environment at the county scale. The results show that: 1) The type structure of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage in China is mainly composed of traditional drama, traditional music, folk customs and traditional skills, forming two north-south banded distribution areas with Fujian Province, Taipei and Kaohsiung as the core. The Minnan intangible cultural heritage shows a spatial distribution network that radiates the whole country, with Fujian province as the core, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shenzhen and other mainland provinces and Taiwan as two wings. 2) The Minnan intangible cultural heritage in Fujian Province presents the same type structure as that in China. The POI spatial distribution in Fujian Province shows a positive spatial autocorrelation pattern, forming four high-density areas in the Southern Fujian culture core area of Xiamen City, Zhangzhou City and Quanzhou City and the capital city of Fuzhou Ctiy. Multiple middle-density and low-density areas distribute radiating inland from the core area of Southern Fujian culture. During the study period, the POI number of the Minnan intangible cultural heritages has been increasing, form 27 in 2010 to the highest mumber of 1521 in 2019. However, the POI distribution centers for each study year is always in Nan'an city of Quanzhou City and Xiamen City; 3) The driving mechanism of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage on the county scale presents scale effect and multi-dimensional factors. Natural and social environments jointly dominate the spatio-temporal envoltion of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage. The 15 km buffer of the main roads has the largest response intensity to the expansion of the Minnan intangible heritage, followed by the rivers, population density, temperature, slope, and urbanization level. On the other hand, cultural grounding is also an important mechanism driving the distribution and diffusion of the intangible cultural heritage in southern Fujian.
Abstract: Dunhuang, a small-scale inland city in western China, has transformed from a traditional agricultural county to an international tourist city, a platform for world cultural exchanges, and a node city along the Belt and Road, which mainly relies on its unique and brilliant resources Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang culture, and state policy of economic reform and open up. As a tourism governance model with a cultural position and unique resource endowment, this provides a unique perspective and rethinking for existing urban tourism governance and modernization transformation research. Thus, based on interview recording texts, various statistical data and the qualitative method of actor network, the emphasis of this study lies in the process of Dunhuang tourism construction and governance and the governance mechanism at different stages. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) Dunhuang's tourism governance has mainly experienced four stages, that is, the flooding of inbound tourists, massive construction of tourism infrastructure, centralized operation of the tourism market and development driven by international mega-events. Additoonally, the tourism machanism can be divided into two periods of world cultural heritage sites, centralized operation, and urban marketing. Specifically, the development pathway is that Dunhuang's world cultural heritage tourism is initially driven by global visits and international hospitality. Subsequently, the international tourism boom promotes notable urban transformation and centrilized governance. Ultimately its urban transformation and cultural stock repackaging fed back afresh urban tourism and marketing; 2) In the construction stage of world cultural heritage sites, the global popularity of Mogao Grottoes and Dunhuang culture attracts large-scale inbound tourists, city government and Dunhuang Academy mobilize other actors to form an interests' lliance to realize the supply of Dunhuang tourism needs; 3) In the stage of centralized operation and city marketing, the city government monopolizes the city-owned tourism resources for centralized market operation. Equally important, in respond to One Belt and One Road and Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo, the city government develops Dunhuang cultural tourism through the governance mechanism, and establishes a key node city on the Silk Road and an international tourist city. Dissent and barganining mainly revolve around market regulation and profit distribution, land utilization, sustainable livelihoods of residents, and resource redevelopment; and 4) four driving forces promote Dunhuang tourism govrnance, Unique Resource Driven Heritage Tourism and Transformation Route in Dunhuang, unique tourism resource and cultural stock facilitate urban heritage tourism and transformation route in dunhuang, Dunhuang Academy invigorates the vitality and sustainability of Dunhuang grotto tourism, market accelerates the social participation and tourism provision, different levels of government lead the centrilized governance and the stock development of Dunhuang cultural assets.
Based on the data from the third national land resource survey of Hainan, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using kernel density estimation, buffer and overlay analysis, logistic regression model and ridge regression model to explore the spatial pattern of villages in Hainan Island and their response to natural and socio-economic factors, and further classify the villages into different types. The study found that: 1) The distribution of villages in Hainan Island presents a spatial pattern of "dense in coastal areas, sparse in inland areas" and "intensive in eastern areas, dispersed in western areas". The village scale is generally small, and the spatial differentiation of construction land and cultivated land is overall consistent with the natural geographical differentiation base shaped by the central mountainous area and peripheral coastal area. 2) Under the background of rural transformation, the spatial distribution of villages is mainly influenced by natural environment such as altitude and slope, and economic location represented by traffic accessibility to townships, while the spatial scale of villages is more externally driven by social and economic factors such as population and GDP; relatively speaking, the distribution and expansion of construction land are strongly influenced by social and economic factors, while cultivated land still has higher dependence on natural environment. 3) Based on above, five village types were identified in Hainan Island using cluster analysis, which are mountainous ecological characteristic villages, coastal resource substitution villages, urban-rural spatial integration villages, urban-rural functional integration villages, and wide-ranging comprehensive development villages, and the corresponding development suggestions were put forward. We hope this can offer a scientific basis for "one village one policy", so as to promote rural planning and revitalization in Hainan Island, and to promote human-land harmony and high-quality regional development.
The 'emotional turn' of western social sciences prompts human geography to pay attention to how emotions construct spatial meaning. Individuals' emotional response as a 'bottom-up' force has also begun to be concerned by Political Geography, forming a research paradigm of 'emotional geopolitics'. But it is still stuck in understanding and analyzing emotion with symbols, texts and discourses as mediators. In recent years, literatures in international relations have introduced the epistemology and methodology of psychology and neuroscience into the analysis of the relationship between emotion and political activities, calling for a return to the mechanism of emotion generation itself. They deny that political behavior is completely rational, believe that the reconstruction of international relations must be influenced by irrational factors, especially emotions, and try to integrate the mechanisms of affective neuroscience into the theory of international relations. Therefore, this paper calls on geopolitical research to urgently need knowledge spillover from the perspective of geography when focusing on the relationship between emotion and environment, space and place, and to return to the discussion of emotion generation mechanism itself. We firstly sorts out the 'emotional turn' in geopolitics, and discusses the definition of the concept of emotion and its research paradigm in emotional geopolitics. This finds that emotional geopolitics attempts to construct an irrational, pluralistic and individualized political narrative. It takes everyday life as a research field and focuses on how individual emotional power is linked to the geo-environment. However, geopolitical analysis of the connotation and formation mechanism of emotion itself is not thorough, and there is also a lack of techniques and methods to directly measure emotion, and emotion is regarded as a cultural concept constructed in the context of the geo-environment. Then, we tries to draw on the research perspective that intersects with psychology disciplines, combined with the epistemology of non-representational theory on emotion, and establishes the emotional geopolitical research framework of 'mind-body-environment'. In epistemology, this paper argues that in emotional geopolitical analysis, emotional awareness, physical experience and geographical environment should be organically combined to understand how emotion occurs in a specific geographical environment as an over-cognitive habit and reacts to geographical forces. For methodology, from an interdisciplinary perspective, we discusses the methodology of emotional geopolitics. We advocates a combination of naturalism and constructivism, a combination of 'first-person' and 'third-person' approaches. The contribution of this paper is to further highlight the theoretical and practical value of emotion in geopolitical research, so that emotion governance is not only the governance of discourse symbols, but also the whole process of emotional governance from the macro-decision level. At the same time, interdisciplinary research helps to export geography's understanding of space, place and environment to psychology, and make up for the lack of spatial perspective in psychology. The cross-disciplinary analysis framework proposed in this paper mainly draws on the cross-related studies of geopolitics and psychology in the West, and relevant researches in China are still scarce. Based on the Chinese context, more empirical research needs to be focused and discussed in the future.
Home is an important dimension to understand elderly lifestyle migration and plays a crucial role in shaping the migrants' quality of life and happiness. This paper draws on the study of the seasonal lifestyle migration of the Houniao (also call 'snowbirds' who are mostly retirees from northern China) between Sanya, a tropical city in southern China, and northeastern Chinese provinces. Research data was derived from ethnographical field work in Sanya and mainly generated from interviews, participant observation and secondary data collection. Specifically, this paper explores the metaphors of home from three aspects: homely city (place-based home), extended home (collective home) and elders' home (private home). First, in Sanya, the Houniao simultaneously have senses of belonging and estrangement. Treated as outsiders by the locals, they think highly of Sanya's natural environments but keep distance from local socio-cultures. Through everyday leisure, the Houniao negotiate their ambivalent feelings of home in the tropical city. Second, extended home based on intergenerational-ties is produced at the trans-local scale and continues to influence the Houniao's daily practices and experiences in the destination place. Economic and emotional supports from the offspring and their opinions exert great impacts on the elderly migrants' motivations for seasonal migration and their post-migration lives. Third, the Houniao’s sense of home is also enormously shaped by the elderly couple's practices of home-making which are influenced by multiple issues, including living conditions, neighborhood relations, and spousal care. This paper centralises the analysis of home in lifestyle migration and foregrounds a comprehensive view of elderly migrants' diverse and complex feelings of home in receiving places. It also enriches our understanding of older people's living experiences in health-oriented mobilities and ageing practices in other places in contemporary China.
In the context of transboundary river basins, the water-energy-food nexus is of great significance for water security and ecological security, as well as for maintaining the geopolitical security and sustainable development of transboundary countries. The present study systematically reviewed the frontier progress of the water-energy-food nexus research in the transboundary river basins. These studies can be grouped into four categories: research on the internal core nexus, research on the nexus between coupling internal and external systems, research on the nexus of response measures caused by future uncertainty, and research on transboundary cooperation considered water benefit sharing. We recognize the types, characteristics, and challenges of current quantitative assessment methods, and point out the future development trends from the perspective of actual needs of transboundary basins, i.e., promoting information sharing and data mining, revealing the coupling and feedback mechanism of the water-energy-food nexus, enhancing the development and application of quantitative assessment model of the water-energy-food nexus, strengthening the researches on future uncertainty of the water-energy-food nexus, and promoting multi-stakeholder cooperation. This review will facilitate the rational development and utilization of water resources in the transboundary river basins and realize deeper international cooperation.
The regulation of water resources in public basins is of great practical significance to deal with climate change and alleviate water resources conflicts. From the perspective of integration, according to different hydrological situations, the regulation of water resources in public basins can deal with complex and changeable climate change. This article uses DPSIR model to build the analysis framework of water resources system, and constructs its system dynamics model group to analyze the causal relationship of the water resource system from the perspective of supply and demand. Taking the Lancang-Mekong River Basin as an example, this article uses the system dynamics model to explore the current and future water resources supply and demand of the basin, analyzes its evolution process and regulation mechanism, and carries out simulation research combined with different hydrological scenarios. The results show that: there are great differences in the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources under different hydrological scenarios; Structural measures mainly affect the supply of water resources, while non structural measures mainly affect the demand of water resources. Both of the two types of measures can alleviate the pressure of water resources shortage, but for the more extreme hydrological scenarios, the pressure of water resources shortage will still appear in the future. When the structural measures and non structural measures are implemented at the same time, the supply of water resources has greater flexibility, even under the more extreme hydrological conditions, it can still adjust the balance between supply and demand of water resources, which is conducive to the long-term sustainable development of water resources in the basin. The research results reveal the regulation effect of water resources in different hydrological situations in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin from the perspective of integration, and the impact of various regulation measures on the supply and demand of water resources, which lays a foundation for the joint action of water resources regulation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin.
Since some western industrial cities successfully achieved high-quality urban transformation by developing creative economy at the end of last century, developing creative economy has been the key engine of socioeconomic development by many countries and regions in the post-industrial era. In this case, the famous scholar Richard Florida proposed the creative class theory that creative class is the core to develop creative economy. As existing studies simply regard the creative class as mature individuals and ignore their local growth process, which fail to guide practice effectively, thus, this paper explores the growth process of the creative class and the role of local cultivation through the case of ceramic makers in Taoxichuan, Jingdezhen. Through in-depth interviews with 23 ceramic makers and 10 local elites, this paper finds that the creative class identity of ceramic makers is developing dynamically. Nearly half of ceramic makers did not belong to the creative class at first, but they developed from non-creative class to creative class during their entrepreneurial practice in Taoxichuan. And more than half of the ceramic makers entered Taoxichuan as creative talents or experts, they realized the improvement of individual ability and upward social mobility within the class, in the process of entrepreneurship practice in Taoxichuan. Furthermore, this paper describes the growth characteristics of ceramic makers in their creative class identity progression through small stories narrative, deeply analyzes their creative ability and creative value promotion. Moreover, it reveals the nurturing role of place in the creative class process and its positive significance to creative economy in turn through big stories narrative. Among them, Taoxichuan has effectively integrated and enriched the developmental resources needed for the growth of various creative classes in Jingdezhen at the urban scale, and provided different key developmental resources in combination with the different development states of ceramic makers. Through the continuous practice of ceramic makers, Taoxichan and Jingdezhen have become ideal platforms for the social mobility of creative classes, thus attracting and retaining more creative talents and promoting the continuous prosperity of creative economy and creative city development. Therefore, this paper expands and enriches the existing research on creative class mobility, responds to Florida's research for the growth of creative class and the development of creative society, and reveals the mutual promotion relationship between individual stories of creative class and local big stories of a creative city, which has important implications for creative talents cultivation, creative economy development and creative city practice.
The article bases on the method of network topology to explore the impact of multi-scenario flood events on the road network from the perspective of commuting with the central urban area of Wuhan as the study area. Firstly, we used flood hydrological simulation to obtain the flood map and reconstructed the road network under different scenarios initially. Then, we obtained road traffic volumes by commuter travel simulation based on Baidu traffic big data. The traffic volume was supplemented as a road attribute to complete the road network reconstruction. Finally, three centrality indicators were calculated under multi-scenario flood events to show the impact of flooding hazards on the topological characteristics of the urban road network by statistical and spatial analyses. The results showed: 1) Flood events change the characteristics and patterns of urban road network. Under the 50-year-flood scenario, the number of network nodes and links decrease by 20.29% and 37.04%, respectively, and the centrality values of more than 80% of nodes or links have changed. 2) When the flood occurs, the maximum and 99% quantile value of betweenness centrality increase while the closeness centrality decrease, indicating that the occurrence of flood makes the impact of key nodes or edges in the road network more prominent but the connectivity between nodes or edges worse. The conclusion is also confirmed by the tail distribution of the centrality cumulative distribution function. 3) Key edges and nodes' locations shift with the occurrence of flood events and shrink towards the central city area with increasing flood intensity. Specifically, it is transferred from the Second Ring Road of Wuhan to the Yanjiang Avenue within the First Ring Road. The findings of the study are important references for identifying critical areas of urban traffic and for disaster emergency management. In flood disaster management, attention should be paid to the core areas to prevent congestion; And in urban planning, strengthening road construction in peripheral areas, improving road drainage performance and road network connectivity are the key to reduce the impact of flood disasters on urban road network.
Due to the influence of rainfall, vegetation, tectonic movement and many other factors, the evolution characteristics of loess small watershed are very complicated and have not been effectively revealed. Although many previous studies have been carried out on the morphological, erosion and development of loess small watershed geomorphology, there are few studies on the spatial-temporal evolution of loess small watershed geomorphology based on watershed geomorphic entropy. Therefore, based on watershed geomorphic entropy and DEM data of geomorphic evolution in a loess small watershed simulated in 9 periods under the condition of indoor artificial rainfall, the basin geomorphic entropy variables and their spatial differentiation were studied at three scales of small watershed, sub-watershed, slope and gully, and to some extent, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of geomorphic evolution in a loess small watershed were illustrated. The results show that: 1) In the process of loess geomorphic evolution under artificial rainfall, the local entropy increase of watershed geomorphic entropy in the basin is the process of loess accumulation or loess accumulation. 2) In terms of time, the change rate of entropy variable in the juvenile period was higher than that in the adult period, indicating that the loess erosion rate in the juvenile period was faster than that in the adult period. 3) In terms of space, slope erosion is gradually enhanced in childhood and gradually weakened in adulthood. Gully erosion plays a dominant role in loess erosion process, which is characterized by gully edge erosion in juvenile stage and gully head erosion in adult stage. 4) The loess small watershed has the evolution characteristics of stronger erosion capacity of sub-basins located in the lower reaches and similar erosion capacity of sub-basins located in the same position on the left and right sides of the main gully.
Based on the meteorological observation datasets including daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and precipitation, etc. at 61 stations in the hinterland of deserts and sandy fields and surrounding area in northern China, temporal and spatial variations of climate extremes were analyzed from 1961—2019 by 24 different extreme climate indices, and their influential factors were discussed. The results show that: 1) During 1961—2019, obvious warming trend has been found in these deserts and sandy fields. Extreme temperature indices have significant changing trend with small spatial difference. The frost days, cold nights and other extreme cold events have decreased significantly, while the number of summer days, warm days and other extreme warm events have increased significantly. 2) Extreme precipitation indices have large interannual fluctuations, and they mostly increased in western deserts and decreased in eastern sandy fields. The annual precipitation in western deserts has a significant increasing trend at the rate of 5.11 d/10a, and other extreme precipitation indices such as daily maximum precipitation, moderate rain days and heavy precipitation also have also increased significantly. The annual precipitation and other extreme precipitation indices in eastern sandy fields show an obvious decreasing trend, indicating the drying trend in this region. 3) The changes in extreme temperature indices in the deserts and sandy fields of northern China show consistency with other parts of China, while the rates exceed that of most part of global land such as North America, South Africa, Australia, etc. 4) The changes in extreme low temperature and extreme cold events in eastern sandy fields are significantly correlated with the Arctic Oscillation. The weakening of East Asian summer monsoon during recent decades is the main cause for the decrease in extreme precipitation in eastern sandy fields, while the increase in extreme precipitation in western deserts may be affected by multiple factors including the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
